"enum" --- Suporte a enumerações
********************************

Novo na versão 3.4.

**Código-fonte:** Lib/enum.py


Important
^^^^^^^^^

Esta página contêm informação de referência da API. Para tutorial e
discussão de tópicos mais avançados, consulte

* Tutorial básico

* Tutorial avançado

* Livro de receitas de enum

======================================================================

Uma enumeração:

* é um conjunto de nomes simbólicos (membros) vinculados a valores
  únicos

* pode ser iterado para retornar seus membros canônicos (ou seja, não
  incluindo apelidos) na ordem de definição

* usa a sintaxe *call* para retornar membros por valor

* usa a sintaxe *index* para retornar membros por nome

As enumerações são criadas usando a sintaxe de "class" ou usando a
sintaxe de chamada de função:

   >>> from enum import Enum

   >>> # class syntax
   >>> class Color(Enum):
   ...     RED = 1
   ...     GREEN = 2
   ...     BLUE = 3

   >>> # functional syntax
   >>> Color = Enum('Color', ['RED', 'GREEN', 'BLUE'])

Embora possamos usar a sintaxe "class" para criar Enums, Enums não são
classes Python normais. Veja Como Enums são diferentes? para mais
detalhes.

Nota:

  Nomenclatura

  * A classe "Color" é uma *enumeração* (ou *enum*)

  * Os atributos "Color.RED", "Color.GREEN", etc., são *membros de
    enumeração* (ou *membros*) e são constantes funcionalmente.

  * Os membros enum têm *nomes* e *valores* (o nome de "Color.RED" é
    "RED", o valor de "Color.BLUE" é "3", etc.)

======================================================================


Conteúdo do módulo
==================

   "EnumType"

      O "type" para Enum e suas subclasses.

   "Enum"

      Classe base para criação de constantes enumeradas.

   "IntEnum"

      Classe base para criar constantes enumeradas que também são
      subclasses de "int". (Notas)

   "StrEnum"

      Classe base para criar constantes enumeradas que também são
      subclasses de "str". (Notas)

   "Flag"

      Classe base para criar constantes enumeradas que podem ser
      combinadas usando operações bit a bit sem perder sua associação
      "Flag".

   "IntFlag"

      Classe base para criar constantes enumeradas que podem ser
      combinadas usando operadores bit a bit sem perder sua associação
      "IntFlag". Membros de "IntFlag" também são subclasses de "int".
      (Notas)

   "ReprEnum"

      Usado por "IntEnum", "StrEnum" e "IntFlag" para manter o "str()"
      do tipo misto.

   "EnumCheck"

      Uma enumeração com os valores "CONTINUOUS", "NAMED_FLAGS" e
      "UNIQUE", para uso com "verify()" para garantir que várias
      restrições sejam atendidas por uma determinada enumeração.

   "FlagBoundary"

      Uma enumeração com os valores "STRICT", "CONFORM", "EJECT" e
      "KEEP" que permite um controle mais refinado sobre como valores
      inválidos são tratados em uma enumeração.

   "auto"

      As instâncias são substituídas por um valor apropriado para
      membros Enum. "StrEnum" assume como padrão a versão em
      minúsculas do nome do membro, enquanto outros Enums assumem como
      padrão 1 e aumentam a partir daí.

   "property()"

      Allows "Enum" members to have attributes without conflicting
      with member names.

   "unique()"

      Decorador de classe Enum que garante que apenas um nome seja
      vinculado a cada valor.

   "verify()"

      Decorador de classe Enum que verifica restrições selecionáveis
      pelo usuário em uma enumeração.

   "member()"

      Torna "obj" um membro. Pode ser usado como um decorador.

   "nonmember()"

      Não torna "obj" um membro. Pode ser usado como um decorador.

   "global_enum()"

      Modifica "str()" e "repr()" de uma enumeração para mostrar seus
      membros como pertencentes ao módulo em vez de sua classe, e
      exporta os membros da enumeração para o espaço de nomes global.

   "show_flag_values()"

      Retorna uma lista de todos os inteiros de potência de dois
      contidos em um sinalizador.

Novo na versão 3.6: "Flag", "IntFlag", "auto"

Novo na versão 3.11: "StrEnum", "EnumCheck", "ReprEnum",
"FlagBoundary", "property", "member", "nonmember", "global_enum",
"show_flag_values"

======================================================================


Tipos de Dados
==============

class enum.EnumType

   *EnumType* é a *metaclasse* para enumerações *enum*. É possível
   criar subclasse de *EnumType* -- veja Criando subclasses de
   EnumType para detalhes.

   *EnumType* is responsible for setting the correct "__repr__()",
   "__str__()", "__format__()", and "__reduce__()" methods on the
   final *enum*, as well as creating the enum members, properly
   handling duplicates, providing iteration over the enum class, etc.

   __call__(cls, value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)

      This method is called in two different ways:

      * to look up an existing member:

           cls:
              The enum class being called.

           valor:
              The value to lookup.

      * to use the "cls" enum to create a new enum (only if the
        existing enum does not have any members):

           cls:
              The enum class being called.

           valor:
              The name of the new Enum to create.

           nomes:
              The names/values of the members for the new Enum.

           módulo:
              The name of the module the new Enum is created in.

           qualname:
              The actual location in the module where this Enum can be
              found.

           tipo:
              A mix-in type for the new Enum.

           start:
              The first integer value for the Enum (used by "auto").

           boundary:
              How to handle out-of-range values from bit operations
              ("Flag" only).

   __contains__(cls, member)

      Returns "True" if member belongs to the "cls":

         >>> some_var = Color.RED
         >>> some_var in Color
         True

      Nota:

        In Python 3.12 it will be possible to check for member values
        and not just members; until then, a "TypeError" will be raised
        if a non-Enum-member is used in a containment check.

   __dir__(cls)

      Returns "['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__']"
      and the names of the members in *cls*:

         >>> dir(Color)
         ['BLUE', 'GREEN', 'RED', '__class__', '__contains__', '__doc__', '__getitem__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__len__', '__members__', '__module__', '__name__', '__qualname__']

   __getattr__(cls, name)

      Returns the Enum member in *cls* matching *name*, or raises an
      "AttributeError":

         >>> Color.GREEN
         <Color.GREEN: 2>

   __getitem__(cls, name)

      Returns the Enum member in *cls* matching *name*, or raises a
      "KeyError":

         >>> Color['BLUE']
         <Color.BLUE: 3>

   __iter__(cls)

      Returns each member in *cls* in definition order:

         >>> list(Color)
         [<Color.RED: 1>, <Color.GREEN: 2>, <Color.BLUE: 3>]

   __len__(cls)

      Returns the number of member in *cls*:

         >>> len(Color)
         3

   __reversed__(cls)

      Returns each member in *cls* in reverse definition order:

         >>> list(reversed(Color))
         [<Color.BLUE: 3>, <Color.GREEN: 2>, <Color.RED: 1>]

   Novo na versão 3.11: Before 3.11 "enum" used "EnumMeta" type, which
   is kept as an alias.

class enum.Enum

   *Enum* is the base class for all *enum* enumerations.

   name

      The name used to define the "Enum" member:

         >>> Color.BLUE.name
         'BLUE'

   value

      The value given to the "Enum" member:

         >>> Color.RED.value
         1

      Value of the member, can be set in "__new__()".

      Nota:

        Enum member valuesMember values can be anything: "int", "str",
        etc.  If the exact value is unimportant you may use "auto"
        instances and an appropriate value will be chosen for you.
        See "auto" for the details.While mutable/unhashable values,
        such as "dict", "list" or a mutable "dataclass", can be used,
        they will have a quadratic performance impact during creation
        relative to the total number of mutable/unhashable values in
        the enum.

   _name_

      Name of the member.

   _value_

      Value of the member, can be set in "__new__()".

   _order_

      No longer used, kept for backward compatibility. (class
      attribute, removed during class creation).

   _ignore_

      "_ignore_" is only used during creation and is removed from the
      enumeration once creation is complete.

      "_ignore_" is a list of names that will not become members, and
      whose names will also be removed from the completed enumeration.
      See TimePeriod for an example.

   __dir__(self)

      Returns "['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name',
      'value']" and any public methods defined on *self.__class__*:

         >>> from datetime import date
         >>> class Weekday(Enum):
         ...     MONDAY = 1
         ...     TUESDAY = 2
         ...     WEDNESDAY = 3
         ...     THURSDAY = 4
         ...     FRIDAY = 5
         ...     SATURDAY = 6
         ...     SUNDAY = 7
         ...     @classmethod
         ...     def today(cls):
         ...         print('today is %s' % cls(date.today().isoweekday()).name)
         >>> dir(Weekday.SATURDAY)
         ['__class__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__hash__', '__module__', 'name', 'today', 'value']

   _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values)

         nome:
            The name of the member being defined (e.g. 'RED').

         start:
            The start value for the Enum; the default is 1.

         count:
            The number of members currently defined, not including
            this one.

         last_values:
            A list of the previous values.

      A *staticmethod* that is used to determine the next value
      returned by "auto":

         >>> from enum import auto
         >>> class PowersOfThree(Enum):
         ...     @staticmethod
         ...     def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):
         ...         return 3 ** (count + 1)
         ...     FIRST = auto()
         ...     SECOND = auto()
         >>> PowersOfThree.SECOND.value
         9

   __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds)

      A *classmethod* that is used to further configure subsequent
      subclasses. By default, does nothing.

   _missing_(cls, value)

      A *classmethod* for looking up values not found in *cls*.  By
      default it does nothing, but can be overridden to implement
      custom search behavior:

         >>> from enum import StrEnum
         >>> class Build(StrEnum):
         ...     DEBUG = auto()
         ...     OPTIMIZED = auto()
         ...     @classmethod
         ...     def _missing_(cls, value):
         ...         value = value.lower()
         ...         for member in cls:
         ...             if member.value == value:
         ...                 return member
         ...         return None
         >>> Build.DEBUG.value
         'debug'
         >>> Build('deBUG')
         <Build.DEBUG: 'debug'>

   __repr__(self)

      Returns the string used for *repr()* calls.  By default, returns
      the *Enum* name, member name, and value, but can be overridden:

         >>> class OtherStyle(Enum):
         ...     ALTERNATE = auto()
         ...     OTHER = auto()
         ...     SOMETHING_ELSE = auto()
         ...     def __repr__(self):
         ...         cls_name = self.__class__.__name__
         ...         return f'{cls_name}.{self.name}'
         >>> OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, str(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE), f"{OtherStyle.ALTERNATE}"
         (OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE', 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE')

   __str__(self)

      Returns the string used for *str()* calls.  By default, returns
      the *Enum* name and member name, but can be overridden:

         >>> class OtherStyle(Enum):
         ...     ALTERNATE = auto()
         ...     OTHER = auto()
         ...     SOMETHING_ELSE = auto()
         ...     def __str__(self):
         ...         return f'{self.name}'
         >>> OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, str(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE), f"{OtherStyle.ALTERNATE}"
         (<OtherStyle.ALTERNATE: 1>, 'ALTERNATE', 'ALTERNATE')

   __format__(self)

      Returns the string used for *format()* and *f-string* calls.  By
      default, returns "__str__()" return value, but can be
      overridden:

         >>> class OtherStyle(Enum):
         ...     ALTERNATE = auto()
         ...     OTHER = auto()
         ...     SOMETHING_ELSE = auto()
         ...     def __format__(self, spec):
         ...         return f'{self.name}'
         >>> OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, str(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE), f"{OtherStyle.ALTERNATE}"
         (<OtherStyle.ALTERNATE: 1>, 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE', 'ALTERNATE')

   Nota:

     Using "auto" with "Enum" results in integers of increasing value,
     starting with "1".

class enum.IntEnum

   *IntEnum* is the same as *Enum*, but its members are also integers
   and can be used anywhere that an integer can be used.  If any
   integer operation is performed with an *IntEnum* member, the
   resulting value loses its enumeration status.

   >>> from enum import IntEnum
   >>> class Number(IntEnum):
   ...     ONE = 1
   ...     TWO = 2
   ...     THREE = 3
   ...
   >>> Number.THREE
   <Number.THREE: 3>
   >>> Number.ONE + Number.TWO
   3
   >>> Number.THREE + 5
   8
   >>> Number.THREE == 3
   True

   Nota:

     Using "auto" with "IntEnum" results in integers of increasing
     value, starting with "1".

   Alterado na versão 3.11: "__str__()" is now "int.__str__()" to
   better support the *replacement of existing constants* use-case.
   "__format__()" was already "int.__format__()" for that same reason.

class enum.StrEnum

   *StrEnum* is the same as *Enum*, but its members are also strings
   and can be used in most of the same places that a string can be
   used.  The result of any string operation performed on or with a
   *StrEnum* member is not part of the enumeration.

   Nota:

     There are places in the stdlib that check for an exact "str"
     instead of a "str" subclass (i.e. "type(unknown) == str" instead
     of "isinstance(unknown, str)"), and in those locations you will
     need to use "str(StrEnum.member)".

   Nota:

     Using "auto" with "StrEnum" results in the lower-cased member
     name as the value.

   Nota:

     "__str__()" is "str.__str__()" to better support the *replacement
     of existing constants* use-case.  "__format__()" is likewise
     "str.__format__()" for that same reason.

   Novo na versão 3.11.

class enum.Flag

   *Flag* members support the bitwise operators "&" (*AND*), "|"
   (*OR*), "^" (*XOR*), and "~" (*INVERT*); the results of those
   operators are members of the enumeration.

   __contains__(self, value)

      Returns *True* if value is in self:

         >>> from enum import Flag, auto
         >>> class Color(Flag):
         ...     RED = auto()
         ...     GREEN = auto()
         ...     BLUE = auto()
         >>> purple = Color.RED | Color.BLUE
         >>> white = Color.RED | Color.GREEN | Color.BLUE
         >>> Color.GREEN in purple
         False
         >>> Color.GREEN in white
         True
         >>> purple in white
         True
         >>> white in purple
         False

   __iter__(self):

      Returns all contained non-alias members:

         >>> list(Color.RED)
         [<Color.RED: 1>]
         >>> list(purple)
         [<Color.RED: 1>, <Color.BLUE: 4>]

      Novo na versão 3.11.

   __len__(self):

      Returns number of members in flag:

         >>> len(Color.GREEN)
         1
         >>> len(white)
         3

   __bool__(self):

      Returns *True* if any members in flag, *False* otherwise:

         >>> bool(Color.GREEN)
         True
         >>> bool(white)
         True
         >>> black = Color(0)
         >>> bool(black)
         False

   __or__(self, other)

      Returns current flag binary or'ed with other:

         >>> Color.RED | Color.GREEN
         <Color.RED|GREEN: 3>

   __and__(self, other)

      Returns current flag binary and'ed with other:

         >>> purple & white
         <Color.RED|BLUE: 5>
         >>> purple & Color.GREEN
         <Color: 0>

   __xor__(self, other)

      Returns current flag binary xor'ed with other:

         >>> purple ^ white
         <Color.GREEN: 2>
         >>> purple ^ Color.GREEN
         <Color.RED|GREEN|BLUE: 7>

   __invert__(self):

      Returns all the flags in *type(self)* that are not in self:

         >>> ~white
         <Color: 0>
         >>> ~purple
         <Color.GREEN: 2>
         >>> ~Color.RED
         <Color.GREEN|BLUE: 6>

   _numeric_repr_()

      Function used to format any remaining unnamed numeric values.
      Default is the value's repr; common choices are "hex()" and
      "oct()".

   Nota:

     Using "auto" with "Flag" results in integers that are powers of
     two, starting with "1".

   Alterado na versão 3.11: The *repr()* of zero-valued flags has
   changed.  It is now::

   >>> Color(0) 
   <Color: 0>

class enum.IntFlag

   *IntFlag* is the same as *Flag*, but its members are also integers
   and can be used anywhere that an integer can be used.

   >>> from enum import IntFlag, auto
   >>> class Color(IntFlag):
   ...     RED = auto()
   ...     GREEN = auto()
   ...     BLUE = auto()
   >>> Color.RED & 2
   <Color: 0>
   >>> Color.RED | 2
   <Color.RED|GREEN: 3>

   If any integer operation is performed with an *IntFlag* member, the
   result is not an *IntFlag*:

      >>> Color.RED + 2
      3

   If a *Flag* operation is performed with an *IntFlag* member and:

   * the result is a valid *IntFlag*: an *IntFlag* is returned

   * the result is not a valid *IntFlag*: the result depends on the
     *FlagBoundary* setting

   The *repr()* of unnamed zero-valued flags has changed.  It is now:

   >>> Color(0)
   <Color: 0>

   Nota:

     Using "auto" with "IntFlag" results in integers that are powers
     of two, starting with "1".

   Alterado na versão 3.11: "__str__()" is now "int.__str__()" to
   better support the *replacement of existing constants* use-case.
   "__format__()" was already "int.__format__()" for that same
   reason.Inversion of an "IntFlag" now returns a positive value that
   is the union of all flags not in the given flag, rather than a
   negative value. This matches the existing "Flag" behavior.

class enum.ReprEnum

   "ReprEnum" uses the "repr()" of "Enum", but the "str()" of the
   mixed-in data type:

   * "int.__str__()" for "IntEnum" and "IntFlag"

   * "str.__str__()" for "StrEnum"

   Inherit from "ReprEnum" to keep the "str()" / "format()" of the
   mixed-in data type instead of using the "Enum"-default "str()".

   Novo na versão 3.11.

class enum.EnumCheck

   *EnumCheck* contains the options used by the "verify()" decorator
   to ensure various constraints; failed constraints result in a
   "ValueError".

   UNIQUE

      Ensure that each value has only one name:

         >>> from enum import Enum, verify, UNIQUE
         >>> @verify(UNIQUE)
         ... class Color(Enum):
         ...     RED = 1
         ...     GREEN = 2
         ...     BLUE = 3
         ...     CRIMSON = 1
         Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
         ValueError: aliases found in <enum 'Color'>: CRIMSON -> RED

   CONTINUOUS

      Ensure that there are no missing values between the lowest-
      valued member and the highest-valued member:

         >>> from enum import Enum, verify, CONTINUOUS
         >>> @verify(CONTINUOUS)
         ... class Color(Enum):
         ...     RED = 1
         ...     GREEN = 2
         ...     BLUE = 5
         Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
         ValueError: invalid enum 'Color': missing values 3, 4

   NAMED_FLAGS

      Ensure that any flag groups/masks contain only named flags --
      useful when values are specified instead of being generated by
      "auto()":

         >>> from enum import Flag, verify, NAMED_FLAGS
         >>> @verify(NAMED_FLAGS)
         ... class Color(Flag):
         ...     RED = 1
         ...     GREEN = 2
         ...     BLUE = 4
         ...     WHITE = 15
         ...     NEON = 31
         Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
         ValueError: invalid Flag 'Color': aliases WHITE and NEON are missing combined values of 0x18 [use enum.show_flag_values(value) for details]

   Nota:

     CONTINUOUS and NAMED_FLAGS are designed to work with integer-
     valued members.

   Novo na versão 3.11.

class enum.FlagBoundary

   *FlagBoundary* controls how out-of-range values are handled in
   *Flag* and its subclasses.

   STRICT

      Out-of-range values cause a "ValueError" to be raised. This is
      the default for "Flag":

         >>> from enum import Flag, STRICT, auto
         >>> class StrictFlag(Flag, boundary=STRICT):
         ...     RED = auto()
         ...     GREEN = auto()
         ...     BLUE = auto()
         >>> StrictFlag(2**2 + 2**4)
         Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
         ValueError: <flag 'StrictFlag'> invalid value 20
             given 0b0 10100
           allowed 0b0 00111

   CONFORM

      Out-of-range values have invalid values removed, leaving a valid
      *Flag* value:

         >>> from enum import Flag, CONFORM, auto
         >>> class ConformFlag(Flag, boundary=CONFORM):
         ...     RED = auto()
         ...     GREEN = auto()
         ...     BLUE = auto()
         >>> ConformFlag(2**2 + 2**4)
         <ConformFlag.BLUE: 4>

   EJECT

      Out-of-range values lose their *Flag* membership and revert to
      "int".

      >>> from enum import Flag, EJECT, auto
      >>> class EjectFlag(Flag, boundary=EJECT):
      ...     RED = auto()
      ...     GREEN = auto()
      ...     BLUE = auto()
      >>> EjectFlag(2**2 + 2**4)
      20

   KEEP

      Out-of-range values are kept, and the *Flag* membership is kept.
      This is the default for "IntFlag":

         >>> from enum import Flag, KEEP, auto
         >>> class KeepFlag(Flag, boundary=KEEP):
         ...     RED = auto()
         ...     GREEN = auto()
         ...     BLUE = auto()
         >>> KeepFlag(2**2 + 2**4)
         <KeepFlag.BLUE|16: 20>

Novo na versão 3.11.

======================================================================


Nomes "__dunder__" suportados
-----------------------------

"__members__" is a read-only ordered mapping of "member_name":"member"
items.  It is only available on the class.

"__new__()", if specified, must create and return the enum members; it
is also a very good idea to set the member's "_value_" appropriately.
Once all the members are created it is no longer used.


Nomes "_sunder_" suportados
---------------------------

* "_name_" -- name of the member

* "_value_" -- value of the member; can be set in "__new__"

* "_missing_()" -- a lookup function used when a value is not found;
  may be overridden

* "_ignore_" -- a list of names, either as a "list" or a "str", that
  will not be transformed into members, and will be removed from the
  final class

* "_order_" -- no longer used, kept for backward compatibility (class
  attribute, removed during class creation)

* "_generate_next_value_()" -- used to get an appropriate value for an
  enum member; may be overridden

  Nota:

    Para classes "Enum" padrão, o próximo valor escolhido é o último
    valor visto incrementado em um.Para as classes "Flag" o próximo
    valor escolhido será a próxima potência de dois mais alta,
    independentemente do último valor visto.

Novo na versão 3.6: "_missing_", "_order_", "_generate_next_value_"

Novo na versão 3.7: "_ignore_"

======================================================================


Utilities and Decorators
========================

class enum.auto

   *auto* can be used in place of a value.  If used, the *Enum*
   machinery will call an *Enum*'s "_generate_next_value_()" to get an
   appropriate value. For *Enum* and *IntEnum* that appropriate value
   will be the last value plus one; for *Flag* and *IntFlag* it will
   be the first power-of-two greater than the highest value; for
   *StrEnum* it will be the lower-cased version of the member's name.
   Care must be taken if mixing *auto()* with manually specified
   values.

   *auto* instances are only resolved when at the top level of an
   assignment:

   * "FIRST = auto()" will work (auto() is replaced with "1");

   * "SECOND = auto(), -2" will work (auto is replaced with "2", so
     "2, -2" is used to create the "SECOND" enum member;

   * "THREE = [auto(), -3]" will *not* work ("<auto instance>, -3" is
     used to create the "THREE" enum member)

   Alterado na versão 3.11.1: In prior versions, "auto()" had to be
   the only thing on the assignment line to work properly.

   "_generate_next_value_" can be overridden to customize the values
   used by *auto*.

   Nota:

     in 3.13 the default "_generate_next_value_" will always return
     the highest member value incremented by 1, and will fail if any
     member is an incompatible type.

@enum.property

   A decorator similar to the built-in *property*, but specifically
   for enumerations.  It allows member attributes to have the same
   names as members themselves.

   Nota:

     the *property* and the member must be defined in separate
     classes; for example, the *value* and *name* attributes are
     defined in the *Enum* class, and *Enum* subclasses can define
     members with the names "value" and "name".

   Novo na versão 3.11.

@enum.unique

   A "class" decorator specifically for enumerations.  It searches an
   enumeration's "__members__", gathering any aliases it finds; if any
   are found "ValueError" is raised with the details:

      >>> from enum import Enum, unique
      >>> @unique
      ... class Mistake(Enum):
      ...     ONE = 1
      ...     TWO = 2
      ...     THREE = 3
      ...     FOUR = 3
      ...
      Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
      ValueError: duplicate values found in <enum 'Mistake'>: FOUR -> THREE

@enum.verify

   A "class" decorator specifically for enumerations.  Members from
   "EnumCheck" are used to specify which constraints should be checked
   on the decorated enumeration.

   Novo na versão 3.11.

@enum.member

   A decorator for use in enums: its target will become a member.

   Novo na versão 3.11.

@enum.nonmember

   A decorator for use in enums: its target will not become a member.

   Novo na versão 3.11.

@enum.global_enum

   A decorator to change the "str()" and "repr()" of an enum to show
   its members as belonging to the module instead of its class. Should
   only be used when the enum members are exported to the module
   global namespace (see "re.RegexFlag" for an example).

   Novo na versão 3.11.

enum.show_flag_values(value)

   Return a list of all power-of-two integers contained in a flag
   *value*.

   Novo na versão 3.11.

======================================================================


Notas
=====

"IntEnum", "StrEnum", and "IntFlag"

   These three enum types are designed to be drop-in replacements for
   existing integer- and string-based values; as such, they have extra
   limitations:

   * "__str__" uses the value and not the name of the enum member

   * "__format__", because it uses "__str__", will also use the value
     of the enum member instead of its name

   If you do not need/want those limitations, you can either create
   your own base class by mixing in the "int" or "str" type yourself:

      >>> from enum import Enum
      >>> class MyIntEnum(int, Enum):
      ...     pass

   or you can reassign the appropriate "str()", etc., in your enum:

      >>> from enum import Enum, IntEnum
      >>> class MyIntEnum(IntEnum):
      ...     __str__ = Enum.__str__
