파이썬 초기화 구성

버전 3.8에 추가.

Python can be initialized with Py_InitializeFromConfig() and the PyConfig structure. It can be preinitialized with Py_PreInitialize() and the PyPreConfig structure.

There are two kinds of configuration:

  • The Python Configuration can be used to build a customized Python which behaves as the regular Python. For example, environment variables and command line arguments are used to configure Python.

  • The Isolated Configuration can be used to embed Python into an application. It isolates Python from the system. For example, environment variables are ignored, the LC_CTYPE locale is left unchanged and no signal handler is registered.

The Py_RunMain() function can be used to write a customized Python program.

초기화, 파이널리제이션 및 스레드도 참조하십시오.

더 보기

PEP 587 “파이썬 초기화 구성”.

Example

항상 격리 모드에서 실행되는 사용자 정의 파이썬의 예:

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    PyStatus status;

    PyConfig config;
    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
    config.isolated = 1;

    /* Decode command line arguments.
       Implicitly preinitialize Python (in isolated mode). */
    status = PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(&config, argc, argv);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto exception;
    }

    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto exception;
    }
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);

    return Py_RunMain();

exception:
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    if (PyStatus_IsExit(status)) {
        return status.exitcode;
    }
    /* Display the error message and exit the process with
       non-zero exit code */
    Py_ExitStatusException(status);
}

PyWideStringList

type PyWideStringList

wchar_t* 문자열의 리스트.

length가 0이 아니면, itemsNULL이 아니어야 하고 모든 문자열은 NULL이 아니어야 합니다.

메서드:

PyStatus PyWideStringList_Append(PyWideStringList *list, const wchar_t *item)

itemlist에 추가합니다.

이 함수를 호출하려면 파이썬을 사전 초기화해야 합니다.

PyStatus PyWideStringList_Insert(PyWideStringList *list, Py_ssize_t index, const wchar_t *item)

itemlistindex에 삽입합니다.

indexlist 길이보다 크거나 같으면, itemlist에 추가(append)합니다.

index must be greater than or equal to 0.

이 함수를 호출하려면 파이썬을 사전 초기화해야 합니다.

구조체 필드:

Py_ssize_t length

리스트 길이.

wchar_t **items

리스트 항목들.

PyStatus

type PyStatus

초기화 함수 상태를 저장하는 구조체: 성공, 에러 또는 종료.

에러의 경우, 에러를 만든 C 함수 이름을 저장할 수 있습니다.

구조체 필드:

int exitcode

종료 코드. exit()에 전달된 인자.

const char *err_msg

에러 메시지.

const char *func

에러를 만든 함수의 이름, NULL일 수 있습니다.

상태를 만드는 함수:

PyStatus PyStatus_Ok(void)

성공.

PyStatus PyStatus_Error(const char *err_msg)

메시지가 포함된 초기화 에러.

err_msg must not be NULL.

PyStatus PyStatus_NoMemory(void)

메모리 할당 실패 (메모리 부족).

PyStatus PyStatus_Exit(int exitcode)

지정된 종료 코드로 파이썬을 종료합니다.

상태를 처리하는 함수:

int PyStatus_Exception(PyStatus status)

상태가 에러입니까? 아니면 종료입니까? 참이면, 예외를 처리해야 합니다; 예를 들어 Py_ExitStatusException() 을 호출하여.

int PyStatus_IsError(PyStatus status)

결과가 에러입니까?

int PyStatus_IsExit(PyStatus status)

결과가 종료입니까?

void Py_ExitStatusException(PyStatus status)

status가 종료이면 exit(exitcode)를 호출합니다. status가 에러이면 에러 메시지를 인쇄하고 0이 아닌 종료 코드로 종료합니다. PyStatus_Exception(status)가 0이 아닐 때만 호출해야 합니다.

참고

내부적으로, 파이썬은 PyStatus.func를 설정하는 데는 매크로를 사용하는 반면, funcNULL로 설정된 상태를 만드는 데는 함수를 사용합니다.

예:

PyStatus alloc(void **ptr, size_t size)
{
    *ptr = PyMem_RawMalloc(size);
    if (*ptr == NULL) {
        return PyStatus_NoMemory();
    }
    return PyStatus_Ok();
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    void *ptr;
    PyStatus status = alloc(&ptr, 16);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        Py_ExitStatusException(status);
    }
    PyMem_Free(ptr);
    return 0;
}

PyPreConfig

type PyPreConfig

Structure used to preinitialize Python.

사전 구성을 초기화하는 함수:

void PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig(PyPreConfig *preconfig)

파이썬 구성으로 사전 구성을 초기화합니다.

void PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(PyPreConfig *preconfig)

격리된 구성으로 사전 구성을 초기화합니다.

구조체 필드:

int allocator

Name of the Python memory allocators:

PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC and PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC_DEBUG are not supported if Python is configured using --without-pymalloc.

메모리 관리를 참조하십시오.

Default: PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET.

int configure_locale

Set the LC_CTYPE locale to the user preferred locale.

If equals to 0, set coerce_c_locale and coerce_c_locale_warn members to 0.

See the locale encoding.

Default: 1 in Python config, 0 in isolated config.

int coerce_c_locale

If equals to 2, coerce the C locale.

If equals to 1, read the LC_CTYPE locale to decide if it should be coerced.

See the locale encoding.

Default: -1 in Python config, 0 in isolated config.

int coerce_c_locale_warn

0이 아니면, C 로케일이 강제될 때 경고가 발생합니다.

Default: -1 in Python config, 0 in isolated config.

int dev_mode

Python Development Mode: see PyConfig.dev_mode.

Default: -1 in Python mode, 0 in isolated mode.

int isolated

Isolated mode: see PyConfig.isolated.

Default: 0 in Python mode, 1 in isolated mode.

int legacy_windows_fs_encoding

If non-zero:

Initialized the from PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING environment variable value.

윈도우에서만 사용 가능합니다. #ifdef MS_WINDOWS 매크로는 윈도우 특정 코드에 사용할 수 있습니다.

Default: 0.

int parse_argv

0이 아니면, Py_PreInitializeFromArgs()Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs()는 일반 파이썬이 명령 줄 인자를 구문 분석하는 것과 같은 방식으로 argv 인자를 구문 분석합니다. 명령 줄 인자를 참조하십시오.

Default: 1 in Python config, 0 in isolated config.

int use_environment

Use environment variables? See PyConfig.use_environment.

Default: 1 in Python config and 0 in isolated config.

int utf8_mode

If non-zero, enable the Python UTF-8 Mode.

Set to 0 or 1 by the -X utf8 command line option and the PYTHONUTF8 environment variable.

Also set to 1 if the LC_CTYPE locale is C or POSIX.

Default: -1 in Python config and 0 in isolated config.

Preinitialize Python with PyPreConfig

The preinitialization of Python:

The current preconfiguration (PyPreConfig type) is stored in _PyRuntime.preconfig.

파이썬을 사전 초기화하는 함수:

PyStatus Py_PreInitialize(const PyPreConfig *preconfig)

preconfig 사전 구성에서 파이썬을 사전 초기화합니다.

preconfig must not be NULL.

PyStatus Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs(const PyPreConfig *preconfig, int argc, char *const *argv)

preconfig 사전 구성에서 파이썬을 사전 초기화합니다.

Parse argv command line arguments (bytes strings) if parse_argv of preconfig is non-zero.

preconfig must not be NULL.

PyStatus Py_PreInitializeFromArgs(const PyPreConfig *preconfig, int argc, wchar_t *const *argv)

preconfig 사전 구성에서 파이썬을 사전 초기화합니다.

Parse argv command line arguments (wide strings) if parse_argv of preconfig is non-zero.

preconfig must not be NULL.

호출자는 PyStatus_Exception()Py_ExitStatusException() 을 사용하여 예외(에러나 종료)를 처리해야 합니다.

For Python Configuration (PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig()), if Python is initialized with command line arguments, the command line arguments must also be passed to preinitialize Python, since they have an effect on the pre-configuration like encodings. For example, the -X utf8 command line option enables the Python UTF-8 Mode.

PyMem_SetAllocator()Py_PreInitialize() 이후에 Py_InitializeFromConfig() 이전에 호출하여 사용자 정의 메모리 할당자를 설치할 수 있습니다. PyPreConfig.allocatorPYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET으로 설정되면 Py_PreInitialize() 전에 호출할 수 있습니다.

Python memory allocation functions like PyMem_RawMalloc() must not be used before the Python preinitialization, whereas calling directly malloc() and free() is always safe. Py_DecodeLocale() must not be called before the Python preinitialization.

Example using the preinitialization to enable the Python UTF-8 Mode:

PyStatus status;
PyPreConfig preconfig;
PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig(&preconfig);

preconfig.utf8_mode = 1;

status = Py_PreInitialize(&preconfig);
if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
    Py_ExitStatusException(status);
}

/* at this point, Python speaks UTF-8 */

Py_Initialize();
/* ... use Python API here ... */
Py_Finalize();

PyConfig

type PyConfig

파이썬을 구성하기 위한 대부분의 파라미터를 포함하는 구조체.

When done, the PyConfig_Clear() function must be used to release the configuration memory.

구조체 메서드:

void PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(PyConfig *config)

Initialize configuration with the Python Configuration.

void PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(PyConfig *config)

Initialize configuration with the Isolated Configuration.

PyStatus PyConfig_SetString(PyConfig *config, wchar_t *const *config_str, const wchar_t *str)

와이드 문자열 str*config_str로 복사합니다.

Preinitialize Python if needed.

PyStatus PyConfig_SetBytesString(PyConfig *config, wchar_t *const *config_str, const char *str)

Decode str using Py_DecodeLocale() and set the result into *config_str.

Preinitialize Python if needed.

PyStatus PyConfig_SetArgv(PyConfig *config, int argc, wchar_t *const *argv)

Set command line arguments (argv member of config) from the argv list of wide character strings.

Preinitialize Python if needed.

PyStatus PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(PyConfig *config, int argc, char *const *argv)

Set command line arguments (argv member of config) from the argv list of bytes strings. Decode bytes using Py_DecodeLocale().

Preinitialize Python if needed.

PyStatus PyConfig_SetWideStringList(PyConfig *config, PyWideStringList *list, Py_ssize_t length, wchar_t **items)

와이드 문자열 리스트 listlengthitems로 설정합니다.

Preinitialize Python if needed.

PyStatus PyConfig_Read(PyConfig *config)

모든 파이썬 구성을 읽습니다.

이미 초기화된 필드는 변경되지 않습니다.

Fields for path configuration are no longer calculated or modified when calling this function, as of Python 3.11.

The PyConfig_Read() function only parses PyConfig.argv arguments once: PyConfig.parse_argv is set to 2 after arguments are parsed. Since Python arguments are strippped from PyConfig.argv, parsing arguments twice would parse the application options as Python options.

Preinitialize Python if needed.

버전 3.10에서 변경: The PyConfig.argv arguments are now only parsed once, PyConfig.parse_argv is set to 2 after arguments are parsed, and arguments are only parsed if PyConfig.parse_argv equals 1.

버전 3.11에서 변경: PyConfig_Read() no longer calculates all paths, and so fields listed under Python Path Configuration may no longer be updated until Py_InitializeFromConfig() is called.

void PyConfig_Clear(PyConfig *config)

구성 메모리를 해제합니다.

Most PyConfig methods preinitialize Python if needed. In that case, the Python preinitialization configuration (PyPreConfig) in based on the PyConfig. If configuration fields which are in common with PyPreConfig are tuned, they must be set before calling a PyConfig method:

Moreover, if PyConfig_SetArgv() or PyConfig_SetBytesArgv() is used, this method must be called before other methods, since the preinitialization configuration depends on command line arguments (if parse_argv is non-zero).

이 메서드의 호출자는 PyStatus_Exception()Py_ExitStatusException() 을 사용하여 예외(에러나 종료)를 처리해야 합니다.

구조체 필드:

PyWideStringList argv

Command line arguments: sys.argv.

Set parse_argv to 1 to parse argv the same way the regular Python parses Python command line arguments and then to strip Python arguments from argv.

If argv is empty, an empty string is added to ensure that sys.argv always exists and is never empty.

Default: NULL.

See also the orig_argv member.

int safe_path

If equals to zero, Py_RunMain() prepends a potentially unsafe path to sys.path at startup:

  • If argv[0] is equal to L"-m" (python -m module), prepend the current working directory.

  • If running a script (python script.py), prepend the script’s directory. If it’s a symbolic link, resolve symbolic links.

  • Otherwise (python -c code and python), prepend an empty string, which means the current working directory.

Set to 1 by the -P command line option and the PYTHONSAFEPATH environment variable.

Default: 0 in Python config, 1 in isolated config.

버전 3.11에 추가.

wchar_t *base_exec_prefix

sys.base_exec_prefix.

Default: NULL.

Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

wchar_t *base_executable

Python base executable: sys._base_executable.

Set by the __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ environment variable.

Set from PyConfig.executable if NULL.

Default: NULL.

Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

wchar_t *base_prefix

sys.base_prefix.

Default: NULL.

Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

int buffered_stdio

If equals to 0 and configure_c_stdio is non-zero, disable buffering on the C streams stdout and stderr.

Set to 0 by the -u command line option and the PYTHONUNBUFFERED environment variable.

stdin은 항상 버퍼링 모드로 열립니다.

Default: 1.

int bytes_warning

If equals to 1, issue a warning when comparing bytes or bytearray with str, or comparing bytes with int.

If equal or greater to 2, raise a BytesWarning exception in these cases.

Incremented by the -b command line option.

Default: 0.

int warn_default_encoding

If non-zero, emit a EncodingWarning warning when io.TextIOWrapper uses its default encoding. See Opt-in EncodingWarning for details.

Default: 0.

버전 3.10에 추가.

int code_debug_ranges

If equals to 0, disables the inclusion of the end line and column mappings in code objects. Also disables traceback printing carets to specific error locations.

Set to 0 by the PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES environment variable and by the -X no_debug_ranges command line option.

Default: 1.

버전 3.11에 추가.

wchar_t *check_hash_pycs_mode

Control the validation behavior of hash-based .pyc files: value of the --check-hash-based-pycs command line option.

Valid values:

  • L"always": Hash the source file for invalidation regardless of value of the ‘check_source’ flag.

  • L"never": Assume that hash-based pycs always are valid.

  • L"default": The ‘check_source’ flag in hash-based pycs determines invalidation.

Default: L"default".

See also PEP 552 “Deterministic pycs”.

int configure_c_stdio

If non-zero, configure C standard streams:

  • On Windows, set the binary mode (O_BINARY) on stdin, stdout and stderr.

  • If buffered_stdio equals zero, disable buffering of stdin, stdout and stderr streams.

  • If interactive is non-zero, enable stream buffering on stdin and stdout (only stdout on Windows).

Default: 1 in Python config, 0 in isolated config.

int dev_mode

0이 아니면, 파이썬 개발 모드를 활성화합니다.

Set to 1 by the -X dev option and the PYTHONDEVMODE environment variable.

Default: -1 in Python mode, 0 in isolated mode.

int dump_refs

Dump Python references?

0이 아니면, 종료 시 여전히 활성 상태인 모든 객체를 덤프합니다.

Set to 1 by the PYTHONDUMPREFS environment variable.

Need a special build of Python with the Py_TRACE_REFS macro defined: see the configure --with-trace-refs option.

Default: 0.

wchar_t *exec_prefix

The site-specific directory prefix where the platform-dependent Python files are installed: sys.exec_prefix.

Default: NULL.

Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

wchar_t *executable

The absolute path of the executable binary for the Python interpreter: sys.executable.

Default: NULL.

Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

int faulthandler

Enable faulthandler?

0이 아니면, 시작 시 faulthandler.enable()을 호출합니다.

Set to 1 by -X faulthandler and the PYTHONFAULTHANDLER environment variable.

Default: -1 in Python mode, 0 in isolated mode.

wchar_t *filesystem_encoding

Filesystem encoding: sys.getfilesystemencoding().

On macOS, Android and VxWorks: use "utf-8" by default.

On Windows: use "utf-8" by default, or "mbcs" if legacy_windows_fs_encoding of PyPreConfig is non-zero.

Default encoding on other platforms:

  • "utf-8" if PyPreConfig.utf8_mode is non-zero.

  • "ascii" if Python detects that nl_langinfo(CODESET) announces the ASCII encoding, whereas the mbstowcs() function decodes from a different encoding (usually Latin1).

  • "utf-8" if nl_langinfo(CODESET) returns an empty string.

  • Otherwise, use the locale encoding: nl_langinfo(CODESET) result.

At Python startup, the encoding name is normalized to the Python codec name. For example, "ANSI_X3.4-1968" is replaced with "ascii".

See also the filesystem_errors member.

wchar_t *filesystem_errors

Filesystem error handler: sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors().

On Windows: use "surrogatepass" by default, or "replace" if legacy_windows_fs_encoding of PyPreConfig is non-zero.

On other platforms: use "surrogateescape" by default.

Supported error handlers:

  • "strict"

  • "surrogateescape"

  • "surrogatepass" (only supported with the UTF-8 encoding)

See also the filesystem_encoding member.

unsigned long hash_seed
int use_hash_seed

무작위 해시 함수 시드.

If use_hash_seed is zero, a seed is chosen randomly at Python startup, and hash_seed is ignored.

Set by the PYTHONHASHSEED environment variable.

Default use_hash_seed value: -1 in Python mode, 0 in isolated mode.

wchar_t *home

파이썬 홈 디렉터리.

If Py_SetPythonHome() has been called, use its argument if it is not NULL.

Set by the PYTHONHOME environment variable.

Default: NULL.

Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

int import_time

0이 아니면, 임포트 시간을 프로파일 합니다.

Set the 1 by the -X importtime option and the PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME environment variable.

Default: 0.

int inspect

스크립트나 명령을 실행한 후 대화식 모드로 들어갑니다.

If greater than 0, enable inspect: when a script is passed as first argument or the -c option is used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the command, even when sys.stdin does not appear to be a terminal.

Incremented by the -i command line option. Set to 1 if the PYTHONINSPECT environment variable is non-empty.

Default: 0.

int install_signal_handlers

Install Python signal handlers?

Default: 1 in Python mode, 0 in isolated mode.

int interactive

If greater than 0, enable the interactive mode (REPL).

Incremented by the -i command line option.

Default: 0.

int isolated

If greater than 0, enable isolated mode:

  • Set safe_path to 1: don’t prepend a potentially unsafe path to sys.path at Python startup.

  • Set use_environment to 0.

  • Set user_site_directory to 0: don’t add the user site directory to sys.path.

  • 파이썬 REPL은 대화식 프롬프트에서 readline을 임포트 하지도 기본 readline 구성을 활성화하지도 않습니다.

Set to 1 by the -I command line option.

Default: 0 in Python mode, 1 in isolated mode.

See also PyPreConfig.isolated.

int legacy_windows_stdio

If non-zero, use io.FileIO instead of io._WindowsConsoleIO for sys.stdin, sys.stdout and sys.stderr.

Set to 1 if the PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO environment variable is set to a non-empty string.

윈도우에서만 사용 가능합니다. #ifdef MS_WINDOWS 매크로는 윈도우 특정 코드에 사용할 수 있습니다.

Default: 0.

See also the PEP 528 (Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8).

int malloc_stats

0이 아니면, 종료 시 파이썬 pymalloc 메모리 할당자에 대한 통계를 덤프합니다.

Set to 1 by the PYTHONMALLOCSTATS environment variable.

The option is ignored if Python is configured using the --without-pymalloc option.

Default: 0.

wchar_t *platlibdir

Platform library directory name: sys.platlibdir.

Set by the PYTHONPLATLIBDIR environment variable.

Default: value of the PLATLIBDIR macro which is set by the configure --with-platlibdir option (default: "lib", or "DLLs" on Windows).

Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

버전 3.9에 추가.

버전 3.11에서 변경: This macro is now used on Windows to locate the standard library extension modules, typically under DLLs. However, for compatibility, note that this value is ignored for any non-standard layouts, including in-tree builds and virtual environments.

wchar_t *pythonpath_env

Module search paths (sys.path) as a string separated by DELIM (os.pathsep).

Set by the PYTHONPATH environment variable.

Default: NULL.

Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

PyWideStringList module_search_paths
int module_search_paths_set

Module search paths: sys.path.

If module_search_paths_set is equal to 0, Py_InitializeFromConfig() will replace module_search_paths and sets module_search_paths_set to 1.

Default: empty list (module_search_paths) and 0 (module_search_paths_set).

Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

int optimization_level

컴파일 최적화 수준:

  • 0: Peephole optimizer, set __debug__ to True.

  • 1: Level 0, remove assertions, set __debug__ to False.

  • 2: Level 1, strip docstrings.

Incremented by the -O command line option. Set to the PYTHONOPTIMIZE environment variable value.

Default: 0.

PyWideStringList orig_argv

The list of the original command line arguments passed to the Python executable: sys.orig_argv.

If orig_argv list is empty and argv is not a list only containing an empty string, PyConfig_Read() copies argv into orig_argv before modifying argv (if parse_argv is non-zero).

See also the argv member and the Py_GetArgcArgv() function.

Default: empty list.

버전 3.10에 추가.

int parse_argv

Parse command line arguments?

If equals to 1, parse argv the same way the regular Python parses command line arguments, and strip Python arguments from argv.

The PyConfig_Read() function only parses PyConfig.argv arguments once: PyConfig.parse_argv is set to 2 after arguments are parsed. Since Python arguments are strippped from PyConfig.argv, parsing arguments twice would parse the application options as Python options.

Default: 1 in Python mode, 0 in isolated mode.

버전 3.10에서 변경: The PyConfig.argv arguments are now only parsed if PyConfig.parse_argv equals to 1.

int parser_debug

Parser debug mode. If greater than 0, turn on parser debugging output (for expert only, depending on compilation options).

Incremented by the -d command line option. Set to the PYTHONDEBUG environment variable value.

Default: 0.

int pathconfig_warnings

If non-zero, calculation of path configuration is allowed to log warnings into stderr. If equals to 0, suppress these warnings.

Default: 1 in Python mode, 0 in isolated mode.

Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

버전 3.11에서 변경: Now also applies on Windows.

wchar_t *prefix

The site-specific directory prefix where the platform independent Python files are installed: sys.prefix.

Default: NULL.

Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

wchar_t *program_name

Program name used to initialize executable and in early error messages during Python initialization.

  • If Py_SetProgramName() has been called, use its argument.

  • On macOS, use PYTHONEXECUTABLE environment variable if set.

  • If the WITH_NEXT_FRAMEWORK macro is defined, use __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ environment variable if set.

  • Use argv[0] of argv if available and non-empty.

  • Otherwise, use L"python" on Windows, or L"python3" on other platforms.

Default: NULL.

Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

wchar_t *pycache_prefix

Directory where cached .pyc files are written: sys.pycache_prefix.

Set by the -X pycache_prefix=PATH command line option and the PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX environment variable.

NULL이면, sys.pycache_prefixNone으로 설정됩니다.

Default: NULL.

int quiet

Quiet mode. If greater than 0, don’t display the copyright and version at Python startup in interactive mode.

Incremented by the -q command line option.

Default: 0.

wchar_t *run_command

Value of the -c command line option.

Used by Py_RunMain().

Default: NULL.

wchar_t *run_filename

Filename passed on the command line: trailing command line argument without -c or -m. It is used by the Py_RunMain() function.

For example, it is set to script.py by the python3 script.py arg command line.

See also the PyConfig.skip_source_first_line option.

Default: NULL.

wchar_t *run_module

Value of the -m command line option.

Used by Py_RunMain().

Default: NULL.

int show_ref_count

종료 시 총 참조 횟수를 표시합니까?

Set to 1 by -X showrefcount command line option.

Need a debug build of Python (the Py_REF_DEBUG macro must be defined).

Default: 0.

int site_import

시작할 때 site 모듈을 임포트 합니까?

If equal to zero, disable the import of the module site and the site-dependent manipulations of sys.path that it entails.

Also disable these manipulations if the site module is explicitly imported later (call site.main() if you want them to be triggered).

Set to 0 by the -S command line option.

sys.flags.no_site is set to the inverted value of site_import.

Default: 1.

int skip_source_first_line

If non-zero, skip the first line of the PyConfig.run_filename source.

It allows the usage of non-Unix forms of #!cmd. This is intended for a DOS specific hack only.

Set to 1 by the -x command line option.

Default: 0.

wchar_t *stdio_encoding
wchar_t *stdio_errors

Encoding and encoding errors of sys.stdin, sys.stdout and sys.stderr (but sys.stderr always uses "backslashreplace" error handler).

If Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding() has been called, use its error and errors arguments if they are not NULL.

Use the PYTHONIOENCODING environment variable if it is non-empty.

Default encoding:

Default error handler:

  • On Windows: use "surrogateescape".

  • "surrogateescape" if PyPreConfig.utf8_mode is non-zero, or if the LC_CTYPE locale is “C” or “POSIX”.

  • "strict" otherwise.

int tracemalloc

Enable tracemalloc?

0이 아니면, 시작 시 tracemalloc.start()를 호출합니다.

Set by -X tracemalloc=N command line option and by the PYTHONTRACEMALLOC environment variable.

Default: -1 in Python mode, 0 in isolated mode.

int use_environment

Use environment variables?

If equals to zero, ignore the environment variables.

Set to 0 by the -E environment variable.

Default: 1 in Python config and 0 in isolated config.

int user_site_directory

If non-zero, add the user site directory to sys.path.

Set to 0 by the -s and -I command line options.

Set to 0 by the PYTHONNOUSERSITE environment variable.

Default: 1 in Python mode, 0 in isolated mode.

int verbose

Verbose mode. If greater than 0, print a message each time a module is imported, showing the place (filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded.

If greater or equal to 2, print a message for each file that is checked for when searching for a module. Also provides information on module cleanup at exit.

Incremented by the -v command line option.

Set to the PYTHONVERBOSE environment variable value.

Default: 0.

PyWideStringList warnoptions

Options of the warnings module to build warnings filters, lowest to highest priority: sys.warnoptions.

warnings 모듈은 sys.warnoptions를 역순으로 추가합니다: 마지막 PyConfig.warnoptions 항목은 가장 먼저 검사되는 warnings.filters의 첫 번째 항목이 됩니다 (가장 높은 우선순위).

The -W command line options adds its value to warnoptions, it can be used multiple times.

The PYTHONWARNINGS environment variable can also be used to add warning options. Multiple options can be specified, separated by commas (,).

Default: empty list.

int write_bytecode

If equal to 0, Python won’t try to write .pyc files on the import of source modules.

Set to 0 by the -B command line option and the PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE environment variable.

sys.dont_write_bytecodewrite_bytecode의 반전된 값으로 초기화됩니다.

Default: 1.

PyWideStringList xoptions

Values of the -X command line options: sys._xoptions.

Default: empty list.

If parse_argv is non-zero, argv arguments are parsed the same way the regular Python parses command line arguments, and Python arguments are stripped from argv.

The xoptions options are parsed to set other options: see the -X command line option.

버전 3.9에서 변경: show_alloc_count 필드가 제거되었습니다.

PyConfig를 사용한 초기화

파이썬을 초기화하는 함수:

PyStatus Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig *config)

config 구성에서 파이썬을 초기화합니다.

호출자는 PyStatus_Exception()Py_ExitStatusException() 을 사용하여 예외(에러나 종료)를 처리해야 합니다.

If PyImport_FrozenModules(), PyImport_AppendInittab() or PyImport_ExtendInittab() are used, they must be set or called after Python preinitialization and before the Python initialization. If Python is initialized multiple times, PyImport_AppendInittab() or PyImport_ExtendInittab() must be called before each Python initialization.

The current configuration (PyConfig type) is stored in PyInterpreterState.config.

프로그램 이름을 설정하는 예:

void init_python(void)
{
    PyStatus status;

    PyConfig config;
    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);

    /* Set the program name. Implicitly preinitialize Python. */
    status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.program_name,
                                L"/path/to/my_program");
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto exception;
    }

    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto exception;
    }
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    return;

exception:
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    Py_ExitStatusException(status);
}

More complete example modifying the default configuration, read the configuration, and then override some parameters. Note that since 3.11, many parameters are not calculated until initialization, and so values cannot be read from the configuration structure. Any values set before initialize is called will be left unchanged by initialization:

PyStatus init_python(const char *program_name)
{
    PyStatus status;

    PyConfig config;
    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);

    /* Set the program name before reading the configuration
       (decode byte string from the locale encoding).

       Implicitly preinitialize Python. */
    status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name,
                                     program_name);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto done;
    }

    /* Read all configuration at once */
    status = PyConfig_Read(&config);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto done;
    }

    /* Specify sys.path explicitly */
    /* If you want to modify the default set of paths, finish
       initialization first and then use PySys_GetObject("path") */
    config.module_search_paths_set = 1;
    status = PyWideStringList_Append(&config.module_search_paths,
                                     L"/path/to/stdlib");
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto done;
    }
    status = PyWideStringList_Append(&config.module_search_paths,
                                     L"/path/to/more/modules");
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto done;
    }

    /* Override executable computed by PyConfig_Read() */
    status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.executable,
                                L"/path/to/my_executable");
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        goto done;
    }

    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);

done:
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    return status;
}

격리된 구성

PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig()PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig() 함수는 시스템에서 파이썬을 격리하는 구성을 만듭니다. 예를 들어, 파이썬을 응용 프로그램에 내장하기 위해.

This configuration ignores global configuration variables, environment variables, command line arguments (PyConfig.argv is not parsed) and user site directory. The C standard streams (ex: stdout) and the LC_CTYPE locale are left unchanged. Signal handlers are not installed.

Configuration files are still used with this configuration to determine paths that are unspecified. Ensure PyConfig.home is specified to avoid computing the default path configuration.

파이썬 구성

PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig()PyConfig_InitPythonConfig() 함수는 일반 파이썬처럼 동작하는 사용자 정의된 파이썬을 빌드하기 위한 구성을 만듭니다.

환경 변수와 명령 줄 인자는 파이썬을 구성하는 데 사용되는 반면, 전역 구성 변수는 무시됩니다.

This function enables C locale coercion (PEP 538) and Python UTF-8 Mode (PEP 540) depending on the LC_CTYPE locale, PYTHONUTF8 and PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE environment variables.

Python Path Configuration

PyConfig에는 경로 구성을 위한 여러 필드가 포함되어 있습니다:

If at least one “output field” is not set, Python calculates the path configuration to fill unset fields. If module_search_paths_set is equal to 0, module_search_paths is overridden and module_search_paths_set is set to 1.

It is possible to completely ignore the function calculating the default path configuration by setting explicitly all path configuration output fields listed above. A string is considered as set even if it is non-empty. module_search_paths is considered as set if module_search_paths_set is set to 1. In this case, module_search_paths will be used without modification.

Set pathconfig_warnings to 0 to suppress warnings when calculating the path configuration (Unix only, Windows does not log any warning).

base_prefixbase_exec_prefix 필드가 설정되지 않으면, 각각 prefixexec_prefix의 값을 상속합니다.

Py_RunMain()Py_Main()sys.path를 수정합니다:

  • run_filename이 설정되고 __main__.py 스크립트를 포함하는 디렉터리이면, run_filenamesys.path 앞에 추가합니다.

  • isolated가 0이면:

    • run_module이 설정되면, 현재 디렉터리를 sys.path 앞에 추가합니다. 현재 디렉터리를 읽을 수 없으면 아무것도 하지 않습니다.

    • run_filename이 설정되면, 파일명의 디렉터리를 sys.path 앞에 추가합니다.

    • 그렇지 않으면, 빈 문자열을 sys.path 앞에 추가합니다.

site_import가 0이 아니면, site 모듈이 sys.path를 수정할 수 있습니다. user_site_directory가 0이 아니고 사용자의 site-package 디렉터리가 존재하면, site 모듈은 사용자의 site-package 디렉터리를 sys.path에 추가합니다.

다음과 같은 구성 파일이 경로 구성에 사용됩니다:

  • pyvenv.cfg

  • ._pth file (ex: python._pth)

  • pybuilddir.txt (유닉스 전용)

If a ._pth file is present:

__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ 환경 변수는 PyConfig.base_executable을 설정하는 데 사용됩니다

Py_RunMain()

int Py_RunMain(void)

명령 줄이나 구성에서 지정된 명령 (PyConfig.run_command), 스크립트 (PyConfig.run_filename) 또는 모듈 (PyConfig.run_module)을 실행합니다.

기본적으로, 그리고 -i 옵션을 사용할 때, REPL을 실행합니다.

마지막으로, 파이썬을 파이널라이즈 하고 exit() 함수에 전달할 수 있는 종료 상태를 반환합니다.

Py_RunMain()을 사용하여 항상 격리 모드에서 실행되는 사용자 정의 파이썬의 예는 파이썬 구성을 참조하십시오.

Py_GetArgcArgv()

void Py_GetArgcArgv(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv)

파이썬이 수정하기 전의, 원래 명령 줄 인자를 가져옵니다.

See also PyConfig.orig_argv member.

다단계 초기화 비공개 잠정적 API

This section is a private provisional API introducing multi-phase initialization, the core feature of PEP 432:

  • “핵심(Core)” 초기화 단계, “최소한의 파이썬”:

    • 내장형;

    • 내장 예외;

    • 내장과 프로즌 모듈(frozen modules);

    • sys 모듈은 부분적으로만 초기화됩니다 (예를 들어: sys.path는 아직 존재하지 않습니다).

  • “주(Main)” 초기화 단계, 파이썬이 완전히 초기화됩니다:

비공개 잠정적 API:

  • PyConfig._init_main: if set to 0, Py_InitializeFromConfig() stops at the “Core” initialization phase.

  • PyConfig._isolated_interpreter: 0이 아니면, 스레드, 서브 프로세스 및 포크를 허용하지 않습니다.

PyStatus _Py_InitializeMain(void)

“주” 초기화 단계로 이동하여, 파이썬 초기화를 완료합니다.

“핵심” 단계에서는 아무런 모듈도 임포트 하지 않고 importlib 모듈이 구성되지 않습니다: 경로 구성은 “주” 단계에서만 적용됩니다. 경로 구성을 재정의하거나 조정하기 위해 파이썬에서 파이썬을 사용자 정의할 수 있으며, 사용자 정의 sys.meta_path 임포터(importer)나 임포트 훅 등을 설치할 수 있습니다.

핵심 단계 이후에 주 단계 이전에 파이썬에서 경로 구성을 계산할 수 있게 될 수 있고, 이것이 PEP 432의 동기 중 하나입니다.

“핵심” 단계가 제대로 정의되지 않았습니다: 이 단계에서 무엇을 사용할 수 있고, 무엇이 그렇지 않아야 하는지는 아직 지정되지 않았습니다. API는 비공개이자 잠정적인 것으로 표시됩니다: 적절한 공개 API가 설계될 때까지 언제든지 API를 수정하거나 제거할 수 있습니다.

“핵심”과 “주” 초기화 단계 사이에서 파이썬 코드를 실행하는 예제:

void init_python(void)
{
    PyStatus status;

    PyConfig config;
    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
    config._init_main = 0;

    /* ... customize 'config' configuration ... */

    status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        Py_ExitStatusException(status);
    }

    /* Use sys.stderr because sys.stdout is only created
       by _Py_InitializeMain() */
    int res = PyRun_SimpleString(
        "import sys; "
        "print('Run Python code before _Py_InitializeMain', "
               "file=sys.stderr)");
    if (res < 0) {
        exit(1);
    }

    /* ... put more configuration code here ... */

    status = _Py_InitializeMain();
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        Py_ExitStatusException(status);
    }
}