fractions
— Rational numbers¶
소스 코드: Lib/fractions.py
fractions
모듈은 유리수 산술을 지원합니다.
Fraction 인스턴스는 한 쌍의 정수, 다른 유리수 또는 문자열로 만들 수 있습니다.
- class fractions.Fraction(numerator=0, denominator=1)¶
- class fractions.Fraction(other_fraction)
- class fractions.Fraction(float)
- class fractions.Fraction(decimal)
- class fractions.Fraction(string)
The first version requires that numerator and denominator are instances of
numbers.Rational
and returns a newFraction
instance with valuenumerator/denominator
. If denominator is0
, it raises aZeroDivisionError
. The second version requires that other_fraction is an instance ofnumbers.Rational
and returns aFraction
instance with the same value. The next two versions accept either afloat
or adecimal.Decimal
instance, and return aFraction
instance with exactly the same value. Note that due to the usual issues with binary floating point (see Floating-Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations), the argument toFraction(1.1)
is not exactly equal to 11/10, and soFraction(1.1)
does not returnFraction(11, 10)
as one might expect. (But see the documentation for thelimit_denominator()
method below.) The last version of the constructor expects a string or unicode instance. The usual form for this instance is:[sign] numerator ['/' denominator]
where the optional
sign
may be either ‘+’ or ‘-’ andnumerator
anddenominator
(if present) are strings of decimal digits (underscores may be used to delimit digits as with integral literals in code). In addition, any string that represents a finite value and is accepted by thefloat
constructor is also accepted by theFraction
constructor. In either form the input string may also have leading and/or trailing whitespace. Here are some examples:>>> from fractions import Fraction >>> Fraction(16, -10) Fraction(-8, 5) >>> Fraction(123) Fraction(123, 1) >>> Fraction() Fraction(0, 1) >>> Fraction('3/7') Fraction(3, 7) >>> Fraction(' -3/7 ') Fraction(-3, 7) >>> Fraction('1.414213 \t\n') Fraction(1414213, 1000000) >>> Fraction('-.125') Fraction(-1, 8) >>> Fraction('7e-6') Fraction(7, 1000000) >>> Fraction(2.25) Fraction(9, 4) >>> Fraction(1.1) Fraction(2476979795053773, 2251799813685248) >>> from decimal import Decimal >>> Fraction(Decimal('1.1')) Fraction(11, 10)
The
Fraction
class inherits from the abstract base classnumbers.Rational
, and implements all of the methods and operations from that class.Fraction
instances are hashable, and should be treated as immutable. In addition,Fraction
has the following properties and methods:버전 3.2에서 변경:
Fraction
생성자는 이제float
와decimal.Decimal
인스턴스를 받아들입니다.버전 3.9에서 변경: The
math.gcd()
function is now used to normalize the numerator and denominator.math.gcd()
always returns anint
type. Previously, the GCD type depended on numerator and denominator.버전 3.11에서 변경: Underscores are now permitted when creating a
Fraction
instance from a string, following PEP 515 rules.버전 3.11에서 변경:
Fraction
implements__int__
now to satisfytyping.SupportsInt
instance checks.버전 3.12에서 변경: Space is allowed around the slash for string inputs:
Fraction('2 / 3')
.버전 3.12에서 변경:
Fraction
instances now support float-style formatting, with presentation types"e"
,"E"
,"f"
,"F"
,"g"
,"G"
and"%""
.- numerator¶
기약 분수로 나타낼 때 Fraction의 분자.
- denominator¶
기약 분수로 나타낼 때 Fraction의 분모.
- as_integer_ratio()¶
Return a tuple of two integers, whose ratio is equal to the original Fraction. The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator.
Added in version 3.8.
- is_integer()¶
Return
True
if the Fraction is an integer.Added in version 3.12.
- classmethod from_float(flt)¶
Alternative constructor which only accepts instances of
float
ornumbers.Integral
. Beware thatFraction.from_float(0.3)
is not the same value asFraction(3, 10)
.
- classmethod from_decimal(dec)¶
Alternative constructor which only accepts instances of
decimal.Decimal
ornumbers.Integral
.참고
파이썬 3.2 이상에서는,
decimal.Decimal
인스턴스에서 직접Fraction
인스턴스를 생성할 수도 있습니다.
- limit_denominator(max_denominator=1000000)¶
분모가 최대 max_denominator인
self
에 가장 가까운Fraction
을 찾아서 반환합니다. 이 메서드는 주어진 부동 소수점 수에 대한 유리한 근사를 찾는 데 유용합니다:>>> from fractions import Fraction >>> Fraction('3.1415926535897932').limit_denominator(1000) Fraction(355, 113)
또는 float로 표현된 유리수를 복구할 때 유용합니다:
>>> from math import pi, cos >>> Fraction(cos(pi/3)) Fraction(4503599627370497, 9007199254740992) >>> Fraction(cos(pi/3)).limit_denominator() Fraction(1, 2) >>> Fraction(1.1).limit_denominator() Fraction(11, 10)
- __floor__()¶
가장 큰
int
<= self
를 반환합니다. 이 메서드는math.floor()
함수를 통해 액세스할 수도 있습니다:>>> from math import floor >>> floor(Fraction(355, 113)) 3
- __ceil__()¶
가장 작은
int
>= self
를 반환합니다. 이 메서드는math.ceil()
함수를 통해 액세스할 수도 있습니다.
- __round__()¶
- __round__(ndigits)
첫 번째 버전은
self
에 가장 가까운int
를 반환하는데, 절반은 짝수로 자리 올림 합니다. 두 번째 버전은self
를 가장 가까운Fraction(1, 10**ndigits)
의 배수로 자리 올림 하는데 (ndigits
가 음수면 논리적으로), 역시 짝수로 자리 올림 합니다. 이 메서드는round()
함수를 통해 액세스할 수도 있습니다.
- __format__(format_spec, /)¶
Provides support for float-style formatting of
Fraction
instances via thestr.format()
method, theformat()
built-in function, or Formatted string literals. The presentation types"e"
,"E"
,"f"
,"F"
,"g"
,"G"
and"%"
are supported. For these presentation types, formatting for aFraction
objectx
follows the rules outlined for thefloat
type in the 포맷 명세 미니 언어 section.Here are some examples:
>>> from fractions import Fraction >>> format(Fraction(1, 7), '.40g') '0.1428571428571428571428571428571428571429' >>> format(Fraction('1234567.855'), '_.2f') '1_234_567.86' >>> f"{Fraction(355, 113):*>20.6e}" '********3.141593e+00' >>> old_price, new_price = 499, 672 >>> "{:.2%} price increase".format(Fraction(new_price, old_price) - 1) '34.67% price increase'
더 보기
- 모듈
numbers
숫자 계층을 구성하는 추상 베이스 클래스.