# Estendendo e incorporando o interpretador Python

This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can do what Python code does – define functions, object types and methods – but also interact with native libraries or achieve better performance by avoiding the overhead of an interpreter. The document also describes how to embed the Python interpreter in another application, for use as an extension language. Finally, it shows how to compile and link extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature.

This document assumes basic knowledge about C and Python. For an informal introduction to Python, see O tutorial do Python. A Referência da Linguagem Python gives a more formal definition of the language. A Biblioteca Padrão do Python documents the existing object types, functions and modules (both built-in and written in Python) that give the language its wide application range.

Para uma descrição detalhada de toda a API Python/C, consulte o Manual de referência da API Python/C separado.

To support extensions, Python’s C API (Application Programmers Interface) defines a set of functions, macros and variables that provide access to most aspects of the Python run-time system. The Python API is incorporated in a C source file by including the header `"Python.h"`.

Nota

The C extension interface is specific to CPython, and extension modules do not work on other Python implementations. In many cases, it is possible to avoid writing C extensions and preserve portability to other implementations. For example, if your use case is calling C library functions or system calls, you should consider using the `ctypes` module or the cffi library rather than writing custom C code. These modules let you write Python code to interface with C code and are more portable between implementations of Python than writing and compiling a C extension module.

## Ferramentas de terceiros recomendadas

This document only covers the basic tools for creating extensions provided as part of this version of CPython. Some third party tools offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python.

While this document is aimed at extension authors, it should also be helpful to the authors of such tools. For example, the tutorial module can serve as a simple test case for a build tool or sample expected output of a code generator.

## C API Tutorial

This tutorial describes how to write a simple module in C or C++, using the Python C API – that is, using the basic tools provided as part of this version of CPython.

1. Your first C API extension module

## Guides for intermediate topics

Esta seção do guia aborda a criação de extensões C e C++ sem assistência de ferramentas de terceiros. Destina-se principalmente aos criadores dessas ferramentas, em vez de ser uma maneira recomendada de criar suas próprias extensões C.

- Using the C API: Assorted topics

- Definindo Tipos de Extensão: Tutorial

- Defining Extension Types: Assorted Topics

- Construindo extensões C e C++

- Construindo Extensões C e C++ no Windows

## Incorporando o tempo de execução do CPython em uma aplicação maior

Às vezes, em vez de criar uma extensão que é executada dentro do interpretador Python como a aplicação principal, é desejável incorporar o tempo de execução do CPython em uma aplicação maior. Esta seção aborda alguns dos detalhes envolvidos para fazer isso com êxito.

- Incorporando o Python numa Outra Aplicação