runpy — Locating and executing Python modules¶
소스 코드: Lib/runpy.py
runpy 모듈은 파이썬 모듈을 먼저 임포트 하지 않고 찾아서 실행하는 데 사용합니다. 주요 용도는 파일 시스템이 아닌 파이썬 모듈 이름 공간을 사용하여 스크립트를 찾을 수 있는 -m 명령 줄 스위치를 구현하는 것입니다.
이것은 샌드박스 모듈이 아닙니다 - 모든 코드가 현재 프로세스에서 실행되고, 모든 부작용(가령 다른 모듈의 캐시된 임포트)은 함수가 반환된 후에도 그대로 유지됩니다.
또한, 실행된 코드에서 정의된 모든 함수와 클래스는 runpy 함수가 반환된 후 올바르게 작동하지 않을 수 있습니다. 이러한 제한이 주어진 사용 사례에 적합하지 않으면, 이 모듈보다 importlib가 더 적합한 선택일 수 있습니다.
runpy 모듈은 두 가지 함수를 제공합니다:
- runpy.run_module(mod_name, init_globals=None, run_name=None, alter_sys=False)¶
Execute the code of the specified module and return the resulting module’s globals dictionary. The module’s code is first located using the standard import mechanism (refer to PEP 302 for details) and then executed in a fresh module namespace.
The mod_name argument should be an absolute module name. If the module name refers to a package rather than a normal module, then that package is imported and the
__main__submodule within that package is then executed and the resulting module globals dictionary returned.The optional dictionary argument init_globals may be used to pre-populate the module’s globals dictionary before the code is executed. init_globals will not be modified. If any of the special global variables below are defined in init_globals, those definitions are overridden by
run_module().The special global variables
__name__,__spec__,__file__,__cached__,__loader__and__package__are set in the globals dictionary before the module code is executed. (Note that this is a minimal set of variables - other variables may be set implicitly as an interpreter implementation detail.)__name__은 (이 선택적 인자가None이 아니면) run_name으로, 명명된 모듈이 패키지면mod_name + '.__main__'으로, 그렇지 않으면 mod_name 인자로 설정됩니다.__spec__will be set appropriately for the actually imported module (that is,__spec__.namewill always be mod_name ormod_name + '.__main__', never run_name).__file__,__cached__,__loader__및__package__는 모듈 스펙에 따라 표준적으로 설정됩니다.인자 alter_sys가 제공되고
True로 평가되면,sys.argv[0]은__file__값으로 갱신되고sys.modules[__name__]은 실행 중인 모듈에 대한 임시 모듈 객체로 갱신됩니다.sys.argv[0]과sys.modules[__name__]은 함수가 반환되기 전에 원래 값으로 복원됩니다.Note that this manipulation of
sysis not thread-safe. Other threads may see the partially initialised module, as well as the altered list of arguments. It is recommended that thesysmodule be left alone when invoking this function from threaded code.더 보기
명령 줄에서 동등한 기능을 제공하는
-m옵션.버전 3.1에서 변경: Added ability to execute packages by looking for a
__main__submodule.버전 3.2에서 변경:
__cached__전역 변수 추가 (PEP 3147을 참조하십시오).버전 3.4에서 변경: PEP 451이 추가한 모듈 스펙 기능을 활용하도록 갱신되었습니다. 이것은 실제 모듈 이름을 항상
__spec__.name으로 액세스할 수 있으면서,__cached__가 이 방법으로 실행되는 모듈에 대해 올바르게 설정되도록 합니다.버전 3.12에서 변경: The setting of
__cached__,__loader__, and__package__are deprecated. SeeModuleSpecfor alternatives.
- runpy.run_path(path_name, init_globals=None, run_name=None)¶
Execute the code at the named filesystem location and return the resulting module’s globals dictionary. As with a script name supplied to the CPython command line, file_path may refer to a Python source file, a compiled bytecode file or a valid
sys.pathentry containing a__main__module (e.g. a zipfile containing a top-level__main__.pyfile).For a simple script, the specified code is simply executed in a fresh module namespace. For a valid
sys.pathentry (typically a zipfile or directory), the entry is first added to the beginning ofsys.path. The function then looks for and executes a__main__module using the updated path. Note that there is no special protection against invoking an existing__main__entry located elsewhere onsys.pathif there is no such module at the specified location.The optional dictionary argument init_globals may be used to pre-populate the module’s globals dictionary before the code is executed. init_globals will not be modified. If any of the special global variables below are defined in init_globals, those definitions are overridden by
run_path().The special global variables
__name__,__spec__,__file__,__cached__,__loader__and__package__are set in the globals dictionary before the module code is executed. (Note that this is a minimal set of variables - other variables may be set implicitly as an interpreter implementation detail.)__name__은 (이 선택적 인자가None이 아니면) run_name으로, 그렇지 않으면'<run_path>'로 설정됩니다.If file_path directly references a script file (whether as source or as precompiled byte code), then
__file__will be set to file_path, and__spec__,__cached__,__loader__and__package__will all be set toNone.If file_path is a reference to a valid
sys.pathentry, then__spec__will be set appropriately for the imported__main__module (that is,__spec__.namewill always be__main__).__file__,__cached__,__loader__and__package__will be set as normal based on the module spec.A number of alterations are also made to the
sysmodule. Firstly,sys.pathmay be altered as described above.sys.argv[0]is updated with the value of file_path andsys.modules[__name__]is updated with a temporary module object for the module being executed. All modifications to items insysare reverted before the function returns.Note that, unlike
run_module(), the alterations made tosysare not optional in this function as these adjustments are essential to allowing the execution ofsys.pathentries. As the thread-safety limitations still apply, use of this function in threaded code should be either serialised with the import lock or delegated to a separate process.더 보기
명령 줄에서의 동등한 기능에 대한 인터페이스 옵션 (
python path/to/script).Added in version 3.2.
버전 3.4에서 변경: Updated to take advantage of the module spec feature added by PEP 451. This allows
__cached__to be set correctly in the case where__main__is imported from a validsys.pathentry rather than being executed directly.버전 3.12에서 변경: The setting of
__cached__,__loader__, and__package__are deprecated.