데이터형

이 장에서 설명하는 모듈은 날짜와 시간, 고정형 배열, 힙 큐, 데크, 열거형과 같은 다양한 특수 데이터형을 제공합니다.

파이썬은 또한 일부 내장 데이터형, 특히 dict, list, set과 frozenset, tuple을 제공합니다. str 클래스는 유니코드 문자열을 저장하는 데 사용되고, bytes와 bytearray 클래스는 바이너리 데이터를 저장하는 데 사용됩니다.

이 장에서는 다음 모듈에 관해 설명합니다:

• datetime — Basic date and time types
  • 어웨어와 나이브 객체
  • 상수
    • MINYEAR
    • MAXYEAR
    • UTC
  • 사용 가능한 형
    • 공통 속성
    • 객체가 어웨어한지 나이브한지 판단하기
  • timedelta 객체
    • timedelta
    • min
    • max
    • resolution
    • days
    • seconds
    • microseconds
    • total_seconds()
    • 사용 예: timedelta
  • date 객체
    • date
    • today()
    • fromtimestamp()
    • fromordinal()
    • fromisoformat()
    • fromisocalendar()
    • strptime()
    • min
    • max
    • resolution
    • year
    • month
    • day
    • replace()
    • timetuple()
    • toordinal()
    • weekday()
    • isoweekday()
    • isocalendar()
    • isoformat()
    • __str__()
    • ctime()
    • strftime()
    • __format__()
    • 사용 예: date
  • datetime 객체
    • datetime
    • today()
    • now()
    • utcnow()
    • fromtimestamp()
    • utcfromtimestamp()
    • fromordinal()
    • combine()
    • fromisoformat()
    • fromisocalendar()
    • strptime()
    • min
    • max
    • resolution
    • year
    • month
    • day
    • hour
    • minute
    • second
    • microsecond
    • tzinfo
    • fold
    • date()
    • time()
    • timetz()
    • replace()
    • astimezone()
    • utcoffset()
    • dst()
    • tzname()
    • timetuple()
    • utctimetuple()
    • toordinal()
    • timestamp()
    • weekday()
    • isoweekday()
    • isocalendar()
    • isoformat()
    • __str__()
    • ctime()
    • strftime()
    • __format__()
    • 사용 예: datetime
  • time 객체
    • time
    • min
    • max
    • resolution
    • hour
    • minute
    • second
    • microsecond
    • tzinfo
    • fold
    • fromisoformat()
    • strptime()
    • replace()
    • isoformat()
    • __str__()
    • strftime()
    • __format__()
    • utcoffset()
    • dst()
    • tzname()
    • 사용 예: time
  • tzinfo 객체
    • tzinfo
    • utcoffset()
    • dst()
    • tzname()
    • fromutc()
  • timezone 객체
    • timezone
    • utcoffset()
    • tzname()
    • dst()
    • fromutc()
    • utc
  • strftime() and strptime() Behavior
    • strftime() and strptime() Format Codes
    • 기술적 세부 사항
• zoneinfo — IANA time zone support
  • ZoneInfo 사용하기
  • 데이터 소스
    • 데이터 소스 구성
      • 컴파일 시간 구성
      • 환경 구성
      • 실행 시간 구성
  • ZoneInfo 클래스
    • ZoneInfo
    • from_file()
    • no_cache()
    • clear_cache()
    • key
    • 문자열 표현
    • 피클 직렬화
  • 함수
    • available_timezones()
    • reset_tzpath()
  • 전역
    • TZPATH
  • 예외와 경고
    • ZoneInfoNotFoundError
    • InvalidTZPathWarning
• calendar — General calendar-related functions
  • Calendar
    • iterweekdays()
    • itermonthdates()
    • itermonthdays()
    • itermonthdays2()
    • itermonthdays3()
    • itermonthdays4()
    • monthdatescalendar()
    • monthdays2calendar()
    • monthdayscalendar()
    • yeardatescalendar()
    • yeardays2calendar()
    • yeardayscalendar()
  • TextCalendar
    • formatmonth()
    • prmonth()
    • formatyear()
    • pryear()
  • HTMLCalendar
    • formatmonth()
    • formatyear()
    • formatyearpage()
    • formatmonthname()
    • cssclasses
    • cssclass_noday
    • cssclasses_weekday_head
    • cssclass_month_head
    • cssclass_month
    • cssclass_year
    • cssclass_year_head
  • LocaleTextCalendar
  • LocaleHTMLCalendar
  • setfirstweekday()
  • firstweekday()
  • isleap()
  • leapdays()
  • weekday()
  • weekheader()
  • monthrange()
  • monthcalendar()
  • prmonth()
  • month()
  • prcal()
  • calendar()
  • timegm()
  • day_name
  • day_abbr
  • MONDAY
  • TUESDAY
  • WEDNESDAY
  • THURSDAY
  • FRIDAY
  • SATURDAY
  • SUNDAY
  • Day
  • month_name
  • month_abbr
  • JANUARY
  • FEBRUARY
  • MARCH
  • APRIL
  • MAY
  • JUNE
  • JULY
  • AUGUST
  • SEPTEMBER
  • OCTOBER
  • NOVEMBER
  • DECEMBER
  • Month
  • IllegalMonthError
    • month
  • IllegalWeekdayError
    • weekday
  • Command-Line Usage
• collections — Container datatypes
  • ChainMap 객체
    • ChainMap
      • maps
      • new_child()
      • parents
    • ChainMap 예제와 조리법
  • Counter 객체
    • Counter
      • elements()
      • most_common()
      • subtract()
      • total()
      • fromkeys()
      • update()
  • deque 객체
    • deque
      • append()
      • appendleft()
      • clear()
      • copy()
      • count()
      • extend()
      • extendleft()
      • index()
      • insert()
      • pop()
      • popleft()
      • remove()
      • reverse()
      • rotate()
      • maxlen
    • deque 조리법
  • defaultdict 객체
    • defaultdict
      • __missing__()
      • default_factory
    • defaultdict 예
  • 이름있는 필드를 가진 튜플을 위한 namedtuple() 팩토리 함수
    • namedtuple()
    • _make()
    • _asdict()
    • _replace()
    • _fields
    • _field_defaults
  • OrderedDict 객체
    • OrderedDict
      • popitem()
      • move_to_end()
    • OrderedDict 예제와 조리법
  • UserDict 객체
    • UserDict
      • data
  • UserList 객체
    • UserList
      • data
  • UserString 객체
    • UserString
      • data
• collections.abc — Abstract Base Classes for Containers
  • Collections 추상 베이스 클래스
  • Collections Abstract Base Classes – Detailed Descriptions
    • Container
    • Hashable
    • Sized
    • Callable
    • Iterable
    • Collection
    • Iterator
    • Reversible
    • Generator
    • Sequence
    • MutableSequence
    • Set
    • MutableSet
    • Mapping
    • MutableMapping
    • MappingView
    • ItemsView
    • KeysView
    • ValuesView
    • Awaitable
    • Coroutine
    • AsyncIterable
    • AsyncIterator
    • AsyncGenerator
    • Buffer
  • Examples and Recipes
• heapq — Heap queue algorithm
  • heappush()
  • heappop()
  • heappushpop()
  • heapify()
  • heapreplace()
  • merge()
  • nlargest()
  • nsmallest()
  • 기본 예
  • 우선순위 큐 구현 참고 사항
  • 이론
• bisect — Array bisection algorithm
  • bisect_left()
  • bisect_right()
  • bisect()
  • insort_left()
  • insort_right()
  • insort()
  • Performance Notes
  • 정렬된 리스트 검색하기
  • Examples
• array — Efficient arrays of numeric values
  • typecodes
  • array
    • typecode
    • itemsize
    • append()
    • buffer_info()
    • byteswap()
    • count()
    • extend()
    • frombytes()
    • fromfile()
    • fromlist()
    • fromunicode()
    • index()
    • insert()
    • pop()
    • remove()
    • clear()
    • reverse()
    • tobytes()
    • tofile()
    • tolist()
    • tounicode()
• weakref — 약한 참조
  • ref
    • __callback__
  • proxy()
  • getweakrefcount()
  • getweakrefs()
  • WeakKeyDictionary
  • keyrefs()
  • WeakValueDictionary
  • valuerefs()
  • WeakSet
  • WeakMethod
  • finalize
    • __call__()
    • detach()
    • peek()
    • alive
    • atexit
  • ReferenceType
  • ProxyType
  • CallableProxyType
  • ProxyTypes
  • 약한 참조 객체
  • 예
  • 파이널라이저 객체
  • Comparing finalizers with __del__() methods
• types — Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types
  • 동적 형 생성
    • new_class()
    • prepare_class()
    • resolve_bases()
    • get_original_bases()
  • 표준 인터프리터 형
    • NoneType
    • FunctionType
    • LambdaType
    • GeneratorType
    • CoroutineType
    • AsyncGeneratorType
    • CodeType
    • CellType
    • MethodType
    • BuiltinFunctionType
    • BuiltinMethodType
    • WrapperDescriptorType
    • MethodWrapperType
    • NotImplementedType
    • MethodDescriptorType
    • ClassMethodDescriptorType
    • ModuleType
    • EllipsisType
    • GenericAlias
    • UnionType
    • TracebackType
    • FrameType
    • GetSetDescriptorType
    • MemberDescriptorType
    • MappingProxyType
      • copy()
      • get()
      • items()
      • keys()
      • values()
    • CapsuleType
  • 추가 유틸리티 클래스와 함수
    • SimpleNamespace
    • DynamicClassAttribute()
  • 코루틴 유틸리티 함수
    • coroutine()
• copy — Shallow and deep copy operations
  • copy()
  • deepcopy()
  • replace()
  • Error
  • __copy__()
  • __deepcopy__()
  • __replace__()
• pprint — Data pretty printer
  • Functions
    • pp()
    • pprint()
    • pformat()
    • isreadable()
    • isrecursive()
    • saferepr()
  • PrettyPrinter 객체
    • PrettyPrinter
    • pformat()
    • pprint()
    • isreadable()
    • isrecursive()
    • format()
  • 예제
• reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation
  • Repr
  • aRepr
  • repr()
  • recursive_repr()
  • Repr 객체
    • fillvalue
    • maxlevel
    • maxdict
    • maxlist
    • maxtuple
    • maxset
    • maxfrozenset
    • maxdeque
    • maxarray
    • maxlong
    • maxstring
    • maxother
    • indent
    • repr()
    • repr1()
  • Repr 객체 서브 클래싱
• enum — Support for enumerations
  • 모듈 내용
  • Data Types
    • EnumType
      • __call__()
      • __contains__()
      • __dir__()
      • __getitem__()
      • __iter__()
      • __len__()
      • __members__
      • __reversed__()
      • _add_alias_()
      • _add_value_alias_()
    • Enum
      • name
      • value
      • _name_
      • _value_
      • _order_
      • _ignore_
      • __dir__()
      • _generate_next_value_()
      • __init__()
      • __init_subclass__()
      • _missing_()
      • __new__()
      • __repr__()
      • __str__()
      • __format__()
    • IntEnum
    • StrEnum
    • Flag
      • __contains__()
      • __or__()
      • __and__()
      • __xor__()
      • _numeric_repr_()
    • IntFlag
    • ReprEnum
    • EnumCheck
      • UNIQUE
      • CONTINUOUS
      • NAMED_FLAGS
    • FlagBoundary
      • STRICT
      • CONFORM
      • EJECT
      • KEEP
    • 지원되는 __dunder__ 이름
    • 지원되는 _sunder_ 이름
  • Utilities and Decorators
    • auto
    • property()
    • unique()
    • verify()
    • member()
    • nonmember()
    • global_enum()
    • show_flag_values()
  • Notes
• graphlib — Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
  • TopologicalSorter
    • add()
    • prepare()
    • is_active()
    • done()
    • get_ready()
    • static_order()
  • 예외
    • CycleError