# Utilitários do Sistema Operacional

PyObject* `PyOS_FSPath`( PyObject *path)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return the file system representation for path. If the object is a `str` or `bytes` object, then its reference count is incremented. If the object implements the `os.PathLike` interface, then `__fspath__()` is returned as long as it is a `str` or `bytes` object. Otherwise `TypeError` is raised and `NULL` is returned.

  Novo na versão 3.6.

int `Py_FdIsInteractive`(FILE *fp, const char *filename)

  Retornar verdadeiro (diferente de zero) se o arquivo de I/O padrão * fp * com o nome filename for considerado interativo. Este é o caso dos arquivos para os quais `` isatty (fileno (fp)) `` é verdade. Se o sinalizador global: c: data: Py_InteractiveFlag é verdadeiro, esta função também retorna true se o apontador * filename * for * NULL * ou se o nome for igual a uma das strings` ‘<stdin>’ ` Ou `` ‘???’ ``.

void `PyOS_AfterFork`()

  Função para atualizar algum estado interno após um processo de garfo; Isso deve ser chamado no novo processo se o intérprete do Python continuar a ser usado. Se um novo executável é carregado no novo processo, esta função não precisa ser chamada.

int `PyOS_CheckStack`()

  Retornar verdadeiro quando o intérprete ficar sem espaço de pilha. Esta é uma verificação confiável, mas só está disponível quando: const: USE_STACKCHECK está definido (atualmente no Windows usando o compilador Microsoft Visual C ++). : Const: USE_STACKCHECK será definido automaticamente; Você nunca deve mudar a definição em seu próprio código.

PyOS_sighandler_t `PyOS_getsig`(int i)

  Retorna o manipulador de sinal atual para o sinal * i *. Este é um invólucro fino em torno de: c: func: sigaction ou: c: func:` signal`. Não ligue para essas funções diretamente! : C: digite: PyOS_sighandler_t é um alias de typedef para: c: digite:` void (*) (int) `.

PyOS_sighandler_t `PyOS_setsig`(int i, PyOS_sighandler_t h)

  Defina o manipulador de sinal para que o sinal * i * seja * h *; Devolva o antigo manipulador de sinal. Este é um invólucro fino em torno de: c: func: sigaction ou: c: func:` signal`. Não ligue para essas funções diretamente! : C: digite: PyOS_sighandler_t é um alias de typedef para: c: digite:` void (*) (int) `.

wchar_t* `Py_DecodeLocale`(const char* arg, size_t *size)

  Decode a byte string from the locale encoding with the surrogateescape error handler: undecodable bytes are decoded as characters in range U+DC80..U+DCFF. If a byte sequence can be decoded as a surrogate character, escape the bytes using the surrogateescape error handler instead of decoding them.

  Encoding, highest priority to lowest priority:

  - `UTF-8` on macOS and Android;

  - `ASCII` if the `LC_CTYPE` locale is `"C"`, `nl_langinfo(CODESET)` returns the `ASCII` encoding (or an alias), and `mbstowcs()` and `wcstombs()` functions use the `ISO-8859-1` encoding.

  - the current locale encoding (`LC_CTYPE` locale).

  Return a pointer to a newly allocated wide character string, use `PyMem_RawFree()` to free the memory. If size is not `NULL`, write the number of wide characters excluding the null character into `*size`.

  Return `NULL` on decoding error or memory allocation error. If size is not `NULL`, `*size` is set to `(size_t)-1` on memory error or set to `(size_t)-2` on decoding error.

  Decoding errors should never happen, unless there is a bug in the C library.

  Use the `Py_EncodeLocale()` function to encode the character string back to a byte string.

  Ver também

  The `PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize()` and `PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize()` functions.

  Novo na versão 3.5.

char* `Py_EncodeLocale`(const wchar_t *text, size_t *error_pos)

  Encode a wide character string to the locale encoding with the surrogateescape error handler: surrogate characters in the range U+DC80..U+DCFF are converted to bytes 0x80..0xFF.

  Encoding, highest priority to lowest priority:

  - `UTF-8` on macOS and Android;

  - `ASCII` if the `LC_CTYPE` locale is `"C"`, `nl_langinfo(CODESET)` returns the `ASCII` encoding (or an alias), and `mbstowcs()` and `wcstombs()` functions uses the `ISO-8859-1` encoding.

  - the current locale encoding.

  Return a pointer to a newly allocated byte string, use `PyMem_Free()` to free the memory. Return `NULL` on encoding error or memory allocation error

  If error_pos is not `NULL`, `*error_pos` is set to the index of the invalid character on encoding error, or set to `(size_t)-1` otherwise.

  Use the `Py_DecodeLocale()` function to decode the bytes string back to a wide character string.

  Ver também

  The `PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault()` and `PyUnicode_EncodeLocale()` functions.

  Novo na versão 3.5.

# System Functions

These are utility functions that make functionality from the `sys` module accessible to C code. They all work with the current interpreter thread’s `sys` module’s dict, which is contained in the internal thread state structure.

PyObject *`PySys_GetObject`(const char *name)
  Return value: Borrowed reference.

  Return the object name from the `sys` module or NULL if it does not exist, without setting an exception.

int `PySys_SetObject`(const char *name, PyObject *v)

  Set name in the `sys` module to v unless v is NULL, in which case name is deleted from the sys module. Returns `0` on success, `-1` on error.

void `PySys_ResetWarnOptions`()

  Reset `sys.warnoptions` to an empty list.

void `PySys_AddWarnOption`(wchar_t *s)

  Append s to `sys.warnoptions`.

void `PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`( PyObject *unicode)

  Append unicode to `sys.warnoptions`.

void `PySys_SetPath`(wchar_t *path)

  Set `sys.path` to a list object of paths found in path which should be a list of paths separated with the platform’s search path delimiter (`:` on Unix, `;` on Windows).

void `PySys_WriteStdout`(const char *format, ...)

  Write the output string described by format to `sys.stdout`. No exceptions are raised, even if truncation occurs (see below).

  format should limit the total size of the formatted output string to 1000 bytes or less – after 1000 bytes, the output string is truncated. In particular, this means that no unrestricted “%s” formats should occur; these should be limited using “%.<N>s” where <N> is a decimal number calculated so that <N> plus the maximum size of other formatted text does not exceed 1000 bytes. Also watch out for “%f”, which can print hundreds of digits for very large numbers.

  If a problem occurs, or `sys.stdout` is unset, the formatted message is written to the real (C level) stdout.

void `PySys_WriteStderr`(const char *format, ...)

  As `PySys_WriteStdout()`, but write to `sys.stderr` or stderr instead.

void `PySys_FormatStdout`(const char *format, ...)

  Function similar to PySys_WriteStdout() but format the message using `PyUnicode_FromFormatV()` and don’t truncate the message to an arbitrary length.

  Novo na versão 3.2.

void `PySys_FormatStderr`(const char *format, ...)

  As `PySys_FormatStdout()`, but write to `sys.stderr` or stderr instead.

  Novo na versão 3.2.

void `PySys_AddXOption`(const wchar_t *s)

  Parse s as a set of `-X` options and add them to the current options mapping as returned by `PySys_GetXOptions()`.

  Novo na versão 3.2.

PyObject *`PySys_GetXOptions`()
  Return value: Borrowed reference.

  Return the current dictionary of `-X` options, similarly to `sys._xoptions`. On error, NULL is returned and an exception is set.

  Novo na versão 3.2.

# Process Control

void `Py_FatalError`(const char *message)

  Print a fatal error message and kill the process. No cleanup is performed. This function should only be invoked when a condition is detected that would make it dangerous to continue using the Python interpreter; e.g., when the object administration appears to be corrupted. On Unix, the standard C library function `abort()` is called which will attempt to produce a `core` file.

void `Py_Exit`(int status)

  Exit the current process. This calls `Py_FinalizeEx()` and then calls the standard C library function `exit(status)`. If `Py_FinalizeEx()` indicates an error, the exit status is set to 120.

  Alterado na versão 3.6: Errors from finalization no longer ignored.

int `Py_AtExit`(void (*func)())

  Register a cleanup function to be called by `Py_FinalizeEx()`. The cleanup function will be called with no arguments and should return no value. At most 32 cleanup functions can be registered. When the registration is successful, `Py_AtExit()` returns `0`; on failure, it returns `-1`. The cleanup function registered last is called first. Each cleanup function will be called at most once. Since Python’s internal finalization will have completed before the cleanup function, no Python APIs should be called by func.