msvcrt — Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime

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These functions provide access to some useful capabilities on Windows platforms. Some higher-level modules use these functions to build the Windows implementations of their services. For example, the getpass module uses this in the implementation of the getpass() function.

Mais documentação sobre essas funções pode ser encontrada na documentação da API da plataforma.

O módulo implementa as variantes normal e ampla de caracteres da API de E/S do console. A API normal lida apenas com caracteres ASCII e é de uso limitado para aplicativos internacionalizados. A API ampla de caracteres deve ser usada sempre que possível.

Alterado na versão 3.3: As operações neste módulo agora levantam OSError onde IOError foi levantado.

Operações com arquivos

msvcrt.locking(fd, mode, nbytes)

Lock part of a file based on file descriptor fd from the C runtime. Raises OSError on failure. The locked region of the file extends from the current file position for nbytes bytes, and may continue beyond the end of the file. mode must be one of the LK_* constants listed below. Multiple regions in a file may be locked at the same time, but may not overlap. Adjacent regions are not merged; they must be unlocked individually.

Levanta um evento de auditoria msvcrt.locking com os argumentos fd, mode, nbytes.

msvcrt.LK_LOCK

msvcrt.LK_RLCK

Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked, the program immediately tries again after 1 second. If, after 10 attempts, the bytes cannot be locked, OSError is raised.

msvcrt.LK_NBLCK

msvcrt.LK_NBRLCK

Trava os bytes especificados. Se os bytes não puderem ser travados, uma exceção OSError é levantada.

msvcrt.LK_UNLCK

Destrava os bytes especificados, que devem ter sido travados anteriormente.

msvcrt.setmode(fd, flags)

Defina o modo de conversão de final de linha para o descritor de arquivo fd. Para configurá-lo no modo de texto, flags deve ser os.O_TEXT; para binário, deve ser os.O_BINARY.

msvcrt.open_osfhandle(handle, flags)

Create a C runtime file descriptor from the file handle handle. The flags parameter should be a bitwise OR of os.O_APPEND, os.O_RDONLY, os.O_TEXT and os.O_NOINHERIT. The returned file descriptor may be used as a parameter to os.fdopen() to create a file object.

The file descriptor is inheritable by default. Pass os.O_NOINHERIT flag to make it non inheritable.

Levanta um evento de auditoria msvcrt.open_osfhandle com os argumentos handle, flags.

msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fd)

Return the file handle for the file descriptor fd. Raises OSError if fd is not recognized.

Levanta um evento de auditoria msvcrt.get_osfhandle com o argumento fd.

E/S de console

msvcrt.kbhit()

Returns a nonzero value if a keypress is waiting to be read. Otherwise, return 0.

msvcrt.getch()

Read a keypress and return the resulting character as a byte string. Nothing is echoed to the console. This call will block if a keypress is not already available, but will not wait for Enter to be pressed. If the pressed key was a special function key, this will return '\000' or '\xe0'; the next call will return the keycode. The Control-C keypress cannot be read with this function.

msvcrt.getwch()

Variante com caractere largo de getch(), retornando um valor Unicode.

msvcrt.getche()

Similar to getch(), but the keypress will be echoed if it represents a printable character.

msvcrt.getwche()

Variante com caractere largo de getche(), retornando um valor Unicode.

msvcrt.putch(char)

Imprime a string de bytes char no console sem armazenar em buffer.

msvcrt.putwch(unicode_char)

Variante com caractere largo de putch(), retornando um valor Unicode.

msvcrt.ungetch(char)

Faz com que a string de bytes char seja “empurrada” para o buffer do console; será o próximo caractere lido por getch() ou getche().

msvcrt.ungetwch(unicode_char)

Variante com caractere largo de ungetch(), retornando um valor Unicode.

Outras funções

msvcrt.heapmin()

Força o heap malloc() a ser limpado e retorna os blocos não utilizados ao sistema operacional. Em caso de falha, isso levanta OSError.

msvcrt.set_error_mode(mode)

Changes the location where the C runtime writes an error message for an error that might end the program. mode must be one of the OUT_* constants listed below or REPORT_ERRMODE. Returns the old setting or -1 if an error occurs. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_DEFAULT

Error sink is determined by the app’s type. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_STDERR

Error sink is a standard error. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_MSGBOX

Error sink is a message box. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.REPORT_ERRMODE

Report the current error mode value. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.CrtSetReportMode(type, mode)

Specifies the destination or destinations for a specific report type generated by _CrtDbgReport() in the MS VC++ runtime. type must be one of the CRT_* constants listed below. mode must be one of the CRTDBG_* constants listed below. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.CrtSetReportFile(type, file)

After you use CrtSetReportMode() to specify CRTDBG_MODE_FILE, you can specify the file handle to receive the message text. type must be one of the CRT_* constants listed below. file should be the file handle your want specified. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.CRT_WARN

Warnings, messages, and information that doesn’t need immediate attention.

msvcrt.CRT_ERROR

Errors, unrecoverable problems, and issues that require immediate attention.

msvcrt.CRT_ASSERT

Assertion failures.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG

Writes the message to the debugger’s output window.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_FILE

Writes the message to a user-supplied file handle. CrtSetReportFile() should be called to define the specific file or stream to use as the destination.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_WNDW

Creates a message box to display the message along with the Abort, Retry, and Ignore buttons.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_REPORT_MODE

Returns current mode for the specified type.

msvcrt.CRT_ASSEMBLY_VERSION

A versão do CRT Assembly, do arquivo de cabeçalho crtassem.h.

msvcrt.VC_ASSEMBLY_PUBLICKEYTOKEN

O token da chave pública do VC Assembly, do arquivo de cabeçalho crtassem.h.

msvcrt.LIBRARIES_ASSEMBLY_NAME_PREFIX

O prefixo do nome de Libraries Assembly, do arquivo de cabeçalho crtassem.h.