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# 12.4. `zipfile` — Work with ZIP archives

Novo na versão 1.6.

Código-fonte: Lib/zipfile.py

O formato de arquivo ZIP é um padrão de compactação e arquivamento. Este módulo fornece ferramentas para criar, ler, escrever, adicionar, e listar um arquivo ZIP. Qualquer uso avançado deste módulo vai exigir um entendimento do formato, como definido em PKZIP Application Note.

This module does not currently handle multi-disk ZIP files. It can handle ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions (that is ZIP files that are more than 4 GByte in size). It supports decryption of encrypted files in ZIP archives, but it currently cannot create an encrypted file. Decryption is extremely slow as it is implemented in native Python rather than C.

Este módulo define os seguintes itens:

exception `zipfile.``BadZipfile`

  The error raised for bad ZIP files (old name: `zipfile.error`).

exception `zipfile.``LargeZipFile`

  Este erro é levantado quando um arquivo ZIP precisa da funcionalidade ZIP64 que não está habilitada.

class `zipfile.``ZipFile`

  A classe para ler e escrever arquivos ZIP. Veja a seção Objetos ZipFile para detalhes do construtor.

class `zipfile.``PyZipFile`

  Classe para criar arquivos ZIP contendo bibliotecas Python.

class `zipfile.``ZipInfo`([filename[, date_time]])

  Classe usada para representar informação sobre um membro de um archive. Instâncias desta classe são retornadas pelos métodos `getinfo()` e `infolist()` de objetos da classe `ZipFile`. A maioria dos usuários do módulo `zipfile` não vai precisar criar, mas apenas usar objetos criados pelo módulo. filename deveria ser o caminho completo do membro do arquivo, e date_time deveria ser uma tupla contendo seis campos que descrevem o momento da última modificação no arquivo; os campos são descritos na seção ZipInfo Objects.

`zipfile.``is_zipfile`(filename)

  Retorna `True` se filename é um arquivo ZIP válido baseado no seu magic number, caso contrário retorna `False`. filename pode ser um arquivo ou um objeto file-like também.

  Alterado na versão 2.7: Suporte para arquivo e objetos file-like.

`zipfile.``ZIP_STORED`

  Código numérico para um membro de um arquivo descompactado

`zipfile.``ZIP_DEFLATED`

  The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method. This requires the `zlib` module. No other compression methods are currently supported.

Ver também

PKZIP Notas da Aplicação

  Documentação do formato de arquivo ZIP feita por Phil Katz, criador do formato e dos algoritmos usados.

Info-ZIP Home Page

  Informações sobre o programas de arquivamento e desenvolvimento de bibliotecas do projeto Info-ZIP.

## 12.4.1. Objetos ZipFile

class `zipfile.``ZipFile`(file[, mode[, compression[, allowZip64]]])

  Open a ZIP file, where file can be either a path to a file (a string) or a file-like object. The mode parameter should be `'r'` to read an existing file, `'w'` to truncate and write a new file, or `'a'` to append to an existing file. If mode is `'a'` and file refers to an existing ZIP file, then additional files are added to it. If file does not refer to a ZIP file, then a new ZIP archive is appended to the file. This is meant for adding a ZIP archive to another file (such as `python.exe`).

  Alterado na versão 2.6: If mode is `a` and the file does not exist at all, it is created.

  compression is the ZIP compression method to use when writing the archive, and should be `ZIP_STORED` or `ZIP_DEFLATED`; unrecognized values will cause `RuntimeError` to be raised. If `ZIP_DEFLATED` is specified but the `zlib` module is not available, `RuntimeError` is also raised. The default is `ZIP_STORED`. If allowZip64 is `True` zipfile will create ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions when the zipfile is larger than 2 GB. If it is false (the default) `zipfile` will raise an exception when the ZIP file would require ZIP64 extensions. ZIP64 extensions are disabled by default because the default zip and unzip commands on Unix (the InfoZIP utilities) don’t support these extensions.

  Alterado na versão 2.7.1: If the file is created with mode `'a'` or `'w'` and then `closed` without adding any files to the archive, the appropriate ZIP structures for an empty archive will be written to the file.

  ZipFile is also a context manager and therefore supports the `with` statement. In the example, myzip is closed after the `with` statement’s suite is finished—even if an exception occurs:

      with ZipFile('spam.zip', 'w') as myzip:
          myzip.write('eggs.txt')

  Novo na versão 2.7: Adicionado o uso de `ZipFile` como um gerenciador de contexto.

`ZipFile.``close`()

  Fecha o arquivo. Você deve chamar `close()` antes de sair do seu programa ou registros essenciais não serão gravados.

`ZipFile.``getinfo`(name)

  Retorna um objeto `ZipInfo` com informações sobre o name do membro do arquivo. Chamar `getinfo()` para um nome não encontrado no arquivo levanta um `KeyError`.

`ZipFile.``infolist`()

  Retorna uma lista contendo um objeto `ZipInfo` para cada membro do arquivo. Os objetos estão na mesma ordem das entradas no arquivo ZIP em disco se um arquivo existente foi aberto.

`ZipFile.``namelist`()

  Retorna uma lista de membros do arquivo por nome.

`ZipFile.``open`(name[, mode[, pwd]])

  Extract a member from the archive as a file-like object (ZipExtFile). name is the name of the file in the archive, or a `ZipInfo` object. The mode parameter, if included, must be one of the following: `'r'` (the default), `'U'`, or `'rU'`. Choosing `'U'` or `'rU'` will enable universal newline support in the read-only object. pwd is the password used for encrypted files. Calling `open()` on a closed ZipFile will raise a `RuntimeError`.

  Nota

  The file-like object is read-only and provides the following methods: `read()`, `readline()`, `readlines()`, `__iter__()`, `next()`.

  Nota

  If the ZipFile was created by passing in a file-like object as the first argument to the constructor, then the object returned by `open()` shares the ZipFile’s file pointer. Under these circumstances, the object returned by `open()` should not be used after any additional operations are performed on the ZipFile object. If the ZipFile was created by passing in a string (the filename) as the first argument to the constructor, then `open()` will create a new file object that will be held by the ZipExtFile, allowing it to operate independently of the ZipFile.

  Nota

  Os métodos `open()`, `read()` e `extract()` podem receber um nome de arquivo ou um objeto `ZipInfo`. Você vai gostar disso quando tentar ler um arquivo ZIP que contém membros com nomes duplicados.

  Novo na versão 2.6.

`ZipFile.``extract`(member[, path[, pwd]])

  Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory; member must be its full name or a `ZipInfo` object). Its file information is extracted as accurately as possible. path specifies a different directory to extract to. member can be a filename or a `ZipInfo` object. pwd is the password used for encrypted files.

  Retorna o caminho normalizado criado (um diretório ou novo arquivo).

  Novo na versão 2.6.

  Nota

  Se um nome de arquivo membro é um caminho absoluto, o drive/UNC e (contra)barras no início serão removidos, por exemplo: `///foo/bar` se torna `foo/bar` no Unix, e `C:\foo\bar` vira `foo\bar` no Windows. E todos os componentes `".."` no nome de um arquivo membro serão removidos, por exemplo: `../../foo../../ba..r` vira `foo../ba..r`. No Windows caracteres ilegais (`:`, `<`, `>`, `|`, `"`, `?`, and `*`) são substituídos por underscore (`_`).

`ZipFile.``extractall`([path[, members[, pwd]]])

  Extrai todos os membros de um arquivo para o diretório atual. path especifica um diretório diferente para gravar os arquivos extraídos. members é opcional e deve ser um sub-conjunto da lista retornada por `namelist()`. pwd é uma senha usada para criptografar arquivos.

  Aviso

  Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection. It is possible that files are created outside of path, e.g. members that have absolute filenames starting with `"/"` or filenames with two dots `".."`.

  Alterado na versão 2.7.4: The zipfile module attempts to prevent that. See `extract()` note.

  Novo na versão 2.6.

`ZipFile.``printdir`()

  Imprime a tabela de conteúdos de um arquivo para `sys.stdout`.

`ZipFile.``setpassword`(pwd)

  Define pwd como senha padrão para extrair arquivos criptografados.

  Novo na versão 2.6.

`ZipFile.``read`(name[, pwd])

  Return the bytes of the file name in the archive. name is the name of the file in the archive, or a `ZipInfo` object. The archive must be open for read or append. pwd is the password used for encrypted files and, if specified, it will override the default password set with `setpassword()`. Calling `read()` on a closed ZipFile will raise a `RuntimeError`.

  Alterado na versão 2.6: pwd was added, and name can now be a `ZipInfo` object.

`ZipFile.``testzip`()

  Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC’s and file headers. Return the name of the first bad file, or else return `None`. Calling `testzip()` on a closed ZipFile will raise a `RuntimeError`.

`ZipFile.``write`(filename[, arcname[, compress_type]])

  Write the file named filename to the archive, giving it the archive name arcname (by default, this will be the same as filename, but without a drive letter and with leading path separators removed). If given, compress_type overrides the value given for the compression parameter to the constructor for the new entry. The archive must be open with mode `'w'` or `'a'` – calling `write()` on a ZipFile created with mode `'r'` will raise a `RuntimeError`. Calling `write()` on a closed ZipFile will raise a `RuntimeError`.

  Nota

  There is no official file name encoding for ZIP files. If you have unicode file names, you must convert them to byte strings in your desired encoding before passing them to `write()`. WinZip interprets all file names as encoded in CP437, also known as DOS Latin.

  Nota

  Nomes de arquivo compactado devem ser relativos a raiz do mesmo, isto é, não devem começar com um separador de caminho.

  Nota

  Se `arcname` (ou `filename`, se `arcname` não for informado) contém um byte nulo, o nome do arquivo no arquivo compactado será truncado no byte nulo.

`ZipFile.``writestr`(zinfo_or_arcname, bytes[, compress_type])

  Write the string bytes to the archive; zinfo_or_arcname is either the file name it will be given in the archive, or a `ZipInfo` instance. If it’s an instance, at least the filename, date, and time must be given. If it’s a name, the date and time is set to the current date and time. The archive must be opened with mode `'w'` or `'a'` – calling `writestr()` on a ZipFile created with mode `'r'` will raise a `RuntimeError`. Calling `writestr()` on a closed ZipFile will raise a `RuntimeError`.

  If given, compress_type overrides the value given for the compression parameter to the constructor for the new entry, or in the zinfo_or_arcname (if that is a `ZipInfo` instance).

  Nota

  Quando é passada uma instância de `ZipInfo` ou o parâmetro zinfo_or_arcname, o método de compactação usado será aquele especificado no compress_type da instância de `ZipInfo`. Por padrão, o construtor da classe `ZipInfo` seta este membro para `ZIP_STORED`.

  Alterado na versão 2.7: O argumento compress_type.

Os seguintes atributos de dados também estão disponíveis:

`ZipFile.``debug`

  O nível de saída de debug para usar. Pode ser setado de 0` (valor padrão, sem nenhuma saída) a `3` (com mais saída). A informação de debug é escrita em `sys.stdout`.

`ZipFile.``comment`

  The comment text associated with the ZIP file. If assigning a comment to a `ZipFile` instance created with mode ‘a’ or ‘w’, this should be a string no longer than 65535 bytes. Comments longer than this will be truncated in the written archive when `close()` is called.

## 12.4.2. Objetos PyZipFile

The `PyZipFile` constructor takes the same parameters as the `ZipFile` constructor. Instances have one method in addition to those of `ZipFile` objects.

`PyZipFile.``writepy`(pathname[, basename])

  Search for files `*.py` and add the corresponding file to the archive. The corresponding file is a `*.pyo` file if available, else a `*.pyc` file, compiling if necessary. If the pathname is a file, the filename must end with `.py`, and just the (corresponding `*.py[co]`) file is added at the top level (no path information). If the pathname is a file that does not end with `.py`, a `RuntimeError` will be raised. If it is a directory, and the directory is not a package directory, then all the files `*.py[co]` are added at the top level. If the directory is a package directory, then all `*.py[co]` are added under the package name as a file path, and if any subdirectories are package directories, all of these are added recursively. basename is intended for internal use only. The `writepy()` method makes archives with file names like this:

      string.pyc                                # Top level name
      test/__init__.pyc                         # Package directory
      test/test_support.pyc                          # Module test.test_support
      test/bogus/__init__.pyc                   # Subpackage directory
      test/bogus/myfile.pyc                     # Submodule test.bogus.myfile

## 12.4.3. ZipInfo Objects

Instances of the `ZipInfo` class are returned by the `getinfo()` and `infolist()` methods of `ZipFile` objects. Each object stores information about a single member of the ZIP archive.

Instances have the following attributes:

`ZipInfo.``filename`

  Name of the file in the archive.

`ZipInfo.``date_time`

  The time and date of the last modification to the archive member. This is a tuple of six values:

  Index | Valor
  --- | ---
  `0` | Year (>= 1980)
  `1` | Month (one-based)
  `2` | Day of month (one-based)
  `3` | Hours (zero-based)
  `4` | Minutes (zero-based)
  `5` | Seconds (zero-based)

  Nota

  The ZIP file format does not support timestamps before 1980.

`ZipInfo.``compress_type`

  Type of compression for the archive member.

`ZipInfo.``comment`

  Comment for the individual archive member.

`ZipInfo.``extra`

  Expansion field data. The PKZIP Application Note contains some comments on the internal structure of the data contained in this string.

`ZipInfo.``create_system`

  System which created ZIP archive.

`ZipInfo.``create_version`

  PKZIP version which created ZIP archive.

`ZipInfo.``extract_version`

  PKZIP version needed to extract archive.

`ZipInfo.``reserved`

  Must be zero.

`ZipInfo.``flag_bits`

  ZIP flag bits.

`ZipInfo.``volume`

  Volume number of file header.

`ZipInfo.``internal_attr`

  Internal attributes.

`ZipInfo.``external_attr`

  External file attributes.

`ZipInfo.``header_offset`

  Byte offset to the file header.

`ZipInfo.``CRC`

  CRC-32 of the uncompressed file.

`ZipInfo.``compress_size`

  Size of the compressed data.

`ZipInfo.``file_size`

  Size of the uncompressed file.

## 12.4.4. Interface de Linha de Comando

The `zipfile` module provides a simple command-line interface to interact with ZIP archives.

If you want to create a new ZIP archive, specify its name after the `-c` option and then list the filename(s) that should be included:

    $ python -m zipfile -c monty.zip spam.txt eggs.txt

Passing a directory is also acceptable:

    $ python -m zipfile -c monty.zip life-of-brian_1979/

If you want to extract a ZIP archive into the specified directory, use the `-e` option:

    $ python -m zipfile -e monty.zip target-dir/

For a list of the files in a ZIP archive, use the `-l` option:

    $ python -m zipfile -l monty.zip

### 12.4.4.1. Opções de linha de comando

`-l``<zipfile>`

  List files in a zipfile.

`-c``<zipfile> <source1> ... <sourceN>`

  Create zipfile from source files.

`-e``<zipfile> <output_dir>`

  Extract zipfile into target directory.

`-t``<zipfile>`

  Test whether the zipfile is valid or not.