This document is for an old version of Python that is no longer supported. You should upgrade and read the documentação do Python para versão estável atual.

# Camada de Objetos Concretos

The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types. Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive an object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right type, you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an object is a dictionary, use `PyDict_Check()`. The chapter is structured like the “family tree” of Python object types.

Aviso

While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of the objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for NULL being passed instead of a valid object. Allowing NULL to be passed in can cause memory access violations and immediate termination of the interpreter.

## Fundamental Objects

This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object `None`.

- Objetos de tipo
- O Objeto `None`

## Numeric Objects

- Plain Integer Objects
- Objetos Booleanos
- Long Integer Objects
- Objetos de Ponto Flutuante
- Objetos de Números Complexos
  - Números complexos como estruturas C.
  - Números complexos como objetos Python

## Sequence Objects

Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter; this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are intrinsic to the Python language.

- Objetos Byte Array
  - Macros para verificação de tipo
  - Funções diretas da API
  - Macros
- String/Bytes Objects
- Objetos Unicode e Codecs
  - Unicode Objects
    - Unicode Type
    - Unicode Character Properties
    - Plain Py_UNICODE
    - wchar_t Support
  - Built-in Codecs
    - Generic Codecs
    - UTF-8 Codecs
    - UTF-32 Codecs
    - UTF-16 Codecs
    - UTF-7 Codecs
    - Unicode-Escape Codecs
    - Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs
    - Latin-1 Codecs
    - ASCII Codecs
    - Character Map Codecs
    - MBCS codecs for Windows
    - Methods & Slots
  - Methods and Slot Functions
- Buffers and Memoryview Objects
  - The new-style Py_buffer struct
  - Buffer related functions
  - MemoryView objects
  - Old-style buffer objects
- Objeto Tuple
- Objeto List

## Mapping Objects

- Objetos Dicionário

## Other Objects

- Class and Instance Objects
- Objetos de Função
- Objetos de Método
- Objetos File
- Objeto Module
- Objetos Iteradores
- Objetos Descritores
- Objetos Slice
- Ellipsis Object
- Objetos de Referência Fraca
- Capsules
- CObjects
- Objeto Célula
- Objeto Geradores
- Objetos DateTime
- Objeto Set
- Objetos Código