site — 사이트별 구성 훅

소스 코드: Lib/site.py

이 모듈은 초기화 중에 자동으로 임포트 됩니다. 인터프리터의 -S 옵션을 사용하여 자동 임포트를 억제할 수 있습니다.

Importing this module normally appends site-specific paths to the module search path and adds callables, including help() to the built-in namespace. However, Python startup option -S blocks this, and this module can be safely imported with no automatic modifications to the module search path or additions to the builtins. To explicitly trigger the usual site-specific additions, call the main() function.

버전 3.3에서 변경: -S를 사용하는 경우에도 모듈을 임포트 하면 경로 조작을 트리거 했습니다.

It starts by constructing up to four directories from a head and a tail part. For the head part, it uses sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix; empty heads are skipped. For the tail part, it uses the empty string and then lib/site-packages (on Windows) or lib/pythonX.Y[t]/site-packages (on Unix and macOS). (The optional suffix “t” indicates the free-threaded build, and is appended if "t" is present in the sys.abiflags constant.) For each of the distinct head-tail combinations, it sees if it refers to an existing directory, and if so, adds it to sys.path and also inspects the newly added path for configuration files.

버전 3.5에서 변경: “site-python” 디렉터리에 대한 지원이 제거되었습니다.

버전 3.13에서 변경: On Unix, Free threading Python installations are identified by the “t” suffix in the version-specific directory name, such as lib/python3.13t/.

버전 3.14에서 변경: site is no longer responsible for updating sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix on Virtual Environments. This is now done during the path initialization. As a result, under Virtual Environments, sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix no longer depend on the site initialization, and are therefore unaffected by -S.

When running under a virtual environment, the pyvenv.cfg file in sys.prefix is checked for site-specific configurations. If the include-system-site-packages key exists and is set to true (case-insensitive), the system-level prefixes will be searched for site-packages, otherwise they won’t. If the system-level prefixes are not searched then the user site prefixes are also implicitly not searched for site-packages.

The site module recognizes two startup configuration files of the form name.pth for path configurations, and name.start for pre-first-line code execution. Both files can exist in one of the four directories mentioned above. Within each directory, these files are sorted alphabetically by filename, then parsed in sorted order.

Path extensions (.pth files)

name.pth contains additional items (one per line) to be appended to sys.path. Items that name non-existing directories are never added to sys.path, and no check is made that the item refers to a directory rather than a file. No item is added to sys.path more than once. Blank lines and lines beginning with # are skipped.

For backward compatibility, lines starting with import (followed by space or tab) are executed with exec().

버전 3.13에서 변경: The .pth files are now decoded by UTF-8 at first and then by the locale encoding if it fails.

버전 3.15에서 변경: .pth file lines starting with import are deprecated. During the deprecation period, such lines are still executed (except in the case below), but a diagnostic message is emitted only when the -v flag is given.

import lines in name.pth are silently ignored when a matching name.start file exists.

Errors on individual lines no longer abort processing of the rest of the file. Each error is reported and the remaining lines continue to be processed.

Deprecated since version 3.15, will be removed in version 3.20: Decoding name.pth files in any encoding other than utf-8-sig is deprecated in Python 3.15, and support for decoding from the locale encoding will be removed in Python 3.20.

import lines in name.pth files are deprecated and will be silently ignored in Python 3.18 and 3.19. In Python 3.20 a warning will be produced for import lines in name.pth files.

Startup entry points (.start files)

Added in version 3.15.

A startup entry point file is a file whose name has the form name.start and exists in one of the site-packages directories described above. Each file specifies entry points to be called during interpreter startup, using the pkg.mod:callable syntax understood by pkgutil.resolve_name().

Each non-blank line that does not begin with # must contain an entry point reference in the form pkg.mod:callable. The colon and callable portion are mandatory. Each callable is invoked with no arguments, and any return value is discarded.

.start files are processed after all .pth path extensions have been applied to sys.path, ensuring that paths are available before any startup code runs.

Unlike sys.path extensions from .pth files, duplicate entry points are not de-duplicated — if an entry point appears more than once, it will be called more than once.

If an exception occurs during resolution or invocation of an entry point, a traceback is printed to sys.stderr and processing continues with the remaining entry points.

.start files must be encoded in UTF-8.

PEP 829 defined the original specification for these features.

참고

If a name.start file exists alongside a name.pth file with the same base name, any import lines in the .pth file are ignored in favor of the entry points in the .start file.

참고

Executable lines (import lines in name.pth files and name.start file entry points) are always run at Python startup (unless -S is given to disable the site.py module entirely), regardless of whether a particular module is actually going to be used.

참고

name.start files invoke pkgutil.resolve_name() with strict=True, which requires the full pkg.mod:callable form.

Startup file examples

For example, suppose sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to /usr/local. The Python X.Y library is then installed in /usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y. Suppose this has a subdirectory /usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages with three sub-subdirectories, foo, bar and spam, and two path configuration files, foo.pth and bar.pth. Assume foo.pth contains the following:

# foo package configuration

foo
bar
bletch

bar.pth는 다음을 포함한다고 가정하십시오:

# bar package configuration

bar

그러면 다음과 같은 버전 별 디렉터리가 이 순서대로 sys.path에 추가됩니다:

/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/bar
/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/foo

bletch가 존재하지 않기 때문에 생략되었음에 유의하십시오; bar.pth가 알파벳순으로 foo.pth 앞에 오기 때문에 bar 디렉터리가 foo 디렉터리보다 앞에 옵니다; spam은 경로 구성 파일에 언급되어 있지 않기 때문에 생략되었습니다.

Let’s say that there is also a foo.start file containing the following:

# foo package startup code

foo.submod:initialize

Now, after sys.path has been extended as above, and before Python turns control over to user code, the foo.submod module is imported and the initialize() function from that module is called.

Migrating from import lines in .pth files to .start files

If your package currently ships a name.pth file, you can keep all sys.path extension lines unchanged. Only import lines need to be migrated.

To migrate, create a callable (taking zero arguments) within an importable module in your package. Reference it as a pkg.mod:callable entry point in a matching name.start file. Move everything on your import line after the first semi-colon into the callable() function.

If your package must straddle older Pythons that do not support PEP 829 and newer Pythons that do, change the import lines in your name.pth to use the following form:

import pkg.mod; pkg.mod.callable()

Older Pythons will execute these import lines, while newer Pythons will ignore them in favor of the name.start file. After the straddling period, remove all import lines from your .pth files.

sitecustomize

After these path manipulations, an attempt is made to import a module named sitecustomize, which can perform arbitrary site-specific customizations. It is typically created by a system administrator in the site-packages directory. If this import fails with an ImportError or its subclass exception, and the exception’s name attribute equals 'sitecustomize', it is silently ignored. If Python is started without output streams available, as with pythonw.exe on Windows (which is used by default to start IDLE), attempted output from sitecustomize is ignored. Any other exception causes a silent and perhaps mysterious failure of the process.

usercustomize

After this, an attempt is made to import a module named usercustomize, which can perform arbitrary user-specific customizations, if ENABLE_USER_SITE is true. This file is intended to be created in the user site-packages directory (see below), which is part of sys.path unless disabled by -s. If this import fails with an ImportError or its subclass exception, and the exception’s name attribute equals 'usercustomize', it is silently ignored.

Note that for some non-Unix systems, sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are empty, and the path manipulations are skipped; however the import of sitecustomize and usercustomize is still attempted.

Readline 구성

On systems that support readline, this module will also import and configure the rlcompleter module, if Python is started in interactive mode and without the -S option. The default behavior is to enable tab completion and to use ~/.python_history as the history save file. To disable it, delete (or override) the sys.__interactivehook__ attribute in your sitecustomize or usercustomize module or your PYTHONSTARTUP file.

버전 3.4에서 변경: rlcompleter와 히스토리 활성화가 자동으로 이루어졌습니다.

모듈 내용

site.PREFIXES

site-packages 디렉터리의 접두사 리스트.

site.ENABLE_USER_SITE

사용자 site-packages 디렉터리의 상태를 나타내는 플래그. True는 활성화되어 sys.path에 추가되었음을 의미합니다. False는 사용자 요청(-s나 PYTHONNOUSERSITE로)에 의해 비활성화되었음을 의미합니다. None은 보안상의 이유(사용자나 그룹 id와 유효(effective) id가 일치하지 않음)로 또는 관리자에 의해 비활성화되었음을 의미합니다.

site.USER_SITE

실행 중인 파이썬의 사용자 site-packages 경로. getusersitepackages()가 아직 호출되지 않았으면 None일 수 있습니다. 기본값은 유닉스와 비 프레임워크 맥 OS 빌드의 경우 ~/.local/lib/pythonX.Y[t]/site-packages, 맥 OS 프레임워크 빌드의 경우 ~/Library/Python/X.Y/lib/python/site-packages, 윈도우의 경우 %APPDATA%\Python\PythonXY\site-packages입니다. 선택적 “t” 는 자유 스레딩 빌드를 나타냅니다. 이 디렉터리는 사이트 디렉터리이며, 이는 그 안에 있는 .pth 파일이 처리됨을 의미합니다.

site.USER_BASE

사용자 site-packages의 베이스 디렉터리에 대한 경로. getuserbase()가 아직 호출되지 않았으면 None일 수 있습니다. 기본값은 유닉스와 맥 OS 비 프레임워크 빌드의 경우 ~/.local, 맥 OS 프레임워크 빌드의 경우 ~/Library/Python/X.Y, 윈도우의 경우 %APPDATA%\Python입니다. 이 값은 사용자 설치 스킴의 스크립트, 데이터 파일, 파이썬 모듈 등의 설치 디렉터리를 계산하는 데 사용됩니다. PYTHONUSERBASE 도 참조하십시오.

site.main()

모든 표준 사이트별 디렉터리를 모듈 검색 경로에 추가합니다. 파이썬 인터프리터가 -S 플래그로 시작되지 않았으면, 이 모듈이 임포트 될 때 이 함수가 자동으로 호출됩니다.

버전 3.3에서 변경: 이 함수는 무조건 호출되었습니다.

site.addsitedir(sitedir, known_paths=None, *, defer_processing_start_files=False)

Add a directory to sys.path and parse the .pth and .start files found in that directory. Typically used in sitecustomize or usercustomize (see above).

The known_paths argument is an optional set of case-normalized paths used to prevent duplicate sys.path entries. When None (the default), the set is built from the current sys.path.

While .pth and .start files are always parsed, set defer_processing_start_files to True to prevent processing the startup data found in those files, so that you can process them explicitly (this is typically used by the main() function).

버전 3.15에서 변경: Also processes .start files. See Startup entry points (.start files). All .pth and .start files are now read and accumulated before any path extensions, import line execution, or entry point invocations take place.

site.getsitepackages()

모든 전역 site-packages 디렉터리를 포함하는 리스트를 반환합니다.

Added in version 3.2.

site.getuserbase()

사용자 베이스 디렉터리 USER_BASE의 경로를 반환합니다. 아직 초기화되지 않았으면, 이 함수는 PYTHONUSERBASE를 따라 설정합니다.

Added in version 3.2.

site.getusersitepackages()

사용자별 site-packages 디렉터리 USER_SITE의 경로를 반환합니다. 아직 초기화되지 않았으면, 이 함수는 USER_BASE를 따라 설정합니다. 사용자별 site-packages가 sys.path에 추가되었는지 확인하려면 ENABLE_USER_SITE를 사용해야 합니다.

Added in version 3.2.

Command-line interface

The site module also provides a way to get the user directories from the command line:

$ python -m site --user-site
/home/user/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages

인자 없이 호출되면, 표준 출력에 sys.path의 내용을 인쇄한 다음, USER_BASE의 값과 디렉터리가 존재하는지를 인쇄하고, USER_SITE에 대해 같은 것을 인쇄하고, 마지막으로 ENABLE_USER_SITE의 값을 인쇄합니다.

--user-base

사용자 베이스 디렉터리의 경로를 인쇄합니다.

--user-site

사용자 site-packages 디렉터리의 경로를 인쇄합니다.

두 옵션이 모두 제공되면, os.pathsep으로 구분하여, 사용자 베이스와 사용자 사이트를 (항상 이 순서대로) 인쇄합니다.

어떤 옵션이건 제공되면, 스크립트는 다음 값 중 하나로 종료됩니다: 사용자 site-packages 디렉터리가 활성화되었으면 0, 사용자에 의해 비활성화되었으면 1, 보안상의 이유나 관리자에 의해 비활성화되었으면 2, 그리고 에러가 있으면 2보다 큰 값.

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