Operating System Utilities¶
-
PyObject *PyOS_FSPath(PyObject *path)¶
- Wartość zwracana: nowa referencja. Część stabilnego ABI od wersji 3.6.
Return the file system representation for path. If the object is a
str
orbytes
object, then a new strong reference is returned. If the object implements theos.PathLike
interface, then__fspath__()
is returned as long as it is astr
orbytes
object. OtherwiseTypeError
is raised andNULL
is returned.Added in version 3.6.
-
int Py_FdIsInteractive(FILE *fp, const char *filename)¶
Return true (nonzero) if the standard I/O file fp with name filename is deemed interactive. This is the case for files for which
isatty(fileno(fp))
is true. If thePyConfig.interactive
is non-zero, this function also returns true if the filename pointer isNULL
or if the name is equal to one of the strings'<stdin>'
or'???'
.This function must not be called before Python is initialized.
-
void PyOS_BeforeFork()¶
- Część stabilnego ABI on platforms with fork() od wersji 3.7.
Function to prepare some internal state before a process fork. This should be called before calling
fork()
or any similar function that clones the current process. Only available on systems wherefork()
is defined.Ostrzeżenie
The C
fork()
call should only be made from the „main” thread (of the „main” interpreter). The same is true forPyOS_BeforeFork()
.Added in version 3.7.
-
void PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()¶
- Część stabilnego ABI on platforms with fork() od wersji 3.7.
Function to update some internal state after a process fork. This should be called from the parent process after calling
fork()
or any similar function that clones the current process, regardless of whether process cloning was successful. Only available on systems wherefork()
is defined.Ostrzeżenie
The C
fork()
call should only be made from the „main” thread (of the „main” interpreter). The same is true forPyOS_AfterFork_Parent()
.Added in version 3.7.
-
void PyOS_AfterFork_Child()¶
- Część stabilnego ABI on platforms with fork() od wersji 3.7.
Function to update internal interpreter state after a process fork. This must be called from the child process after calling
fork()
, or any similar function that clones the current process, if there is any chance the process will call back into the Python interpreter. Only available on systems wherefork()
is defined.Ostrzeżenie
The C
fork()
call should only be made from the „main” thread (of the „main” interpreter). The same is true forPyOS_AfterFork_Child()
.Added in version 3.7.
Zobacz także
os.register_at_fork()
allows registering custom Python functions to be called byPyOS_BeforeFork()
,PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()
andPyOS_AfterFork_Child()
.
-
void PyOS_AfterFork()¶
- Część stabilnego ABI on platforms with fork().
Function to update some internal state after a process fork; this should be called in the new process if the Python interpreter will continue to be used. If a new executable is loaded into the new process, this function does not need to be called.
Niezalecane od wersji 3.7: This function is superseded by
PyOS_AfterFork_Child()
.
-
int PyOS_CheckStack()¶
- Część stabilnego ABI on platforms with USE_STACKCHECK od wersji 3.7.
Return true when the interpreter runs out of stack space. This is a reliable check, but is only available when
USE_STACKCHECK
is defined (currently on certain versions of Windows using the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler).USE_STACKCHECK
will be defined automatically; you should never change the definition in your own code.
-
typedef void (*PyOS_sighandler_t)(int)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
-
PyOS_sighandler_t PyOS_getsig(int i)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
Return the current signal handler for signal i. This is a thin wrapper around either
sigaction()
orsignal()
. Do not call those functions directly!
-
PyOS_sighandler_t PyOS_setsig(int i, PyOS_sighandler_t h)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
Set the signal handler for signal i to be h; return the old signal handler. This is a thin wrapper around either
sigaction()
orsignal()
. Do not call those functions directly!
-
wchar_t *Py_DecodeLocale(const char *arg, size_t *size)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI od wersji 3.7.
Ostrzeżenie
This function should not be called directly: use the
PyConfig
API with thePyConfig_SetBytesString()
function which ensures that Python is preinitialized.This function must not be called before Python is preinitialized and so that the LC_CTYPE locale is properly configured: see the
Py_PreInitialize()
function.Decode a byte string from the filesystem encoding and error handler. If the error handler is surrogateescape error handler, undecodable bytes are decoded as characters in range U+DC80..U+DCFF; and if a byte sequence can be decoded as a surrogate character, the bytes are escaped using the surrogateescape error handler instead of decoding them.
Return a pointer to a newly allocated wide character string, use
PyMem_RawFree()
to free the memory. If size is notNULL
, write the number of wide characters excluding the null character into*size
Return
NULL
on decoding error or memory allocation error. If size is notNULL
,*size
is set to(size_t)-1
on memory error or set to(size_t)-2
on decoding error.The filesystem encoding and error handler are selected by
PyConfig_Read()
: seefilesystem_encoding
andfilesystem_errors
members ofPyConfig
.Decoding errors should never happen, unless there is a bug in the C library.
Use the
Py_EncodeLocale()
function to encode the character string back to a byte string.Zobacz także
The
PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize()
andPyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize()
functions.Added in version 3.5.
Zmienione w wersji 3.7: The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding in the Python UTF-8 Mode.
Zmienione w wersji 3.8: The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding on Windows if
PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding
is zero;
-
char *Py_EncodeLocale(const wchar_t *text, size_t *error_pos)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI od wersji 3.7.
Encode a wide character string to the filesystem encoding and error handler. If the error handler is surrogateescape error handler, surrogate characters in the range U+DC80..U+DCFF are converted to bytes 0x80..0xFF.
Return a pointer to a newly allocated byte string, use
PyMem_Free()
to free the memory. ReturnNULL
on encoding error or memory allocation error.If error_pos is not
NULL
,*error_pos
is set to(size_t)-1
on success, or set to the index of the invalid character on encoding error.The filesystem encoding and error handler are selected by
PyConfig_Read()
: seefilesystem_encoding
andfilesystem_errors
members ofPyConfig
.Use the
Py_DecodeLocale()
function to decode the bytes string back to a wide character string.Ostrzeżenie
This function must not be called before Python is preinitialized and so that the LC_CTYPE locale is properly configured: see the
Py_PreInitialize()
function.Zobacz także
The
PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault()
andPyUnicode_EncodeLocale()
functions.Added in version 3.5.
Zmienione w wersji 3.7: The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding in the Python UTF-8 Mode.
Zmienione w wersji 3.8: The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding on Windows if
PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding
is zero.
System Functions¶
These are utility functions that make functionality from the sys
module
accessible to C code. They all work with the current interpreter thread’s
sys
module’s dict, which is contained in the internal thread state structure.
-
PyObject *PySys_GetObject(const char *name)¶
- Wartość zwracana: pożyczona referencja. Część stabilnego ABI.
Return the object name from the
sys
module orNULL
if it does not exist, without setting an exception.
-
int PySys_SetObject(const char *name, PyObject *v)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
Set name in the
sys
module to v unless v isNULL
, in which case name is deleted from the sys module. Returns0
on success,-1
on error.
-
void PySys_ResetWarnOptions()¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
Reset
sys.warnoptions
to an empty list. This function may be called prior toPy_Initialize()
.Deprecated since version 3.13, will be removed in version 3.15: Clear
sys.warnoptions
andwarnings.filters
instead.
-
void PySys_WriteStdout(const char *format, ...)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
Write the output string described by format to
sys.stdout
. No exceptions are raised, even if truncation occurs (see below).format should limit the total size of the formatted output string to 1000 bytes or less – after 1000 bytes, the output string is truncated. In particular, this means that no unrestricted „%s” formats should occur; these should be limited using „%.<N>s” where <N> is a decimal number calculated so that <N> plus the maximum size of other formatted text does not exceed 1000 bytes. Also watch out for „%f”, which can print hundreds of digits for very large numbers.
If a problem occurs, or
sys.stdout
is unset, the formatted message is written to the real (C level) stdout.
-
void PySys_WriteStderr(const char *format, ...)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
As
PySys_WriteStdout()
, but write tosys.stderr
or stderr instead.
-
void PySys_FormatStdout(const char *format, ...)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
Function similar to PySys_WriteStdout() but format the message using
PyUnicode_FromFormatV()
and don’t truncate the message to an arbitrary length.Added in version 3.2.
-
void PySys_FormatStderr(const char *format, ...)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
As
PySys_FormatStdout()
, but write tosys.stderr
or stderr instead.Added in version 3.2.
-
PyObject *PySys_GetXOptions()¶
- Wartość zwracana: pożyczona referencja. Część stabilnego ABI od wersji 3.7.
Return the current dictionary of
-X
options, similarly tosys._xoptions
. On error,NULL
is returned and an exception is set.Added in version 3.2.
-
int PySys_Audit(const char *event, const char *format, ...)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI od wersji 3.13.
Raise an auditing event with any active hooks. Return zero for success and non-zero with an exception set on failure.
The event string argument must not be NULL.
If any hooks have been added, format and other arguments will be used to construct a tuple to pass. Apart from
N
, the same format characters as used inPy_BuildValue()
are available. If the built value is not a tuple, it will be added into a single-element tuple.The
N
format option must not be used. It consumes a reference, but since there is no way to know whether arguments to this function will be consumed, using it may cause reference leaks.Note that
#
format characters should always be treated asPy_ssize_t
, regardless of whetherPY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
was defined.sys.audit()
performs the same function from Python code.See also
PySys_AuditTuple()
.Added in version 3.8.
Zmienione w wersji 3.8.2: Require
Py_ssize_t
for#
format characters. Previously, an unavoidable deprecation warning was raised.
-
int PySys_AuditTuple(const char *event, PyObject *args)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI od wersji 3.13.
Similar to
PySys_Audit()
, but pass arguments as a Python object. args must be atuple
. To pass no arguments, args can be NULL.Added in version 3.13.
-
int PySys_AddAuditHook(Py_AuditHookFunction hook, void *userData)¶
Append the callable hook to the list of active auditing hooks. Return zero on success and non-zero on failure. If the runtime has been initialized, also set an error on failure. Hooks added through this API are called for all interpreters created by the runtime.
The userData pointer is passed into the hook function. Since hook functions may be called from different runtimes, this pointer should not refer directly to Python state.
This function is safe to call before
Py_Initialize()
. When called after runtime initialization, existing audit hooks are notified and may silently abort the operation by raising an error subclassed fromException
(other errors will not be silenced).The hook function is always called with the GIL held by the Python interpreter that raised the event.
See PEP 578 for a detailed description of auditing. Functions in the runtime and standard library that raise events are listed in the audit events table. Details are in each function’s documentation.
If the interpreter is initialized, this function raises an auditing event
sys.addaudithook
with no arguments. If any existing hooks raise an exception derived fromException
, the new hook will not be added and the exception is cleared. As a result, callers cannot assume that their hook has been added unless they control all existing hooks.-
typedef int (*Py_AuditHookFunction)(const char *event, PyObject *args, void *userData)¶
The type of the hook function. event is the C string event argument passed to
PySys_Audit()
orPySys_AuditTuple()
. args is guaranteed to be aPyTupleObject
. userData is the argument passed to PySys_AddAuditHook().
Added in version 3.8.
-
typedef int (*Py_AuditHookFunction)(const char *event, PyObject *args, void *userData)¶
Process Control¶
-
void Py_FatalError(const char *message)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
Print a fatal error message and kill the process. No cleanup is performed. This function should only be invoked when a condition is detected that would make it dangerous to continue using the Python interpreter; e.g., when the object administration appears to be corrupted. On Unix, the standard C library function
abort()
is called which will attempt to produce acore
file.The
Py_FatalError()
function is replaced with a macro which logs automatically the name of the current function, unless thePy_LIMITED_API
macro is defined.Zmienione w wersji 3.9: Log the function name automatically.
-
void Py_Exit(int status)¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
Exit the current process. This calls
Py_FinalizeEx()
and then calls the standard C library functionexit(status)
. IfPy_FinalizeEx()
indicates an error, the exit status is set to 120.Zmienione w wersji 3.6: Errors from finalization no longer ignored.
-
int Py_AtExit(void (*func)())¶
- Część stabilnego ABI.
Register a cleanup function to be called by
Py_FinalizeEx()
. The cleanup function will be called with no arguments and should return no value. At most 32 cleanup functions can be registered. When the registration is successful,Py_AtExit()
returns0
; on failure, it returns-1
. The cleanup function registered last is called first. Each cleanup function will be called at most once. Since Python’s internal finalization will have completed before the cleanup function, no Python APIs should be called by func.