msvcrt — Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime

These functions provide access to some useful capabilities on Windows platforms. Some higher-level modules use these functions to build the Windows implementations of their services. For example, the getpass module uses this in the implementation of the getpass() function.

이 함수에 대한 자세한 설명은 플랫폼 API 설명서에서 찾을 수 있습니다.

이 모듈은 콘솔 I/O api의 일반과 광폭(wide) 문자 변형을 모두 구현합니다. 일반 API는 ASCII 문자만 다루며 국제화된 응용 프로그램에서는 제한적으로 사용됩니다. 가능하면 광폭 문자 API를 사용해야 합니다.

버전 3.3에서 변경: 이 모듈의 연산은 이제 IOError를 발생시키던 곳에서 OSError를 발생시킵니다.

파일 연산

msvcrt.locking(fd, mode, nbytes)

Lock part of a file based on file descriptor fd from the C runtime. Raises OSError on failure. The locked region of the file extends from the current file position for nbytes bytes, and may continue beyond the end of the file. mode must be one of the LK_* constants listed below. Multiple regions in a file may be locked at the same time, but may not overlap. Adjacent regions are not merged; they must be unlocked individually.

인자 fd, mode, nbytes로 감사 이벤트 msvcrt.locking을 발생시킵니다.

msvcrt.LK_LOCK
msvcrt.LK_RLCK

Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked, the program immediately tries again after 1 second. If, after 10 attempts, the bytes cannot be locked, OSError is raised.

msvcrt.LK_NBLCK
msvcrt.LK_NBRLCK

지정된 바이트를 잠급니다. 바이트를 잠글 수 없으면, OSError가 발생합니다.

msvcrt.LK_UNLCK

이전에 잠겨 있어야 하는 지정된 바이트의 잠금을 해제합니다.

msvcrt.setmode(fd, flags)

파일 기술자 fd의 줄 종료 변환 모드를 설정합니다. 텍스트 모드로 설정하려면, flags가 os.O_TEXT 여야 합니다; 바이너리는, os.O_BINARY 여야 합니다.

msvcrt.open_osfhandle(handle, flags)

Create a C runtime file descriptor from the file handle handle. The flags parameter should be a bitwise OR of os.O_APPEND, os.O_RDONLY, os.O_TEXT and os.O_NOINHERIT. The returned file descriptor may be used as a parameter to os.fdopen() to create a file object.

The file descriptor is inheritable by default. Pass os.O_NOINHERIT flag to make it non inheritable.

인자 handle, flags로 감사 이벤트 msvcrt.open_osfhandle을 발생시킵니다.

msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fd)

Return the file handle for the file descriptor fd. Raises OSError if fd is not recognized.

인자 fd로 감사 이벤트 msvcrt.get_osfhandle을 발생시킵니다.

콘솔 I/O

msvcrt.kbhit()

Returns a nonzero value if a keypress is waiting to be read. Otherwise, return 0.

msvcrt.getch()

Read a keypress and return the resulting character as a byte string. Nothing is echoed to the console. This call will block if a keypress is not already available, but will not wait for Enter to be pressed. If the pressed key was a special function key, this will return '\000' or '\xe0'; the next call will return the keycode. The Control-C keypress cannot be read with this function.

msvcrt.getwch()

유니코드 값을 반환하는 getch()의 광폭 문자 변형.

msvcrt.getche()

Similar to getch(), but the keypress will be echoed if it represents a printable character.

msvcrt.getwche()

유니코드 값을 반환하는 getche()의 광폭 문자 변형.

msvcrt.putch(char)

버퍼링하지 않고 바이트열 char을 콘솔에 인쇄합니다.

msvcrt.putwch(unicode_char)

유니코드 값을 받아들이는 putch()의 광폭 문자 변형.

msvcrt.ungetch(char)

바이트열 char이 콘솔 버퍼로 “푸시백” 되도록 합니다; getch() 나 getche()가 읽는 다음 문자가 됩니다.

msvcrt.ungetwch(unicode_char)

유니코드 값을 받아들이는 ungetch()의 광폭 문자 변형.

기타 함수

msvcrt.heapmin()

Force the malloc() heap to clean itself up and return unused blocks to the operating system. On failure, this raises OSError.

msvcrt.set_error_mode(mode)

Changes the location where the C runtime writes an error message for an error that might end the program. mode must be one of the OUT_* constants listed below or REPORT_ERRMODE. Returns the old setting or -1 if an error occurs. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_DEFAULT

Error sink is determined by the app’s type. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_STDERR

Error sink is a standard error. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_MSGBOX

Error sink is a message box. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.REPORT_ERRMODE

Report the current error mode value. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.CrtSetReportMode(type, mode)

Specifies the destination or destinations for a specific report type generated by _CrtDbgReport() in the MS VC++ runtime. type must be one of the CRT_* constants listed below. mode must be one of the CRTDBG_* constants listed below. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.CrtSetReportFile(type, file)

After you use CrtSetReportMode() to specify CRTDBG_MODE_FILE, you can specify the file handle to receive the message text. type must be one of the CRT_* constants listed below. file should be the file handle your want specified. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.CRT_WARN

Warnings, messages, and information that doesn’t need immediate attention.

msvcrt.CRT_ERROR

Errors, unrecoverable problems, and issues that require immediate attention.

msvcrt.CRT_ASSERT

Assertion failures.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG

Writes the message to the debugger’s output window.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_FILE

Writes the message to a user-supplied file handle. CrtSetReportFile() should be called to define the specific file or stream to use as the destination.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_WNDW

Creates a message box to display the message along with the Abort, Retry, and Ignore buttons.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_REPORT_MODE

Returns current mode for the specified type.

msvcrt.CRT_ASSEMBLY_VERSION

The CRT Assembly version, from the crtassem.h header file.

msvcrt.VC_ASSEMBLY_PUBLICKEYTOKEN

The VC Assembly public key token, from the crtassem.h header file.

msvcrt.LIBRARIES_ASSEMBLY_NAME_PREFIX

The Libraries Assembly name prefix, from the crtassem.h header file.