5. Using Python on a Mac
************************

저자:
   Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>

Python on a Mac running macOS is in principle very similar to Python
on any other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional
features such as the integrated development environment (IDE) and the
Package Manager that are worth pointing out.


5.1. Getting and Installing Python
==================================

macOS used to come with Python 2.7 pre-installed between versions 10.8
and 12.3. You are invited to install the most recent version of Python
3 from the Python website. A current "universal2 binary" build of
Python, which runs natively on the Mac's new Apple Silicon and legacy
Intel processors, is available there.

설치 후 얻을 수 있는 것은 여러 가지가 있습니다:

* A "Python 3.11" folder in your "Applications" folder. In here you
  find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of
  official Python distributions; and **Python Launcher**, which
  handles double-clicking Python scripts from the Finder.

* A framework "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework", which includes
  the Python executable and libraries. The installer adds this
  location to your shell path. To uninstall Python, you can remove
  these three things. A symlink to the Python executable is placed in
  "/usr/local/bin/".

참고:

  On macOS 10.8-12.3, the Apple-provided build of Python is installed
  in "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework" and
  "/usr/bin/python", respectively. You should never modify or delete
  these, as they are Apple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-
  party software.  Remember that if you choose to install a newer
  Python version from python.org, you will have two different but
  functional Python installations on your computer, so it will be
  important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you
  want to do.

IDLE includes a Help menu that allows you to access Python
documentation. If you are completely new to Python you should start
reading the tutorial introduction in that document.

다른 유닉스 플랫폼에서 파이썬에 익숙하다면 유닉스 셸에서 파이썬 스크립
트를 실행하는 부분을 읽어야 합니다.


5.1.1. 파이썬 스크립트를 실행하는 방법
--------------------------------------

Your best way to get started with Python on macOS is through the IDLE
integrated development environment; see section IDE and use the Help
menu when the IDE is running.

If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command
line or from the Finder you first need an editor to create your
script. macOS comes with a number of standard Unix command line
editors, **vim** **nano** among them. If you want a more Mac-like
editor, **BBEdit** from Bare Bones Software (see
https://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good
choices, as is **TextMate** (see https://macromates.com). Other
editors include **MacVim** (https://macvim.org) and **Aquamacs**
(https://aquamacs.org).

터미널 창에서 스크립트를 실행하려면 "/usr/local/bin"이 셸 검색 경로에
있도록 해야 합니다.

Finder에서 스크립트를 실행하려면 두 가지 옵션이 있습니다:

* Drag it to **Python Launcher**.

* Select **Python Launcher** as the default application to open your
  script (or any ".py" script) through the finder Info window and
  double-click it. **Python Launcher** has various preferences to
  control how your script is launched. Option-dragging allows you to
  change these for one invocation, or use its Preferences menu to
  change things globally.


5.1.2. GUI로 스크립트 실행하기
------------------------------

With older versions of Python, there is one macOS quirk that you need
to be aware of: programs that talk to the Aqua window manager (in
other words, anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way.
Use **pythonw** instead of **python** to start such scripts.

파이썬 3.9에서는, **python**이나 **pythonw**를 모두 사용할 수 있습니다
.


5.1.3. 구성
-----------

Python on macOS honors all standard Unix environment variables such as
"PYTHONPATH", but setting these variables for programs started from
the Finder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your ".profile"
or ".cshrc" at startup. You need to create a file
"~/.MacOSX/environment.plist". See Apple's Technical Q&A QA1067 for
details.

For more information on installation Python packages, see section 추가
파이썬 패키지 설치하기.


5.2. IDE
========

Python ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A good
introduction to using IDLE can be found at
https://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.


5.3. 추가 파이썬 패키지 설치하기
================================

This section has moved to the Python Packaging User Guide.


5.4. GUI Programming
====================

Mac에서 파이썬으로 GUI 응용 프로그램을 작성하기 위한 몇 가지 옵션이 있
습니다.

*PyObjC*는 애플의 Objective-C/Cocoa 프레임워크에 대한 파이썬 바인딩입
니다. 이 프레임워크는 가장 현대적인 Mac 개발의 기초입니다. PyObjC에 대
한 정보는 https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/ 에서 얻을 수 있습니다.

표준 파이썬 GUI 툴킷은 크로스 플랫폼 Tk 툴킷(https://www.tcl.tk)을 기
반으로 하는 "tkinter"입니다. Tk의 Aqua-네이티브 버전은 애플에 의해 OS
X에 번들로 제공되며, 최신 버전은 https://www.activestate.com 에서 내려
받아 설치할 수 있습니다; 소스에서 빌드할 수도 있습니다.

A number of alternative macOS GUI toolkits are available:

* PySide: Official Python bindings to the Qt GUI toolkit.

* PyQt: Alternative Python bindings to Qt.

* Kivy: A cross-platform GUI toolkit that supports desktop and mobile
  platforms.

* Toga: Part of the BeeWare Project; supports desktop, mobile, web and
  console apps.

* wxPython: A cross-platform toolkit that supports desktop operating
  systems.


5.5. Distributing Python Applications
=====================================

A range of tools exist for converting your Python code into a
standalone distributable application:

* py2app: Supports creating macOS ".app" bundles from a Python
  project.

* Briefcase: Part of the BeeWare Project; a cross-platform packaging
  tool that supports creation of ".app" bundles on macOS, as well as
  managing signing and notarization.

* PyInstaller: A cross-platform packaging tool that creates a single
  file or folder as a distributable artifact.


5.6. 기타 자원
==============

The Pythonmac-SIG mailing list is an excellent support resource for
Python users and developers on the Mac:

https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/pythonmac-sig/

또 다른 유용한 자원은 MacPython 위키입니다:

https://wiki.python.org/moin/MacPython
