"logging" --- Recurso de utilização do Logging para Python
**********************************************************

**Código-fonte:** Lib/logging/__init__.py


Important
^^^^^^^^^

Esta página contêm informação de referência da API. Para tutorial e
discussão de tópicos mais avançados, consulte

* Tutorial básico

* Tutorial avançado

* Livro de receitas de logging

======================================================================

Este módulo define funções e classes que implementam um registro
flexível de eventos de sistema para aplicações e bibliotecas.

O principal benefício de ter a API de registro de eventos a partir de
um módulo da biblioteca padrão é que todos os módulos Python podem
participar no registro de eventos, de forma que sua aplicação pode
incluir suas próprias mensagens, integradas com mensagens de módulos
de terceiros.

O exemplo mais simples:

   >>> import logging
   >>> logging.warning('Watch out!')
   WARNING:root:Watch out!

O módulo provê várias funcionalidades e flexibilidade. Se você não
está familiarizado com registro de eventos, a melhor maneira para se
ter uma noção sobre é ver os tutoriais (**veja os links acima e à
direita**).

As classes básicas definidas no módulo, juntamente com suas funções,
são listadas abaixo.

* Loggers expõem a interface que o código da aplicação usa
  diretamente.

* Handlers enviam os registros do evento (criados por loggers) aos
  destinos apropriados.

* Filters fornecem uma facilidade granular para determinar quais
  registros de eventos enviar à saída.

* Formatters especificam o layout dos registros de eventos na saída
  final.


Objetos Logger
==============

Registradores têm os atributos e métodos a seguir. Observem que
registradores *NUNCA* devem ser instanciados diretamente, mas sempre
através da função "logging.getLogger(name)". Múltiplas chamadas à
função "getLogger()" com o mesmo nome sempre retornará uma referência
para o mesmo objeto Logger.

O "name" é, potencialmente, um valor hierárquico separado por ponto,
como "foo.bar.baz" (embora também possa ser simplesmente "foo", por
exemplo). Loggers que estão mais abaixo na lista hierárquica são
filhos de loggers que estão acima na lista. Por exemplo, dado um
logger com nome "foo", loggers com nomes de "foo.bar", "foo.bar.baz",
e "foo.bam" são todos descendentes de "foo". A hierarquia do nome do
logger é análoga à dos pacotes Python, e idêntica a esses, se você
organizar seus loggers baseado nos módulos, usando a construção
recomendada "logging.getLogger(__name__)". Isso porque num módulo,
"__name__" é o nome do módulo no espaço de nomes do pacote Python.

class logging.Logger

   propagate

      Se este atributo for verdadeiro, os eventos registrados nesse
      registrador serão transmitidos aos tratadores dos registradores
      de nível mais alto (ancestrais), além de quaisquer tratadores
      anexados a esse registrador. As mensagens são passadas
      diretamente para os tratadores dos registradores ancestrais -
      nem o nível nem os filtros dos registradores ancestrais em
      questão são considerados.

      Se o valor for falso, as mensagens de registro não serão
      passadas para os tratadores de registradores ancestrais.

      Explicando com um exemplo: se o atributo propagate do
      registrador chamado "A.B.C" for avaliado como verdadeiro,
      qualquer evento registrado em "A.B.C" pela chamada de métodos
      como "logging.getLogger('A.B.C').error(...)" será [sujeito à
      passagem das configurações de filtro e nível do registrador]
      passado por sua vez para qualquer tratador ligado aos
      registradores nomeados "A.B", "A" e ao registrador raiz, após
      ser passado para qualquer tratador ligado ao "A.B.C". Se
      qualquer registrador na cadeia "A.B.C", "A.B", "A" tem o
      atributo "propagate" definido como falso, então esse será o
      último registrador cujos tratadores terão os eventos oferecidos
      para serem tratados e a propagação terminará naquele ponto.

      O construtor atribui este valor como "True".

      Nota:

        Se você configurar um tratador para o registrador *e* um ou
        mais dos ancestrais, pode acontecer que a mesma mensagem seja
        registrada várias vezes. Em geral, você não precisa configurar
        saídas para mais que um registrador - se você configurar
        apenas para o registrador principal da hierarquia, então todos
        os eventos dos registradores descendentes serão visualizados
        ali, fornecido pela configuração de propagação, cujo padrão é
        "True". Um cenário comum é configurar as saídas somente no
        registrador raiz, e deixar a propagação tomar conta do resto.

   setLevel(level)

      Ajuste o limite para este logger para *level*. Mensagens de
      registro de eventos que forem menos severas que este *level*
      serão ignoradas; mensagens que tenham nível de severidade igual
      ou maior que *level* serão emitidas para os destinos de saída
      configurados para o logger, a menos que o nível da saída tenha
      sido configurado para uma severidade ainda maior.

      Quando um logger é criado, o nível é definido como "NOTSET" (que
      faz com que todas as mensagens sejam processadas quando o logger
      for o logger raiz, ou delegação para o pai quando o logger não
      for um logger raiz). Observe que o logger raiz é criado com
      nível "WARNING".

      O termo "delegação ao pai" significa que o logger possui um
      nível de NOTSET, e a sua cadeia de loggers ancestrais será
      percorrida até que um ancestral com o nível diferente de NOTSET
      seja encontrado ou até a raiz ser alcançada.

      Se um ancestral for achado com um nível diferente de NOTSET,
      então o nível daquele ancestral será tratado como o nível
      efetivo do logger que começou a busca por ancestrais, e é usado
      para determinar como um registro de evento será manipulado.

      Se a raiz é alcançada e o seu nível é NOTSET, então todas as
      mensagens serão processadas. Caso contrário, o nível da raiz
      será usada como o nível efetivo.

      Veja Níveis de Logging para uma lista de níveis.

      Alterado na versão 3.2: O parâmetro *level* agora é aceito como
      uma string representando o nível tal qual 'INFO', como uma
      alternativa as constantes inteiras tal qual "INFO". Note,
      entretanto, que os níveis são guardados internamente como
      inteiros e os métodos como, por exemplo, "getEffectiveLevel()" e
      "isEnabledFor()" retornarão/esperarão que sejam passados
      inteiros.

   isEnabledFor(level)

      Indica se a mensagem com gravidade *level* seria processada por
      esse logger. Esse método checa primeiro o nível à nível de
      módulo definido por "logging.disable(level)" e então o nível
      efetivo do logger como determinado por "getEffectiveLevel()".

   getEffectiveLevel()

      Indica o nível efeito para esse logger. Se um valor diferente de
      "NOTSET" foi definido usando "setLevel()", ele é retornado. Caso
      contrário, a hierarquia é percorrida em direção a raiz até um
      valor diferente de "NOTSET" ser encontrado e então esse valor é
      retornado. O valor retornado é um inteiro, tipicamento um entre
      "logging.DEBUG", "logging.INFO" etc

   getChild(suffix)

      Retorna um logger que é descendente deste logger, como
      determinado pelo sufixo. Portanto,
      "logging.getLogger('abc').getChild('def.ghi')" retornaria o
      mesmo logger que seria retornado por
      "logging.getLogger('abc.def.ghi')". Esse é um método de
      conveniência, útil quando o logger pai é nomeado usando, por
      exemplo "__name__" ao invés de uma string literal.

      Novo na versão 3.2.

   debug(msg, *args, **kwargs)

      Logs a message with level "DEBUG" on this logger. The *msg* is
      the message format string, and the *args* are the arguments
      which are merged into *msg* using the string formatting
      operator. (Note that this means that you can use keywords in the
      format string, together with a single dictionary argument.) No %
      formatting operation is performed on *msg* when no *args* are
      supplied.

      Existem quatro argumentos nomeados em *kwargs* que serão
      inspecionados: *exc_info*, *stack_info*, *stacklevel* e *extra*.

      If *exc_info* does not evaluate as false, it causes exception
      information to be added to the logging message. If an exception
      tuple (in the format returned by "sys.exc_info()") or an
      exception instance is provided, it is used; otherwise,
      "sys.exc_info()" is called to get the exception information.

      The second optional keyword argument is *stack_info*, which
      defaults to "False". If true, stack information is added to the
      logging message, including the actual logging call. Note that
      this is not the same stack information as that displayed through
      specifying *exc_info*: The former is stack frames from the
      bottom of the stack up to the logging call in the current
      thread, whereas the latter is information about stack frames
      which have been unwound, following an exception, while searching
      for exception handlers.

      You can specify *stack_info* independently of *exc_info*, e.g.
      to just show how you got to a certain point in your code, even
      when no exceptions were raised. The stack frames are printed
      following a header line which says:

         Stack (most recent call last):

      Isso imita o "Traceback (most recent call last):" que é usado ao
      exibir quadros de exceção.

      The third optional keyword argument is *stacklevel*, which
      defaults to "1". If greater than 1, the corresponding number of
      stack frames are skipped when computing the line number and
      function name set in the "LogRecord" created for the logging
      event. This can be used in logging helpers so that the function
      name, filename and line number recorded are not the information
      for the helper function/method, but rather its caller. The name
      of this parameter mirrors the equivalent one in the "warnings"
      module.

      The fourth keyword argument is *extra* which can be used to pass
      a dictionary which is used to populate the __dict__ of the
      "LogRecord" created for the logging event with user-defined
      attributes. These custom attributes can then be used as you
      like. For example, they could be incorporated into logged
      messages. For example:

         FORMAT = '%(asctime)s %(clientip)-15s %(user)-8s %(message)s'
         logging.basicConfig(format=FORMAT)
         d = {'clientip': '192.168.0.1', 'user': 'fbloggs'}
         logger = logging.getLogger('tcpserver')
         logger.warning('Protocol problem: %s', 'connection reset', extra=d)

      imprimiria algo como

         2006-02-08 22:20:02,165 192.168.0.1 fbloggs  Protocol problem: connection reset

      The keys in the dictionary passed in *extra* should not clash
      with the keys used by the logging system. (See the section on
      Atributos LogRecord for more information on which keys are used
      by the logging system.)

      If you choose to use these attributes in logged messages, you
      need to exercise some care. In the above example, for instance,
      the "Formatter" has been set up with a format string which
      expects 'clientip' and 'user' in the attribute dictionary of the
      "LogRecord". If these are missing, the message will not be
      logged because a string formatting exception will occur. So in
      this case, you always need to pass the *extra* dictionary with
      these keys.

      While this might be annoying, this feature is intended for use
      in specialized circumstances, such as multi-threaded servers
      where the same code executes in many contexts, and interesting
      conditions which arise are dependent on this context (such as
      remote client IP address and authenticated user name, in the
      above example). In such circumstances, it is likely that
      specialized "Formatter"s would be used with particular
      "Handler"s.

      Se nenhum tratador esta ligado à este logger (ou nenhum de seus
      ancestrais, levando em consideração os atributos
      "Logger.propagate" relevantes), a mensagem será enviada para o
      tratador definido em "lastResort".

      Alterado na versão 3.2: O parâmetro *stack_info* foi adicionado.

      Alterado na versão 3.5: The *exc_info* parameter can now accept
      exception instances.

      Alterado na versão 3.8: O parâmetro *stacklevel* foi adicionado.

   info(msg, *args, **kwargs)

      Logs a message with level "INFO" on this logger. The arguments
      are interpreted as for "debug()".

   warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)

      Logs a message with level "WARNING" on this logger. The
      arguments are interpreted as for "debug()".

      Nota:

        There is an obsolete method "warn" which is functionally
        identical to "warning". As "warn" is deprecated, please do not
        use it - use "warning" instead.

   error(msg, *args, **kwargs)

      Logs a message with level "ERROR" on this logger. The arguments
      are interpreted as for "debug()".

   critical(msg, *args, **kwargs)

      Logs a message with level "CRITICAL" on this logger. The
      arguments are interpreted as for "debug()".

   log(level, msg, *args, **kwargs)

      Logs a message with integer level *level* on this logger. The
      other arguments are interpreted as for "debug()".

   exception(msg, *args, **kwargs)

      Logs a message with level "ERROR" on this logger. The arguments
      are interpreted as for "debug()". Exception info is added to the
      logging message. This method should only be called from an
      exception handler.

   addFilter(filter)

      Adds the specified filter *filter* to this logger.

   removeFilter(filter)

      Removes the specified filter *filter* from this logger.

   filter(record)

      Apply this logger's filters to the record and return "True" if
      the record is to be processed. The filters are consulted in
      turn, until one of them returns a false value. If none of them
      return a false value, the record will be processed (passed to
      handlers). If one returns a false value, no further processing
      of the record occurs.

   addHandler(hdlr)

      Adiciona o tratador especificado por *hdlr* deste logger.

   removeHandler(hdlr)

      Remove o tratador especificado por *hdlr* deste logger.

   findCaller(stack_info=False, stacklevel=1)

      Finds the caller's source filename and line number. Returns the
      filename, line number, function name and stack information as a
      4-element tuple. The stack information is returned as "None"
      unless *stack_info* is "True".

      The *stacklevel* parameter is passed from code calling the
      "debug()" and other APIs. If greater than 1, the excess is used
      to skip stack frames before determining the values to be
      returned. This will generally be useful when calling logging
      APIs from helper/wrapper code, so that the information in the
      event log refers not to the helper/wrapper code, but to the code
      that calls it.

   handle(record)

      Handles a record by passing it to all handlers associated with
      this logger and its ancestors (until a false value of
      *propagate* is found). This method is used for unpickled records
      received from a socket, as well as those created locally.
      Logger-level filtering is applied using "filter()".

   makeRecord(name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func=None, extra=None, sinfo=None)

      This is a factory method which can be overridden in subclasses
      to create specialized "LogRecord" instances.

   hasHandlers()

      Checks to see if this logger has any handlers configured. This
      is done by looking for handlers in this logger and its parents
      in the logger hierarchy. Returns "True" if a handler was found,
      else "False". The method stops searching up the hierarchy
      whenever a logger with the 'propagate' attribute set to false is
      found - that will be the last logger which is checked for the
      existence of handlers.

      Novo na versão 3.2.

   Alterado na versão 3.7: Loggers can now be pickled and unpickled.


Níveis de Logging
=================

Os valores numéricos dos níveis de logging estão listados na tabela
abaixo. Eles são principalmente de interesse se você quiser definir
seus próprios níveis, e precisa deles para definir seus valores
específicos relativos aos níveis predefinidos. Se você define um nível
com o mesmo valor numérico, ele sobrescreve o valor predefinido; o
nome predefinido é perdido.

+----------------+-----------------+
| Nível          | Valor numérico  |
|================|=================|
| "CRITICAL"     | 50              |
+----------------+-----------------+
| "ERROR"        | 40              |
+----------------+-----------------+
| "WARNING"      | 30              |
+----------------+-----------------+
| "INFO"         | 20              |
+----------------+-----------------+
| "DEBUG"        | 10              |
+----------------+-----------------+
| "NOTSET"       | 0               |
+----------------+-----------------+


Objetos Handler
===============

Handlers have the following attributes and methods. Note that
"Handler" is never instantiated directly; this class acts as a base
for more useful subclasses. However, the "__init__()" method in
subclasses needs to call "Handler.__init__()".

class logging.Handler

   __init__(level=NOTSET)

      Initializes the "Handler" instance by setting its level, setting
      the list of filters to the empty list and creating a lock (using
      "createLock()") for serializing access to an I/O mechanism.

   createLock()

      Initializes a thread lock which can be used to serialize access
      to underlying I/O functionality which may not be threadsafe.

   acquire()

      Acquires the thread lock created with "createLock()".

   release()

      Releases the thread lock acquired with "acquire()".

   setLevel(level)

      Sets the threshold for this handler to *level*. Logging messages
      which are less severe than *level* will be ignored. When a
      handler is created, the level is set to "NOTSET" (which causes
      all messages to be processed).

      Veja Níveis de Logging para uma lista de níveis.

      Alterado na versão 3.2: The *level* parameter now accepts a
      string representation of the level such as 'INFO' as an
      alternative to the integer constants such as "INFO".

   setFormatter(fmt)

      Sets the "Formatter" for this handler to *fmt*.

   addFilter(filter)

      Adds the specified filter *filter* to this handler.

   removeFilter(filter)

      Removes the specified filter *filter* from this handler.

   filter(record)

      Apply this handler's filters to the record and return "True" if
      the record is to be processed. The filters are consulted in
      turn, until one of them returns a false value. If none of them
      return a false value, the record will be emitted. If one returns
      a false value, the handler will not emit the record.

   flush()

      Ensure all logging output has been flushed. This version does
      nothing and is intended to be implemented by subclasses.

   close()

      Tidy up any resources used by the handler. This version does no
      output but removes the handler from an internal list of handlers
      which is closed when "shutdown()" is called. Subclasses should
      ensure that this gets called from overridden "close()" methods.

   handle(record)

      Conditionally emits the specified logging record, depending on
      filters which may have been added to the handler. Wraps the
      actual emission of the record with acquisition/release of the
      I/O thread lock.

   handleError(record)

      This method should be called from handlers when an exception is
      encountered during an "emit()" call. If the module-level
      attribute "raiseExceptions" is "False", exceptions get silently
      ignored. This is what is mostly wanted for a logging system -
      most users will not care about errors in the logging system,
      they are more interested in application errors. You could,
      however, replace this with a custom handler if you wish. The
      specified record is the one which was being processed when the
      exception occurred. (The default value of "raiseExceptions" is
      "True", as that is more useful during development).

   format(record)

      Do formatting for a record - if a formatter is set, use it.
      Otherwise, use the default formatter for the module.

   emit(record)

      Do whatever it takes to actually log the specified logging
      record. This version is intended to be implemented by subclasses
      and so raises a "NotImplementedError".

      Aviso:

        This method is called after a handler-level lock is acquired,
        which is released after this method returns. When you override
        this method, note that you should be careful when calling
        anything that invokes other parts of the logging API which
        might do locking, because that might result in a deadlock.
        Specifically:

        * Logging configuration APIs acquire the module-level lock,
          and then individual handler-level locks as those handlers
          are configured.

        * Many logging APIs lock the module-level lock. If such an API
          is called from this method, it could cause a deadlock if a
          configuration call is made on another thread, because that
          thread will try to acquire the module-level lock *before*
          the handler-level lock, whereas this thread tries to acquire
          the module-level lock *after* the handler-level lock
          (because in this method, the handler-level lock has already
          been acquired).

For a list of handlers included as standard, see "logging.handlers".


Formatter Objects
=================

"Formatter" objects have the following attributes and methods. They
are responsible for converting a "LogRecord" to (usually) a string
which can be interpreted by either a human or an external system. The
base "Formatter" allows a formatting string to be specified. If none
is supplied, the default value of "'%(message)s'" is used, which just
includes the message in the logging call. To have additional items of
information in the formatted output (such as a timestamp), keep
reading.

A Formatter can be initialized with a format string which makes use of
knowledge of the "LogRecord" attributes - such as the default value
mentioned above making use of the fact that the user's message and
arguments are pre-formatted into a "LogRecord"'s *message* attribute.
This format string contains standard Python %-style mapping keys. See
section Formatação de string no estilo printf for more information on
string formatting.

The useful mapping keys in a "LogRecord" are given in the section on
Atributos LogRecord.

class logging.Formatter(fmt=None, datefmt=None, style='%', validate=True, *, defaults=None)

   Returns a new instance of the "Formatter" class.  The instance is
   initialized with a format string for the message as a whole, as
   well as a format string for the date/time portion of a message.  If
   no *fmt* is specified, "'%(message)s'" is used.  If no *datefmt* is
   specified, a format is used which is described in the
   "formatTime()" documentation.

   The *style* parameter can be one of '%', '{' or '$' and determines
   how the format string will be merged with its data: using one of
   %-formatting, "str.format()" or "string.Template". This only
   applies to the format string *fmt* (e.g. "'%(message)s'" or
   "{message}"), not to the actual log messages passed to
   "Logger.debug" etc; see Using particular formatting styles
   throughout your application for more information on using {- and
   $-formatting for log messages.

   The *defaults* parameter can be a dictionary with default values to
   use in custom fields. For example: "logging.Formatter('%(ip)s
   %(message)s', defaults={"ip": None})"

   Alterado na versão 3.2: The *style* parameter was added.

   Alterado na versão 3.8: The *validate* parameter was added.
   Incorrect or mismatched style and fmt will raise a "ValueError".
   For example: "logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(message)s',
   style='{')".

   Alterado na versão 3.10: The *defaults* parameter was added.

   format(record)

      The record's attribute dictionary is used as the operand to a
      string formatting operation. Returns the resulting string.
      Before formatting the dictionary, a couple of preparatory steps
      are carried out. The *message* attribute of the record is
      computed using *msg* % *args*. If the formatting string contains
      "'(asctime)'", "formatTime()" is called to format the event
      time. If there is exception information, it is formatted using
      "formatException()" and appended to the message. Note that the
      formatted exception information is cached in attribute
      *exc_text*. This is useful because the exception information can
      be pickled and sent across the wire, but you should be careful
      if you have more than one "Formatter" subclass which customizes
      the formatting of exception information. In this case, you will
      have to clear the cached value (by setting the *exc_text*
      attribute to "None") after a formatter has done its formatting,
      so that the next formatter to handle the event doesn't use the
      cached value, but recalculates it afresh.

      If stack information is available, it's appended after the
      exception information, using "formatStack()" to transform it if
      necessary.

   formatTime(record, datefmt=None)

      This method should be called from "format()" by a formatter
      which wants to make use of a formatted time. This method can be
      overridden in formatters to provide for any specific
      requirement, but the basic behavior is as follows: if *datefmt*
      (a string) is specified, it is used with "time.strftime()" to
      format the creation time of the record. Otherwise, the format
      '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,uuu' is used, where the uuu part is a
      millisecond value and the other letters are as per the
      "time.strftime()" documentation.  An example time in this format
      is "2003-01-23 00:29:50,411".  The resulting string is returned.

      This function uses a user-configurable function to convert the
      creation time to a tuple. By default, "time.localtime()" is
      used; to change this for a particular formatter instance, set
      the "converter" attribute to a function with the same signature
      as "time.localtime()" or "time.gmtime()". To change it for all
      formatters, for example if you want all logging times to be
      shown in GMT, set the "converter" attribute in the "Formatter"
      class.

      Alterado na versão 3.3: Previously, the default format was hard-
      coded as in this example: "2010-09-06 22:38:15,292" where the
      part before the comma is handled by a strptime format string
      ("'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'"), and the part after the comma is a
      millisecond value. Because strptime does not have a format
      placeholder for milliseconds, the millisecond value is appended
      using another format string, "'%s,%03d'" --- and both of these
      format strings have been hardcoded into this method. With the
      change, these strings are defined as class-level attributes
      which can be overridden at the instance level when desired. The
      names of the attributes are "default_time_format" (for the
      strptime format string) and "default_msec_format" (for appending
      the millisecond value).

      Alterado na versão 3.9: The "default_msec_format" can be "None".

   formatException(exc_info)

      Formats the specified exception information (a standard
      exception tuple as returned by "sys.exc_info()") as a string.
      This default implementation just uses
      "traceback.print_exception()". The resulting string is returned.

   formatStack(stack_info)

      Formats the specified stack information (a string as returned by
      "traceback.print_stack()", but with the last newline removed) as
      a string. This default implementation just returns the input
      value.

class logging.BufferingFormatter(linefmt=None)

   A base formatter class suitable for subclassing when you want to
   format a number of records. You can pass a "Formatter" instance
   which you want to use to format each line (that corresponds to a
   single record). If not specified, the default formatter (which just
   outputs the event message) is used as the line formatter.

   formatHeader(records)

      Return a header for a list of *records*. The base implementation
      just returns the empty string. You will need to override this
      method if you want specific behaviour, e.g. to show the count of
      records, a title or a separator line.

   formatFooter(records)

      Return a footer for a list of *records*. The base implementation
      just returns the empty string. You will need to override this
      method if you want specific behaviour, e.g. to show the count of
      records or a separator line.

   format(records)

      Return formatted text for a list of *records*. The base
      implementation just returns the empty string if there are no
      records; otherwise, it returns the concatenation of the header,
      each record formatted with the line formatter, and the footer.


Filter Objects
==============

"Filters" can be used by "Handlers" and "Loggers" for more
sophisticated filtering than is provided by levels. The base filter
class only allows events which are below a certain point in the logger
hierarchy. For example, a filter initialized with 'A.B' will allow
events logged by loggers 'A.B', 'A.B.C', 'A.B.C.D', 'A.B.D' etc. but
not 'A.BB', 'B.A.B' etc. If initialized with the empty string, all
events are passed.

class logging.Filter(name='')

   Returns an instance of the "Filter" class. If *name* is specified,
   it names a logger which, together with its children, will have its
   events allowed through the filter. If *name* is the empty string,
   allows every event.

   filter(record)

      Is the specified record to be logged? Returns zero for no,
      nonzero for yes. If deemed appropriate, the record may be
      modified in-place by this method.

Note that filters attached to handlers are consulted before an event
is emitted by the handler, whereas filters attached to loggers are
consulted whenever an event is logged (using "debug()", "info()",
etc.), before sending an event to handlers. This means that events
which have been generated by descendant loggers will not be filtered
by a logger's filter setting, unless the filter has also been applied
to those descendant loggers.

You don't actually need to subclass "Filter": you can pass any
instance which has a "filter" method with the same semantics.

Alterado na versão 3.2: You don't need to create specialized "Filter"
classes, or use other classes with a "filter" method: you can use a
function (or other callable) as a filter. The filtering logic will
check to see if the filter object has a "filter" attribute: if it
does, it's assumed to be a "Filter" and its "filter()" method is
called. Otherwise, it's assumed to be a callable and called with the
record as the single parameter. The returned value should conform to
that returned by "filter()".

Although filters are used primarily to filter records based on more
sophisticated criteria than levels, they get to see every record which
is processed by the handler or logger they're attached to: this can be
useful if you want to do things like counting how many records were
processed by a particular logger or handler, or adding, changing or
removing attributes in the "LogRecord" being processed. Obviously
changing the LogRecord needs to be done with some care, but it does
allow the injection of contextual information into logs (see Using
Filters to impart contextual information).


LogRecord Objects
=================

"LogRecord" instances are created automatically by the "Logger" every
time something is logged, and can be created manually via
"makeLogRecord()" (for example, from a pickled event received over the
wire).

class logging.LogRecord(name, level, pathname, lineno, msg, args, exc_info, func=None, sinfo=None)

   Contains all the information pertinent to the event being logged.

   The primary information is passed in *msg* and *args*, which are
   combined using "msg % args" to create the "message" attribute of
   the record.

   Parâmetros:
      * **name** (*str*) -- The name of the logger used to log the
        event represented by this "LogRecord". Note that the logger
        name in the "LogRecord" will always have this value, even
        though it may be emitted by a handler attached to a different
        (ancestor) logger.

      * **level** (*int*) -- The numeric level of the logging event
        (such as "10" for "DEBUG", "20" for "INFO", etc). Note that
        this is converted to *two* attributes of the LogRecord:
        "levelno" for the numeric value and "levelname" for the
        corresponding level name.

      * **pathname** (*str*) -- The full string path of the source
        file where the logging call was made.

      * **lineno** (*int*) -- The line number in the source file where
        the logging call was made.

      * **msg** (*typing.Any*) -- The event description message, which
        can be a %-format string with placeholders for variable data,
        or an arbitrary object (see Usando objetos arbitrários como
        mensagens).

      * **args** (*tuple | dict**[**str**, **typing.Any**]*) --
        Variable data to merge into the *msg* argument to obtain the
        event description.

      * **exc_info** (*tuple**[**type**[**BaseException**]**,
        **BaseException**, **types.TracebackType**] **| None*) -- An
        exception tuple with the current exception information, as
        returned by "sys.exc_info()", or "None" if no exception
        information is available.

      * **func** (*str | None*) -- The name of the function or method
        from which the logging call was invoked.

      * **sinfo** (*str | None*) -- A text string representing stack
        information from the base of the stack in the current thread,
        up to the logging call.

   getMessage()

      Returns the message for this "LogRecord" instance after merging
      any user-supplied arguments with the message. If the user-
      supplied message argument to the logging call is not a string,
      "str()" is called on it to convert it to a string. This allows
      use of user-defined classes as messages, whose "__str__" method
      can return the actual format string to be used.

   Alterado na versão 3.2: The creation of a "LogRecord" has been made
   more configurable by providing a factory which is used to create
   the record. The factory can be set using "getLogRecordFactory()"
   and "setLogRecordFactory()" (see this for the factory's signature).

   This functionality can be used to inject your own values into a
   "LogRecord" at creation time. You can use the following pattern:

      old_factory = logging.getLogRecordFactory()

      def record_factory(*args, **kwargs):
          record = old_factory(*args, **kwargs)
          record.custom_attribute = 0xdecafbad
          return record

      logging.setLogRecordFactory(record_factory)

   With this pattern, multiple factories could be chained, and as long
   as they don't overwrite each other's attributes or unintentionally
   overwrite the standard attributes listed above, there should be no
   surprises.


Atributos LogRecord
===================

The LogRecord has a number of attributes, most of which are derived
from the parameters to the constructor. (Note that the names do not
always correspond exactly between the LogRecord constructor parameters
and the LogRecord attributes.) These attributes can be used to merge
data from the record into the format string. The following table lists
(in alphabetical order) the attribute names, their meanings and the
corresponding placeholder in a %-style format string.

If you are using {}-formatting ("str.format()"), you can use
"{attrname}" as the placeholder in the format string. If you are using
$-formatting ("string.Template"), use the form "${attrname}". In both
cases, of course, replace "attrname" with the actual attribute name
you want to use.

In the case of {}-formatting, you can specify formatting flags by
placing them after the attribute name, separated from it with a colon.
For example: a placeholder of "{msecs:03d}" would format a millisecond
value of "4" as "004". Refer to the "str.format()" documentation for
full details on the options available to you.

+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Attribute name   | Formatação                | Descrição                                       |
|==================|===========================|=================================================|
| args             | You shouldn't need to     | The tuple of arguments merged into "msg" to     |
|                  | format this yourself.     | produce "message", or a dict whose values are   |
|                  |                           | used for the merge (when there is only one      |
|                  |                           | argument, and it is a dictionary).              |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| asctime          | "%(asctime)s"             | Human-readable time when the "LogRecord" was    |
|                  |                           | created.  By default this is of the form        |
|                  |                           | '2003-07-08 16:49:45,896' (the numbers after    |
|                  |                           | the comma are millisecond portion of the time). |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| created          | "%(created)f"             | Time when the "LogRecord" was created (as       |
|                  |                           | returned by "time.time()").                     |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| exc_info         | You shouldn't need to     | Exception tuple (à la "sys.exc_info") or, if no |
|                  | format this yourself.     | exception has occurred, "None".                 |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| filename         | "%(filename)s"            | Filename portion of "pathname".                 |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| funcName         | "%(funcName)s"            | Name of function containing the logging call.   |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| levelname        | "%(levelname)s"           | Text logging level for the message ("'DEBUG'",  |
|                  |                           | "'INFO'", "'WARNING'", "'ERROR'",               |
|                  |                           | "'CRITICAL'").                                  |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| levelno          | "%(levelno)s"             | Numeric logging level for the message ("DEBUG", |
|                  |                           | "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL").        |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| lineno           | "%(lineno)d"              | Source line number where the logging call was   |
|                  |                           | issued (if available).                          |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| message          | "%(message)s"             | The logged message, computed as "msg % args".   |
|                  |                           | This is set when "Formatter.format()" is        |
|                  |                           | invoked.                                        |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| módulo           | "%(module)s"              | Module (name portion of "filename").            |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| msecs            | "%(msecs)d"               | Millisecond portion of the time when the        |
|                  |                           | "LogRecord" was created.                        |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| msg              | You shouldn't need to     | The format string passed in the original        |
|                  | format this yourself.     | logging call. Merged with "args" to produce     |
|                  |                           | "message", or an arbitrary object (see Usando   |
|                  |                           | objetos arbitrários como mensagens).            |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| nome             | "%(name)s"                | Name of the logger used to log the call.        |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| pathname         | "%(pathname)s"            | Full pathname of the source file where the      |
|                  |                           | logging call was issued (if available).         |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| processo         | "%(process)d"             | Process ID (if available).                      |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| processName      | "%(processName)s"         | Process name (if available).                    |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| relativeCreated  | "%(relativeCreated)d"     | Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was     |
|                  |                           | created, relative to the time the logging       |
|                  |                           | module was loaded.                              |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| stack_info       | You shouldn't need to     | Stack frame information (where available) from  |
|                  | format this yourself.     | the bottom of the stack in the current thread,  |
|                  |                           | up to and including the stack frame of the      |
|                  |                           | logging call which resulted in the creation of  |
|                  |                           | this record.                                    |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| thread           | "%(thread)d"              | Thread ID (if available).                       |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| threadName       | "%(threadName)s"          | Thread name (if available).                     |
+------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

Alterado na versão 3.1: *processName* was added.


LoggerAdapter Objects
=====================

"LoggerAdapter" instances are used to conveniently pass contextual
information into logging calls. For a usage example, see the section
on adding contextual information to your logging output.

class logging.LoggerAdapter(logger, extra)

   Returns an instance of "LoggerAdapter" initialized with an
   underlying "Logger" instance and a dict-like object.

   process(msg, kwargs)

      Modifies the message and/or keyword arguments passed to a
      logging call in order to insert contextual information. This
      implementation takes the object passed as *extra* to the
      constructor and adds it to *kwargs* using key 'extra'. The
      return value is a (*msg*, *kwargs*) tuple which has the
      (possibly modified) versions of the arguments passed in.

In addition to the above, "LoggerAdapter" supports the following
methods of "Logger": "debug()", "info()", "warning()", "error()",
"exception()", "critical()", "log()", "isEnabledFor()",
"getEffectiveLevel()", "setLevel()" and "hasHandlers()". These methods
have the same signatures as their counterparts in "Logger", so you can
use the two types of instances interchangeably.

Alterado na versão 3.2: The "isEnabledFor()", "getEffectiveLevel()",
"setLevel()" and "hasHandlers()" methods were added to
"LoggerAdapter".  These methods delegate to the underlying logger.

Alterado na versão 3.6: Attribute "manager" and method "_log()" were
added, which delegate to the underlying logger and allow adapters to
be nested.


Thread Safety
=============

The logging module is intended to be thread-safe without any special
work needing to be done by its clients. It achieves this though using
threading locks; there is one lock to serialize access to the module's
shared data, and each handler also creates a lock to serialize access
to its underlying I/O.

If you are implementing asynchronous signal handlers using the
"signal" module, you may not be able to use logging from within such
handlers. This is because lock implementations in the "threading"
module are not always re-entrant, and so cannot be invoked from such
signal handlers.


Funções de nível de módulo
==========================

In addition to the classes described above, there are a number of
module-level functions.

logging.getLogger(name=None)

   Return a logger with the specified name or, if name is "None",
   return a logger which is the root logger of the hierarchy. If
   specified, the name is typically a dot-separated hierarchical name
   like *'a'*, *'a.b'* or *'a.b.c.d'*. Choice of these names is
   entirely up to the developer who is using logging.

   All calls to this function with a given name return the same logger
   instance. This means that logger instances never need to be passed
   between different parts of an application.

logging.getLoggerClass()

   Return either the standard "Logger" class, or the last class passed
   to "setLoggerClass()". This function may be called from within a
   new class definition, to ensure that installing a customized
   "Logger" class will not undo customizations already applied by
   other code. For example:

      class MyLogger(logging.getLoggerClass()):
          # ... override behaviour here

logging.getLogRecordFactory()

   Return a callable which is used to create a "LogRecord".

   Novo na versão 3.2: This function has been provided, along with
   "setLogRecordFactory()", to allow developers more control over how
   the "LogRecord" representing a logging event is constructed.

   See "setLogRecordFactory()" for more information about the how the
   factory is called.

logging.debug(msg, *args, **kwargs)

   Logs a message with level "DEBUG" on the root logger. The *msg* is
   the message format string, and the *args* are the arguments which
   are merged into *msg* using the string formatting operator. (Note
   that this means that you can use keywords in the format string,
   together with a single dictionary argument.)

   There are three keyword arguments in *kwargs* which are inspected:
   *exc_info* which, if it does not evaluate as false, causes
   exception information to be added to the logging message. If an
   exception tuple (in the format returned by "sys.exc_info()") or an
   exception instance is provided, it is used; otherwise,
   "sys.exc_info()" is called to get the exception information.

   The second optional keyword argument is *stack_info*, which
   defaults to "False". If true, stack information is added to the
   logging message, including the actual logging call. Note that this
   is not the same stack information as that displayed through
   specifying *exc_info*: The former is stack frames from the bottom
   of the stack up to the logging call in the current thread, whereas
   the latter is information about stack frames which have been
   unwound, following an exception, while searching for exception
   handlers.

   You can specify *stack_info* independently of *exc_info*, e.g. to
   just show how you got to a certain point in your code, even when no
   exceptions were raised. The stack frames are printed following a
   header line which says:

      Stack (most recent call last):

   Isso imita o "Traceback (most recent call last):" que é usado ao
   exibir quadros de exceção.

   The third optional keyword argument is *extra* which can be used to
   pass a dictionary which is used to populate the __dict__ of the
   LogRecord created for the logging event with user-defined
   attributes. These custom attributes can then be used as you like.
   For example, they could be incorporated into logged messages. For
   example:

      FORMAT = '%(asctime)s %(clientip)-15s %(user)-8s %(message)s'
      logging.basicConfig(format=FORMAT)
      d = {'clientip': '192.168.0.1', 'user': 'fbloggs'}
      logging.warning('Protocol problem: %s', 'connection reset', extra=d)

   would print something like:

      2006-02-08 22:20:02,165 192.168.0.1 fbloggs  Protocol problem: connection reset

   The keys in the dictionary passed in *extra* should not clash with
   the keys used by the logging system. (See the "Formatter"
   documentation for more information on which keys are used by the
   logging system.)

   If you choose to use these attributes in logged messages, you need
   to exercise some care. In the above example, for instance, the
   "Formatter" has been set up with a format string which expects
   'clientip' and 'user' in the attribute dictionary of the LogRecord.
   If these are missing, the message will not be logged because a
   string formatting exception will occur. So in this case, you always
   need to pass the *extra* dictionary with these keys.

   While this might be annoying, this feature is intended for use in
   specialized circumstances, such as multi-threaded servers where the
   same code executes in many contexts, and interesting conditions
   which arise are dependent on this context (such as remote client IP
   address and authenticated user name, in the above example). In such
   circumstances, it is likely that specialized "Formatter"s would be
   used with particular "Handler"s.

   This function (as well as "info()", "warning()", "error()" and
   "critical()") will call "basicConfig()" if the root logger doesn't
   have any handler attached.

   Alterado na versão 3.2: O parâmetro *stack_info* foi adicionado.

logging.info(msg, *args, **kwargs)

   Logs a message with level "INFO" on the root logger. The arguments
   are interpreted as for "debug()".

logging.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)

   Logs a message with level "WARNING" on the root logger. The
   arguments are interpreted as for "debug()".

   Nota:

     There is an obsolete function "warn" which is functionally
     identical to "warning". As "warn" is deprecated, please do not
     use it - use "warning" instead.

logging.error(msg, *args, **kwargs)

   Logs a message with level "ERROR" on the root logger. The arguments
   are interpreted as for "debug()".

logging.critical(msg, *args, **kwargs)

   Logs a message with level "CRITICAL" on the root logger. The
   arguments are interpreted as for "debug()".

logging.exception(msg, *args, **kwargs)

   Logs a message with level "ERROR" on the root logger. The arguments
   are interpreted as for "debug()". Exception info is added to the
   logging message. This function should only be called from an
   exception handler.

logging.log(level, msg, *args, **kwargs)

   Logs a message with level *level* on the root logger. The other
   arguments are interpreted as for "debug()".

logging.disable(level=CRITICAL)

   Provides an overriding level *level* for all loggers which takes
   precedence over the logger's own level. When the need arises to
   temporarily throttle logging output down across the whole
   application, this function can be useful. Its effect is to disable
   all logging calls of severity *level* and below, so that if you
   call it with a value of INFO, then all INFO and DEBUG events would
   be discarded, whereas those of severity WARNING and above would be
   processed according to the logger's effective level. If
   "logging.disable(logging.NOTSET)" is called, it effectively removes
   this overriding level, so that logging output again depends on the
   effective levels of individual loggers.

   Note that if you have defined any custom logging level higher than
   "CRITICAL" (this is not recommended), you won't be able to rely on
   the default value for the *level* parameter, but will have to
   explicitly supply a suitable value.

   Alterado na versão 3.7: The *level* parameter was defaulted to
   level "CRITICAL". See bpo-28524 for more information about this
   change.

logging.addLevelName(level, levelName)

   Associates level *level* with text *levelName* in an internal
   dictionary, which is used to map numeric levels to a textual
   representation, for example when a "Formatter" formats a message.
   This function can also be used to define your own levels. The only
   constraints are that all levels used must be registered using this
   function, levels should be positive integers and they should
   increase in increasing order of severity.

   Nota:

     If you are thinking of defining your own levels, please see the
     section on Níveis personalizados.

logging.getLevelName(level)

   Returns the textual or numeric representation of logging level
   *level*.

   If *level* is one of the predefined levels "CRITICAL", "ERROR",
   "WARNING", "INFO" or "DEBUG" then you get the corresponding string.
   If you have associated levels with names using "addLevelName()"
   then the name you have associated with *level* is returned. If a
   numeric value corresponding to one of the defined levels is passed
   in, the corresponding string representation is returned.

   The *level* parameter also accepts a string representation of the
   level such as 'INFO'. In such cases, this functions returns the
   corresponding numeric value of the level.

   If no matching numeric or string value is passed in, the string
   'Level %s' % level is returned.

   Nota:

     Levels are internally integers (as they need to be compared in
     the logging logic). This function is used to convert between an
     integer level and the level name displayed in the formatted log
     output by means of the "%(levelname)s" format specifier (see
     Atributos LogRecord), and vice versa.

   Alterado na versão 3.4: In Python versions earlier than 3.4, this
   function could also be passed a text level, and would return the
   corresponding numeric value of the level. This undocumented
   behaviour was considered a mistake, and was removed in Python 3.4,
   but reinstated in 3.4.2 due to retain backward compatibility.

logging.makeLogRecord(attrdict)

   Creates and returns a new "LogRecord" instance whose attributes are
   defined by *attrdict*. This function is useful for taking a pickled
   "LogRecord" attribute dictionary, sent over a socket, and
   reconstituting it as a "LogRecord" instance at the receiving end.

logging.basicConfig(**kwargs)

   Does basic configuration for the logging system by creating a
   "StreamHandler" with a default "Formatter" and adding it to the
   root logger. The functions "debug()", "info()", "warning()",
   "error()" and "critical()" will call "basicConfig()" automatically
   if no handlers are defined for the root logger.

   This function does nothing if the root logger already has handlers
   configured, unless the keyword argument *force* is set to "True".

   Nota:

     This function should be called from the main thread before other
     threads are started. In versions of Python prior to 2.7.1 and
     3.2, if this function is called from multiple threads, it is
     possible (in rare circumstances) that a handler will be added to
     the root logger more than once, leading to unexpected results
     such as messages being duplicated in the log.

   The following keyword arguments are supported.

   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | Formatação     | Descrição                                     |
   |================|===============================================|
   | *filename*     | Specifies that a "FileHandler" be created,    |
   |                | using the specified filename, rather than a   |
   |                | "StreamHandler".                              |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *filemode*     | If *filename* is specified, open the file in  |
   |                | this mode. Defaults to "'a'".                 |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *format*       | Use the specified format string for the       |
   |                | handler. Defaults to attributes "levelname",  |
   |                | "name" and "message" separated by colons.     |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *datefmt*      | Use the specified date/time format, as        |
   |                | accepted by "time.strftime()".                |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *style*        | If *format* is specified, use this style for  |
   |                | the format string. One of "'%'", "'{'" or     |
   |                | "'$'" for printf-style, "str.format()" or     |
   |                | "string.Template" respectively. Defaults to   |
   |                | "'%'".                                        |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *level*        | Set the root logger level to the specified    |
   |                | level.                                        |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *stream*       | Use the specified stream to initialize the    |
   |                | "StreamHandler". Note that this argument is   |
   |                | incompatible with *filename* - if both are    |
   |                | present, a "ValueError" is raised.            |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *handlers*     | If specified, this should be an iterable of   |
   |                | already created handlers to add to the root   |
   |                | logger. Any handlers which don't already have |
   |                | a formatter set will be assigned the default  |
   |                | formatter created in this function. Note that |
   |                | this argument is incompatible with *filename* |
   |                | or *stream* - if both are present, a          |
   |                | "ValueError" is raised.                       |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *force*        | If this keyword argument is specified as      |
   |                | true, any existing handlers attached to the   |
   |                | root logger are removed and closed, before    |
   |                | carrying out the configuration as specified   |
   |                | by the other arguments.                       |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *encoding*     | If this keyword argument is specified along   |
   |                | with *filename*, its value is used when the   |
   |                | "FileHandler" is created, and thus used when  |
   |                | opening the output file.                      |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | *errors*       | If this keyword argument is specified along   |
   |                | with *filename*, its value is used when the   |
   |                | "FileHandler" is created, and thus used when  |
   |                | opening the output file. If not specified,    |
   |                | the value 'backslashreplace' is used. Note    |
   |                | that if "None" is specified, it will be       |
   |                | passed as such to "open()", which means that  |
   |                | it will be treated the same as passing        |
   |                | 'errors'.                                     |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------------------+

   Alterado na versão 3.2: O argumento *style* foi adicionado.

   Alterado na versão 3.3: The *handlers* argument was added.
   Additional checks were added to catch situations where incompatible
   arguments are specified (e.g. *handlers* together with *stream* or
   *filename*, or *stream* together with *filename*).

   Alterado na versão 3.8: O argumento *force* foi adicionado.

   Alterado na versão 3.9: Os argumentos *encoding* e *errors* foram
   adicionados.

logging.shutdown()

   Informs the logging system to perform an orderly shutdown by
   flushing and closing all handlers. This should be called at
   application exit and no further use of the logging system should be
   made after this call.

   When the logging module is imported, it registers this function as
   an exit handler (see "atexit"), so normally there's no need to do
   that manually.

logging.setLoggerClass(klass)

   Tells the logging system to use the class *klass* when
   instantiating a logger. The class should define "__init__()" such
   that only a name argument is required, and the "__init__()" should
   call "Logger.__init__()". This function is typically called before
   any loggers are instantiated by applications which need to use
   custom logger behavior. After this call, as at any other time, do
   not instantiate loggers directly using the subclass: continue to
   use the "logging.getLogger()" API to get your loggers.

logging.setLogRecordFactory(factory)

   Set a callable which is used to create a "LogRecord".

   Parâmetros:
      **factory** -- The factory callable to be used to instantiate a
      log record.

   Novo na versão 3.2: This function has been provided, along with
   "getLogRecordFactory()", to allow developers more control over how
   the "LogRecord" representing a logging event is constructed.

   The factory has the following signature:

   "factory(name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func=None,
   sinfo=None, **kwargs)"

      nome:
         The logger name.

      level:
         The logging level (numeric).

      fn:
         The full pathname of the file where the logging call was
         made.

      lno:
         The line number in the file where the logging call was made.

      msg:
         The logging message.

      args:
         The arguments for the logging message.

      exc_info:
         An exception tuple, or "None".

      func:
         The name of the function or method which invoked the logging
         call.

      sinfo:
         A stack traceback such as is provided by
         "traceback.print_stack()", showing the call hierarchy.

      kwargs:
         Additional keyword arguments.


Module-Level Attributes
=======================

logging.lastResort

   A "handler of last resort" is available through this attribute.
   This is a "StreamHandler" writing to "sys.stderr" with a level of
   "WARNING", and is used to handle logging events in the absence of
   any logging configuration. The end result is to just print the
   message to "sys.stderr". This replaces the earlier error message
   saying that "no handlers could be found for logger XYZ". If you
   need the earlier behaviour for some reason, "lastResort" can be set
   to "None".

   Novo na versão 3.2.


Integration with the warnings module
====================================

The "captureWarnings()" function can be used to integrate "logging"
with the "warnings" module.

logging.captureWarnings(capture)

   This function is used to turn the capture of warnings by logging on
   and off.

   If *capture* is "True", warnings issued by the "warnings" module
   will be redirected to the logging system. Specifically, a warning
   will be formatted using "warnings.formatwarning()" and the
   resulting string logged to a logger named "'py.warnings'" with a
   severity of "WARNING".

   If *capture* is "False", the redirection of warnings to the logging
   system will stop, and warnings will be redirected to their original
   destinations (i.e. those in effect before "captureWarnings(True)"
   was called).

Ver também:

  Módulo "logging.config"
     API de configuração para o módulo logging.

  Módulo "logging.handlers"
     Tratadores úteis incluídos no módulo logging.

  **PEP 282** - A Logging System
     The proposal which described this feature for inclusion in the
     Python standard library.

  Original Python logging package
     This is the original source for the "logging" package.  The
     version of the package available from this site is suitable for
     use with Python 1.5.2, 2.1.x and 2.2.x, which do not include the
     "logging" package in the standard library.
