데이터형
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The modules described in this chapter provide a variety of specialized
data types such as dates and times, fixed-type arrays, heap queues,
double-ended queues, and enumerations.

Python also provides some built-in data types, in particular, "dict",
"list", "set" and "frozenset", and "tuple".  The "str" class is used
to hold Unicode strings, and the "bytes" and "bytearray" classes are
used to hold binary data.

이 장에서는 다음 모듈에 관해 설명합니다:

* "datetime" --- 기본 날짜와 시간 형

  * 사용 가능한 형

  * "timedelta" 객체

  * "date" 객체

  * "datetime" 객체

  * "time" 객체

  * "tzinfo" 객체

  * "timezone" 객체

  * "strftime()"과 "strptime()" 동작

* "calendar" --- General calendar-related functions

* "collections" --- Container datatypes

  * "ChainMap" objects

    * "ChainMap" Examples and Recipes

  * "Counter" objects

  * "deque" objects

    * "deque" Recipes

  * "defaultdict" objects

    * "defaultdict" Examples

  * "namedtuple()" Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields

  * "OrderedDict" objects

    * "OrderedDict" Examples and Recipes

  * "UserDict" objects

  * "UserList" objects

  * "UserString" objects

* "collections.abc" --- 컨테이너의 추상 베이스 클래스

  * Collections 추상 베이스 클래스

* "heapq" --- Heap queue algorithm

  * Basic Examples

  * Priority Queue Implementation Notes

  * Theory

* "bisect" --- 배열 이진 분할 알고리즘

  * 정렬된 리스트 검색하기

  * 다른 예제

* "array" --- 효율적인 숫자 배열

* "weakref" --- Weak references

  * Weak Reference Objects

  * Example

  * Finalizer Objects

  * Comparing finalizers with "__del__()" methods

* "types" --- 동적 형 생성과 내장형 이름

  * 동적 형 생성

  * 표준 인터프리터 형

  * 추가 유틸리티 클래스와 함수

  * 코루틴 유틸리티 함수

* "copy" --- 얕은 복사와 깊은 복사 연산

* "pprint" --- 예쁜 데이터 인쇄기

  * PrettyPrinter 객체

  * 예제

* "reprlib" --- 대안 "repr()" 구현

  * Repr 객체

  * Repr 객체 서브클래싱

* "enum" --- Support for enumerations

  * Module Contents

  * Creating an Enum

  * Programmatic access to enumeration members and their attributes

  * Duplicating enum members and values

  * Ensuring unique enumeration values

  * Using automatic values

  * Iteration

  * Comparisons

  * Allowed members and attributes of enumerations

  * Restricted Enum subclassing

  * Pickling

  * Functional API

  * Derived Enumerations

    * IntEnum

    * IntFlag

    * Flag

    * Others

  * Interesting examples

    * Omitting values

      * Using "auto"

      * Using "object"

      * Using a descriptive string

      * Using a custom "__new__()"

    * OrderedEnum

    * DuplicateFreeEnum

    * Planet

    * TimePeriod

  * How are Enums different?

    * Enum Classes

    * Enum Members (aka instances)

    * Finer Points

      * Supported "__dunder__" names

      * Supported "_sunder_" names

      * "Enum" member type

      * Boolean value of "Enum" classes and members

      * "Enum" classes with methods

      * Combining members of "Flag"
