Importar Módulos

PyObject* PyImport_ImportModule(const char *name)

Return value: New reference.

This is a simplified interface to PyImport_ImportModuleEx() below, leaving the globals and locals arguments set to NULL and level set to 0. When the name argument contains a dot (when it specifies a submodule of a package), the fromlist argument is set to the list ['*'] so that the return value is the named module rather than the top-level package containing it as would otherwise be the case. (Unfortunately, this has an additional side effect when name in fact specifies a subpackage instead of a submodule: the submodules specified in the package’s __all__ variable are loaded.) Return a new reference to the imported module, or NULL with an exception set on failure. Before Python 2.4, the module may still be created in the failure case — examine sys.modules to find out. Starting with Python 2.4, a failing import of a module no longer leaves the module in sys.modules.

Alterado na versão 2.4: Failing imports remove incomplete module objects.

Alterado na versão 2.6: Always uses absolute imports.

PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(const char *name)

This version of PyImport_ImportModule() does not block. It’s intended to be used in C functions that import other modules to execute a function. The import may block if another thread holds the import lock. The function PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock() never blocks. It first tries to fetch the module from sys.modules and falls back to PyImport_ImportModule() unless the lock is held, in which case the function will raise an ImportError.

Novo na versão 2.6.

PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleEx(char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist)

Return value: New reference.

Importar um módulo. Isso é melhor descrito referindo-se à função interna do Python __import__(), já que a função padrão: func:__import__ chama essa função diretamente.

The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level package, or NULL with an exception set on failure (before Python 2.4, the module may still be created in this case). Like for __import__(), the return value when a submodule of a package was requested is normally the top-level package, unless a non-empty fromlist was given.

Alterado na versão 2.4: Failing imports remove incomplete module objects.

Alterado na versão 2.6: The function is an alias for PyImport_ImportModuleLevel() with -1 as level, meaning relative import.

PyObject* PyImport_ImportModuleLevel(char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist, int level)

Return value: New reference.

Importar um módulo. Isso é melhor descrito referindo-se à função interna do Python __import__(), já que a função padrão: func:__import__ chama essa função diretamente.

O valor retornado é uma nova referência ao módulo importado ou ao pacote localizado no nível acima, ou NULL através de uma exceção definida pela falha. Como na __import__(), o valor retornado quando um submódulo foi solicitado é o pacote de nível superior, a menos que uma fromlist tenha sido informada.

Novo na versão 2.5.

PyObject* PyImport_Import(PyObject *name)

Return value: New reference.

This is a higher-level interface that calls the current “import hook function”. It invokes the __import__() function from the __builtins__ of the current globals. This means that the import is done using whatever import hooks are installed in the current environment, e.g. by rexec or ihooks.

Alterado na versão 2.6: Always uses absolute imports.

PyObject* PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m)

Return value: New reference.

Reload a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python function reload(), as the standard reload() function calls this function directly. Return a new reference to the reloaded module, or NULL with an exception set on failure (the module still exists in this case).

PyObject* PyImport_AddModule(const char *name)

Return value: Borrowed reference.

Retornar o objeto do módulo correspondente parao nome do módulo. O argumento name pode estar no formato package.module. Primeiro confira no dicionário dos módulos se há um lá, e se não houver, crie um novo e insira este dentro do dicionários dos módulos. Retorna NULL com uma exceção definida pela falha.

Nota

Esta função não carrega ou importa o módulo; se o módulo não foi carregado, você receberá um objeto de módulo vazio. Utilize PyImport_ImportModule() ou uma de suas variações para importar um módulo. Estruturas de pacotes implícitos através de um ponto no nome para a name não são criados se não estiverem presentes.

PyObject* PyImport_ExecCodeModule(char *name, PyObject *co)

Return value: New reference.

Given a module name (possibly of the form package.module) and a code object read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in function compile(), load the module. Return a new reference to the module object, or NULL with an exception set if an error occurred. Before Python 2.4, the module could still be created in error cases. Starting with Python 2.4, name is removed from sys.modules in error cases, and even if name was already in sys.modules on entry to PyImport_ExecCodeModule(). Leaving incompletely initialized modules in sys.modules is dangerous, as imports of such modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (and probably damaged with respect to the module author’s intents) state.

The module’s __file__ attribute will be set to the code object’s co_filename.

Esta função poderá recarregar o módulo se este já foi importado. Veja PyImport_ReloadModule() para forma desejada de recarregar um módulo.

Se name apontar para um nome com ponto no formato de package.module, qualquer estruturas de pacotes que não tenha sido criada não será mais criada.

Alterado na versão 2.4: name is removed from sys.modules in error cases.

PyObject* PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(char *name, PyObject *co, char *pathname)

Return value: New reference.

Como PyImport_ExecCodeModule(), mas o atributo __file__ do objeto módulo é definido como pathname se não for NULL.

long PyImport_GetMagicNumber()

Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a. .pyc and .pyo files). The magic number should be present in the first four bytes of the bytecode file, in little-endian byte order.

PyObject* PyImport_GetModuleDict()

Return value: Borrowed reference.

Return the dictionary used for the module administration (a.k.a. sys.modules). Note that this is a per-interpreter variable.

PyObject* PyImport_GetImporter(PyObject *path)

Return an importer object for a sys.path/pkg.__path__ item path, possibly by fetching it from the sys.path_importer_cache dict. If it wasn’t yet cached, traverse sys.path_hooks until a hook is found that can handle the path item. Return None if no hook could; this tells our caller it should fall back to the built-in import mechanism. Cache the result in sys.path_importer_cache. Return a new reference to the importer object.

Novo na versão 2.6.

void _PyImport_Init()

Inicia o mecanismo de importação. Apenas para uso interno.

void PyImport_Cleanup()

Esvazia a tabela do módulo. Apenas para uso interno.

void _PyImport_Fini()

Finaliza o mecanismo de importação. Apenas para uso interno.

PyObject* _PyImport_FindExtension(char *, char *)

Apenas para uso interno.

PyObject* _PyImport_FixupExtension(char *, char *)

Apenas para uso interno.

int PyImport_ImportFrozenModule(char *name)

Load a frozen module named name. Return 1 for success, 0 if the module is not found, and -1 with an exception set if the initialization failed. To access the imported module on a successful load, use PyImport_ImportModule(). (Note the misnomer — this function would reload the module if it was already imported.)

struct _frozen

This is the structure type definition for frozen module descriptors, as generated by the freeze utility (see Tools/freeze/ in the Python source distribution). Its definition, found in Include/import.h, is:

struct _frozen {
    char *name;
    unsigned char *code;
    int size;
};

struct _frozen* PyImport_FrozenModules

This pointer is initialized to point to an array of struct _frozen records, terminated by one whose members are all NULL or zero. When a frozen module is imported, it is searched in this table. Third-party code could play tricks with this to provide a dynamically created collection of frozen modules.

int PyImport_AppendInittab(const char *name, void (*initfunc)(void))

Add a single module to the existing table of built-in modules. This is a convenience wrapper around PyImport_ExtendInittab(), returning -1 if the table could not be extended. The new module can be imported by the name name, and uses the function initfunc as the initialization function called on the first attempted import. This should be called before Py_Initialize().

struct _inittab

Structure describing a single entry in the list of built-in modules. Each of these structures gives the name and initialization function for a module built into the interpreter. Programs which embed Python may use an array of these structures in conjunction with PyImport_ExtendInittab() to provide additional built-in modules. The structure is defined in Include/import.h as:

struct _inittab {
    char *name;
    void (*initfunc)(void);
};

int PyImport_ExtendInittab(struct _inittab *newtab)

Add a collection of modules to the table of built-in modules. The newtab array must end with a sentinel entry which contains NULL for the name field; failure to provide the sentinel value can result in a memory fault. Returns 0 on success or -1 if insufficient memory could be allocated to extend the internal table. In the event of failure, no modules are added to the internal table. This should be called before Py_Initialize().