termios
— POSIX style tty control¶
This module provides an interface to the POSIX calls for tty I/O control. For a complete description of these calls, see termios(3) Unix manual page. It is only available for those Unix versions that support POSIX termios style tty I/O control configured during installation.
Availability: Unix.
All functions in this module take a file descriptor fd as their first
argument. This can be an integer file descriptor, such as returned by
sys.stdin.fileno()
, or a file object, such as sys.stdin
itself.
This module also defines all the constants needed to work with the functions provided here; these have the same name as their counterparts in C. Please refer to your system documentation for more information on using these terminal control interfaces.
The module defines the following functions:
- termios.tcgetattr(fd)¶
Return a list containing the tty attributes for file descriptor fd, as follows:
[iflag, oflag, cflag, lflag, ispeed, ospeed, cc]
where cc is a list of the tty special characters (each a string of length 1, except the items with indicesVMIN
andVTIME
, which are integers when these fields are defined). The interpretation of the flags and the speeds as well as the indexing in the cc array must be done using the symbolic constants defined in thetermios
module.
- termios.tcsetattr(fd, when, attributes)¶
Set the tty attributes for file descriptor fd from the attributes, which is a list like the one returned by
tcgetattr()
. The when argument determines when the attributes are changed:- termios.TCSANOW¶
Change attributes immediately.
- termios.TCSADRAIN¶
Change attributes after transmitting all queued output.
- termios.TCSAFLUSH¶
Change attributes after transmitting all queued output and discarding all queued input.
- termios.tcsendbreak(fd, duration)¶
Send a break on file descriptor fd. A zero duration sends a break for 0.25–0.5 seconds; a nonzero duration has a system dependent meaning.
- termios.tcdrain(fd)¶
Wait until all output written to file descriptor fd has been transmitted.
- termios.tcflush(fd, queue)¶
Discard queued data on file descriptor fd. The queue selector specifies which queue:
TCIFLUSH
for the input queue,TCOFLUSH
for the output queue, orTCIOFLUSH
for both queues.
- termios.tcflow(fd, action)¶
Suspend or resume input or output on file descriptor fd. The action argument can be
TCOOFF
to suspend output,TCOON
to restart output,TCIOFF
to suspend input, orTCION
to restart input.
- termios.tcgetwinsize(fd)¶
Return a tuple
(ws_row, ws_col)
containing the tty window size for file descriptor fd. Requirestermios.TIOCGWINSZ
ortermios.TIOCGSIZE
.Added in version 3.11.
- termios.tcsetwinsize(fd, winsize)¶
Set the tty window size for file descriptor fd from winsize, which is a two-item tuple
(ws_row, ws_col)
like the one returned bytcgetwinsize()
. Requires at least one of the pairs (termios.TIOCGWINSZ
,termios.TIOCSWINSZ
); (termios.TIOCGSIZE
,termios.TIOCSSIZE
) to be defined.Added in version 3.11.
See also
- Module
tty
Convenience functions for common terminal control operations.
Example¶
Here’s a function that prompts for a password with echoing turned off. Note the
technique using a separate tcgetattr()
call and a try
…
finally
statement to ensure that the old tty attributes are restored
exactly no matter what happens:
def getpass(prompt="Password: "):
import termios, sys
fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
old = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
new = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
new[3] = new[3] & ~termios.ECHO # lflags
try:
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, new)
passwd = input(prompt)
finally:
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old)
return passwd