zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives

Source code: Lib/zipimport.py

This module adds the ability to import Python modules (*.py, *.pyc) and packages from ZIP-format archives. It is usually not needed to use the zipimport module explicitly; it is automatically used by the built-in import mechanism for sys.path items that are paths to ZIP archives.

Typically, sys.path is a list of directory names as strings. This module also allows an item of sys.path to be a string naming a ZIP file archive. The ZIP archive can contain a subdirectory structure to support package imports, and a path within the archive can be specified to only import from a subdirectory. For example, the path example.zip/lib/ would only import from the lib/ subdirectory within the archive.

Any files may be present in the ZIP archive, but importers are only invoked for .py and .pyc files. ZIP import of dynamic modules (.pyd, .so) is disallowed. Note that if an archive only contains .py files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive by adding the corresponding .pyc file, meaning that if a ZIP archive doesn’t contain .pyc files, importing may be rather slow.

Alterado na versão 3.8: Previously, ZIP archives with an archive comment were not supported.

Ver também

PKZIP Application Note

Documentação do formato de arquivo ZIP feita por Phil Katz, criador do formato e dos algoritmos usados.

PEP 273 - Import Modules from Zip Archives

Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python 2.3 follows the specification in PEP 273, but uses an implementation written by Just van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in PEP 302.

importlib - The implementation of the import machinery

Package providing the relevant protocols for all importers to implement.

This module defines an exception:

exception zipimport.ZipImportError

Exception raised by zipimporter objects. It’s a subclass of ImportError, so it can be caught as ImportError, too.

zipimporter Objects

zipimporter is the class for importing ZIP files.

class zipimport.zipimporter(archivepath)

Create a new zipimporter instance. archivepath must be a path to a ZIP file, or to a specific path within a ZIP file. For example, an archivepath of foo/bar.zip/lib will look for modules in the lib directory inside the ZIP file foo/bar.zip (provided that it exists).

ZipImportError is raised if archivepath doesn’t point to a valid ZIP archive.

Alterado na versão 3.12: Methods find_loader() and find_module(), deprecated in 3.10 are now removed. Use find_spec() instead.

create_module(spec)

Implementation of importlib.abc.Loader.create_module() that returns None to explicitly request the default semantics.

Adicionado na versão 3.10.

exec_module(module)

Implementation of importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module().

Adicionado na versão 3.10.

find_spec(fullname, target=None)

An implementation of importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec().

Adicionado na versão 3.10.

get_code(fullname)

Return the code object for the specified module. Raise ZipImportError if the module couldn’t be imported.

get_data(pathname)

Return the data associated with pathname. Raise OSError if the file wasn’t found.

Alterado na versão 3.3: IOError costumava ser levantado, agora ele é um codinome para OSError.

get_filename(fullname)

Return the value __file__ would be set to if the specified module was imported. Raise ZipImportError if the module couldn’t be imported.

Adicionado na versão 3.1.

get_source(fullname)

Return the source code for the specified module. Raise ZipImportError if the module couldn’t be found, return None if the archive does contain the module, but has no source for it.

is_package(fullname)

Devolve True se o módulo especificado por fullname é um pacote. Levanta ZipImportError se o módulo não pode ser localizado.

load_module(fullname)

Load the module specified by fullname. fullname must be the fully qualified (dotted) module name. Returns the imported module on success, raises ZipImportError on failure.

Obsoleto desde a versão 3.10: Use exec_module().

invalidate_caches()

Clear out the internal cache of information about files found within the ZIP archive.

Adicionado na versão 3.10.

archive

The file name of the importer’s associated ZIP file, without a possible subpath.

prefix

The subpath within the ZIP file where modules are searched. This is the empty string for zipimporter objects which point to the root of the ZIP file.

The archive and prefix attributes, when combined with a slash, equal the original archivepath argument given to the zipimporter constructor.

Exemplos

Here is an example that imports a module from a ZIP archive - note that the zipimport module is not explicitly used.

$ unzip -l example.zip
Archive:  example.zip
  Length     Date   Time    Name
 --------    ----   ----    ----
     8467  11-26-02 22:30   jwzthreading.py
 --------                   -------
     8467                   1 file
$ ./python
Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path.insert(0, 'example.zip')  # Add .zip file to front of path
>>> import jwzthreading
>>> jwzthreading.__file__
'example.zip/jwzthreading.py'