# 참조 횟수

이 섹션의 매크로는 파이썬 객체의 참조 횟수를 관리하는 데 사용됩니다.

void `Py_INCREF`(PyObject *o)

  Indicate taking a new strong reference to object o, indicating it is in use and should not be destroyed.

  This function is usually used to convert a borrowed reference to a strong reference in-place. The `Py_NewRef()` function can be used to create a new strong reference.

  When done using the object, release it by calling `Py_DECREF()`.

  The object must not be `NULL`; if you aren’t sure that it isn’t `NULL`, use `Py_XINCREF()`.

  Do not expect this function to actually modify o in any way.

void `Py_XINCREF`(PyObject *o)

  Similar to `Py_INCREF()`, but the object o can be `NULL`, in which case this has no effect.

  See also `Py_XNewRef()`.

PyObject *`Py_NewRef`(PyObject *o)
  Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.10.

  Create a new strong reference to an object: call `Py_INCREF()` on o and return the object o.

  When the strong reference is no longer needed, `Py_DECREF()` should be called on it to release the reference.

  The object o must not be `NULL`; use `Py_XNewRef()` if o can be `NULL`.

  For example:

      Py_INCREF(obj);
      self->attr = obj;

  can be written as:

      self->attr = Py_NewRef(obj);

  See also `Py_INCREF()`.

  버전 3.10에 추가.

PyObject *`Py_XNewRef`(PyObject *o)
  Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.10.

  Similar to `Py_NewRef()`, but the object o can be NULL.

  If the object o is `NULL`, the function just returns `NULL`.

  버전 3.10에 추가.

void `Py_DECREF`(PyObject *o)

  Release a strong reference to object o, indicating the reference is no longer used.

  Once the last strong reference is released (i.e. the object’s reference count reaches 0), the object’s type’s deallocation function (which must not be `NULL`) is invoked.

  This function is usually used to delete a strong reference before exiting its scope.

  The object must not be `NULL`; if you aren’t sure that it isn’t `NULL`, use `Py_XDECREF()`.

  Do not expect this function to actually modify o in any way.

  경고

  할당 해제 함수는 임의의 파이썬 코드가 호출되도록 할 수 있습니다 (예를 들어, `__del__()` 메서드가 있는 클래스 인스턴스가 할당 해제될 때). 이러한 코드에서의 예외는 전파되지 않지만, 실행된 코드는 모든 파이썬 전역 변수에 자유롭게 액세스할 수 있습니다. 이것은 `Py_DECREF()`가 호출되기 전에 전역 변수에서 도달할 수 있는 모든 객체가 일관성 있는 상태에 있어야 함을 뜻합니다. 예를 들어, 리스트에서 객체를 삭제하는 코드는 삭제된 객체에 대한 참조를 임시 변수에 복사하고, 리스트 데이터 구조를 갱신한 다음, 임시 변수에 대해 `Py_DECREF()`를 호출해야 합니다.

void `Py_XDECREF`(PyObject *o)

  Similar to `Py_DECREF()`, but the object o can be `NULL`, in which case this has no effect. The same warning from `Py_DECREF()` applies here as well.

void `Py_CLEAR`(PyObject *o)

  Release a strong reference for object o. The object may be `NULL`, in which case the macro has no effect; otherwise the effect is the same as for `Py_DECREF()`, except that the argument is also set to `NULL`. The warning for `Py_DECREF()` does not apply with respect to the object passed because the macro carefully uses a temporary variable and sets the argument to `NULL` before releasing the reference.

  It is a good idea to use this macro whenever releasing a reference to an object that might be traversed during garbage collection.

void `Py_IncRef`(PyObject *o)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Indicate taking a new strong reference to object o. A function version of `Py_XINCREF()`. It can be used for runtime dynamic embedding of Python.

void `Py_DecRef`(PyObject *o)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Release a strong reference to object o. A function version of `Py_XDECREF()`. It can be used for runtime dynamic embedding of Python.

다음 함수나 매크로는 인터프리터 코어에서만 사용할 수 있습니다: `_Py_Dealloc()`, `_Py_ForgetReference()`, `_Py_NewReference()` 및 전역 변수 `_Py_RefTotal`.