인터넷 프로토콜과 지원¶
The modules described in this chapter implement internet protocols and support
for related technology. They are all implemented in Python. Most of these
modules require the presence of the system-dependent module socket, which
is currently supported on most popular platforms. Here is an overview:
webbrowser— Convenient web-browser controllerwsgiref— WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementationwsgiref.util– WSGI 환경 유틸리티wsgiref.headers– WSGI 응답 헤더 도구wsgiref.simple_server– 간단한 WSGI HTTP 서버wsgiref.validate— WSGI 적합성 검사기wsgiref.handlers– 서버/게이트웨이 베이스 클래스CGIHandlerIISCGIHandlerBaseCGIHandlerSimpleHandlerBaseHandlerrun()_write()_flush()get_stdin()get_stderr()add_cgi_vars()wsgi_multithreadwsgi_multiprocesswsgi_run_onceos_environserver_softwareget_scheme()setup_environ()log_exception()traceback_limiterror_output()error_statuserror_headerserror_bodywsgi_file_wrappersendfile()origin_serverhttp_version
read_environ()
wsgiref.types– WSGI types for static type checking- 예제
urllib— URL handling modulesurllib.request— Extensible library for opening URLsurlopen()install_opener()build_opener()pathname2url()url2pathname()getproxies()RequestOpenerDirectorBaseHandlerHTTPDefaultErrorHandlerHTTPRedirectHandlerHTTPCookieProcessorProxyHandlerHTTPPasswordMgrHTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealmHTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuthAbstractBasicAuthHandlerHTTPBasicAuthHandlerProxyBasicAuthHandlerAbstractDigestAuthHandlerHTTPDigestAuthHandlerProxyDigestAuthHandlerHTTPHandlerHTTPSHandlerFileHandlerDataHandlerFTPHandlerCacheFTPHandlerUnknownHandlerHTTPErrorProcessor- Request 객체
- OpenerDirector 객체
- BaseHandler 객체
- HTTPRedirectHandler 객체
- HTTPCookieProcessor 객체
- ProxyHandler 객체
- HTTPPasswordMgr 객체
- HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth 객체
- AbstractBasicAuthHandler 객체
- HTTPBasicAuthHandler 객체
- ProxyBasicAuthHandler 객체
- AbstractDigestAuthHandler 객체
- HTTPDigestAuthHandler 객체
- ProxyDigestAuthHandler 객체
- HTTPHandler 객체
- HTTPSHandler 객체
- FileHandler 객체
- DataHandler 객체
- FTPHandler 객체
- CacheFTPHandler 객체
- UnknownHandler 객체
- HTTPErrorProcessor 객체
- 예
- 레거시 인터페이스
urllib.request제약 사항
urllib.response— urllib가 사용하는 응답 클래스urllib.parse— Parse URLs into componentsurllib.error— Exception classes raised by urllib.requesturllib.robotparser— Parser for robots.txthttp— HTTP moduleshttp.client— HTTP protocol clientHTTPConnectionHTTPSConnectionHTTPResponseparse_headers()HTTPExceptionNotConnectedInvalidURLUnknownProtocolUnknownTransferEncodingUnimplementedFileModeIncompleteReadImproperConnectionStateCannotSendRequestCannotSendHeaderResponseNotReadyBadStatusLineLineTooLongRemoteDisconnectedHTTP_PORTHTTPS_PORTresponses- HTTPConnection 객체
- HTTPResponse 객체
- 예
- HTTPMessage 객체
ftplib— FTP protocol clientpoplib— POP3 protocol clientimaplib— IMAP4 protocol clientIMAP4errorabortreadonlyIMAP4_SSLIMAP4_streamInternaldate2tuple()Int2AP()ParseFlags()Time2Internaldate()- IMAP4 객체
append()authenticate()check()close()copy()create()delete()deleteacl()enable()expunge()fetch()getacl()getannotation()getquota()getquotaroot()list()login()login_cram_md5()logout()lsub()myrights()namespace()noop()open()partial()proxyauth()read()readline()recent()rename()response()search()select()send()setacl()setannotation()setquota()shutdown()socket()sort()starttls()status()store()subscribe()thread()uid()unsubscribe()unselect()xatom()PROTOCOL_VERSIONdebugutf8_enabled
- IMAP4 예
smtplib— SMTP protocol clientuuid— UUID objects according to RFC 9562SafeUUIDUUIDbytesbytes_lefieldstime_lowtime_midtime_hi_versionclock_seq_hi_variantclock_seq_lownodetimeclock_seqhexinturnvariantversionis_safegetnode()uuid1()uuid3()uuid4()uuid5()uuid8()NAMESPACE_DNSNAMESPACE_URLNAMESPACE_OIDNAMESPACE_X500RESERVED_NCSRFC_4122RESERVED_MICROSOFTRESERVED_FUTURE- Command-Line Usage
- 예제
- Command-Line Example
socketserver— A framework for network serversTCPServerUDPServerUnixStreamServerUnixDatagramServer- 서버 생성 노트
- 서버 객체
BaseServerfileno()handle_request()serve_forever()service_actions()shutdown()server_close()address_familyRequestHandlerClassserver_addresssocketallow_reuse_addressrequest_queue_sizesocket_typetimeoutfinish_request()get_request()handle_error()handle_timeout()process_request()server_activate()server_bind()verify_request()
- 요청 처리기 객체
- 예
http.server— HTTP serversHTTPServerThreadingHTTPServerBaseHTTPRequestHandlerclient_addressserverclose_connectionrequestlinecommandpathrequest_versionheadersrfilewfileserver_versionsys_versionerror_message_formaterror_content_typeprotocol_versionMessageClassresponseshandle()handle_one_request()handle_expect_100()send_error()send_response()send_header()send_response_only()end_headers()flush_headers()log_request()log_error()log_message()version_string()date_time_string()log_date_time_string()address_string()
SimpleHTTPRequestHandlerCGIHTTPRequestHandler- Security Considerations
http.cookies— HTTP state managementhttp.cookiejar— Cookie handling for HTTP clientsLoadErrorCookieJarFileCookieJarCookiePolicyDefaultCookiePolicyCookie- CookieJar와 FileCookieJar 객체
- FileCookieJar 서브 클래스와 웹 브라우저와의 협력
- CookiePolicy 객체
- DefaultCookiePolicy 객체
blocked_domains()set_blocked_domains()is_blocked()allowed_domains()set_allowed_domains()is_not_allowed()rfc2109_as_netscapestrict_domainstrict_rfc2965_unverifiablestrict_ns_unverifiablestrict_ns_domainstrict_ns_set_initial_dollarstrict_ns_set_pathDomainStrictNoDotsDomainStrictNonDomainDomainRFC2965MatchDomainLiberalDomainStrict
- Cookie 객체
- 예
xmlrpc— XMLRPC server and client modulesxmlrpc.client— XML-RPC client accessxmlrpc.server— Basic XML-RPC serversipaddress— IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library- 편의 팩토리 함수
- IP 주소
- IP 네트워크 정의
- 접두사, 네트 마스크 및 호스트 마스크
- 네트워크 객체
IPv4Networkversionmax_prefixlenis_multicastis_privateis_unspecifiedis_reservedis_loopbackis_link_localnetwork_addressbroadcast_addresshostmasknetmaskwith_prefixlencompressedexplodedwith_netmaskwith_hostmasknum_addressesprefixlenhosts()overlaps()address_exclude()subnets()supernet()subnet_of()supernet_of()compare_networks()
IPv6Networkversionmax_prefixlenis_multicastis_privateis_unspecifiedis_reservedis_loopbackis_link_localnetwork_addressbroadcast_addresshostmasknetmaskwith_prefixlencompressedexplodedwith_netmaskwith_hostmasknum_addressesprefixlenhosts()overlaps()address_exclude()subnets()supernet()subnet_of()supernet_of()compare_networks()is_site_local
- 연산자
- 인터페이스 객체
- 다른 모듈 수준 함수
- 맞춤 예외