# `unicodedata` — 유니코드 데이터베이스

This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database (UCD) which defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The data contained in this database is compiled from the UCD version 17.0.0.

모듈은 유니코드 표준 부속서 #44, “유니코드 문자 데이터베이스”에 정의된 것과 같은 이름과 기호를 사용합니다. 다음과 같은 함수를 정의합니다:

더 보기

The 유니코드 HOWTO for more information about Unicode and how to use this module.

unicodedata.lookup(name, /)

  Look up character by name. If a character with the given name is found, return the corresponding character. If not found, `KeyError` is raised. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.lookup('LEFT CURLY BRACKET')
      '{'

  The characters returned by this function are the same as those produced by `\N` escape sequence in string literals. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.lookup('MIDDLE DOT') == '\N{MIDDLE DOT}'
      True

  버전 3.3에서 변경: 이름 별칭 [1] 과 명명된 시퀀스 [2] 가 추가되었습니다.

unicodedata.name(chr, default=None, /)

  Returns the name assigned to the character chr as a string. If no name is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, `ValueError` is raised. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.name('½')
      'VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF'
      >>> unicodedata.name('\uFFFF', 'fallback')
      'fallback'

unicodedata.decimal(chr, default=None, /)

  Returns the decimal value assigned to the character chr as integer. If no such value is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, `ValueError` is raised. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.decimal('\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE}')
      9
      >>> unicodedata.decimal('\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}', -1)
      -1

unicodedata.digit(chr, default=None, /)

  Returns the digit value assigned to the character chr as integer. If no such value is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, `ValueError` is raised:

      >>> unicodedata.digit('\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}')
      9

unicodedata.numeric(chr, default=None, /)

  Returns the numeric value assigned to the character chr as float. If no such value is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, `ValueError` is raised:

      >>> unicodedata.numeric('½')
      0.5

unicodedata.category(chr, /)

  Returns the general category assigned to the character chr as string. General category names consist of two letters. See the General Category Values section of the Unicode Character Database documentation for a list of category codes. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.category('A')  # 'L'etter, 'u'ppercase
      'Lu'

unicodedata.bidirectional(chr, /)

  Returns the bidirectional class assigned to the character chr as string. If no such value is defined, an empty string is returned. See the Bidirectional Class Values section of the Unicode Character Database documentation for a list of bidirectional codes. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.bidirectional('\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN}') # 'A'rabic, 'N'umber
      'AN'

unicodedata.combining(chr, /)

  Returns the canonical combining class assigned to the character chr as integer. Returns `0` if no combining class is defined. See the Canonical Combining Class Values section of the Unicode Character Database for more information.

unicodedata.east_asian_width(chr, /)

  Returns the east asian width assigned to the character chr as string. For a list of widths and or more information, see the Unicode Standard Annex #11.

unicodedata.mirrored(chr, /)

  Returns the mirrored property assigned to the character chr as integer. Returns `1` if the character has been identified as a “mirrored” character in bidirectional text, `0` otherwise. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.mirrored('>')
      1

unicodedata.isxidstart(chr, /)

  Return `True` if chr is a valid identifier start per the Unicode Standard Annex #31, that is, it has the `XID_Start` property. Return `False` otherwise. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.isxidstart('S')
      True
      >>> unicodedata.isxidstart('0')
      False

  Added in version 3.15.

unicodedata.isxidcontinue(chr, /)

  Return `True` if chr is a valid identifier character per the Unicode Standard Annex #31, that is, it has the `XID_Continue` property. Return `False` otherwise. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.isxidcontinue('S')
      True
      >>> unicodedata.isxidcontinue(' ')
      False

  Added in version 3.15.

unicodedata.decomposition(chr, /)

  Returns the character decomposition mapping assigned to the character chr as string. An empty string is returned in case no such mapping is defined. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.decomposition('Ã')
      '0041 0303'

unicodedata.grapheme_cluster_break(chr, /)

  Returns the Grapheme_Cluster_Break property assigned to the character.

  Added in version 3.15.

unicodedata.indic_conjunct_break(chr, /)

  Returns the Indic_Conjunct_Break property assigned to the character.

  Added in version 3.15.

unicodedata.extended_pictographic(chr, /)

  Returns `True` if the character has the Extended_Pictographic property, `False` otherwise.

  Added in version 3.15.

unicodedata.normalize(form, unistr, /)

  유니코드 문자열 unistr에 대한 정규화 형식(normal form) form을 반환합니다. form의 유효한 값은 ‘NFC’, ‘NFKC’, ‘NFD’ 및 ‘NFKD’ 입니다.

  유니코드 표준은 정준 동등성(canonical equivalence) 및 호환 동등성(compatibility equivalence)의 정의를 기반으로, 유니코드 문자열의 다양한 정규화 형식을 정의합니다. 유니코드에서, 여러 문자를 다양한 방법으로 표현할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, U+00C7 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA) 은 시퀀스 U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C) U+0327 (COMBINING CEDILLA) 로도 표현할 수 있습니다.

  각 문자에는, 두 개의 정규화 형식이 있습니다: 정규화 형식 C와 정규화 형식 D. 정규화 형식 D(NFD)는 정준 분해라고도 하며, 각 문자를 분해된 형식으로 변환합니다. 정규화 형식 C(NFC)는 먼저 정준 분해를 적용한 다음, 미리 결합한 문자로 다시 조합합니다.

  In addition to these two forms, there are two additional normal forms based on compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, certain characters are supported which normally would be unified with other characters. For example, U+2160 (ROMAN NUMERAL ONE) is really the same thing as U+0049 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I). However, it is supported in Unicode for compatibility with existing character sets (for example, gb2312).

  The normal form KD (NFKD) will apply the compatibility decomposition, that is, replace all compatibility characters with their equivalents. The normal form KC (NFKC) first applies the compatibility decomposition, followed by the canonical composition.

  두 개의 유니코드 문자열이 정규화되고, 사람이 보기에 같아 보여도, 하나가 결합한 문자를 갖고 다른 것은 그렇지 않으면, 같다고 비교되지 않을 수 있습니다.

unicodedata.is_normalized(form, unistr, /)

  유니코드 문자열 unistr이 정규화 형식 form인지를 반환합니다. form의 유효한 값은 ‘NFC’, ‘NFKC’, ‘NFD’ 및 ‘NFKD’ 입니다.

  Added in version 3.8.

unicodedata.iter_graphemes(unistr, start=0, end=sys.maxsize, /)

  Returns an iterator to iterate over grapheme clusters. With optional start, iteration begins at that position. With optional end, iteration stops at that position.

  Converting an emitted item to string returns a substring corresponding to the grapheme cluster. Its `start` and `end` attributes denote the start and end of the grapheme cluster.

  It uses extended grapheme cluster rules defined by Unicode Standard Annex #29, “Unicode Text Segmentation”.

  Added in version 3.15.

또한, 이 모듈은 다음 상수를 노출합니다:

unicodedata.unidata_version

  이 모듈에 사용된 유니코드 데이터베이스의 버전.

unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0

  This is an object that has most of the methods of the entire module, but uses the Unicode database version 3.2 instead, for applications that require this specific version of the Unicode database (such as IDNA).

각주

[1]

https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt

[2]

https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt