What's New In Python 3.14
*************************

Editor:
   TBD

This article explains the new features in Python 3.14, compared to
3.13.

For full details, see the changelog.

注釈:

  Prerelease users should be aware that this document is currently in
  draft form. It will be updated substantially as Python 3.14 moves
  towards release, so it's worth checking back even after reading
  earlier versions.


Summary -- Release highlights
=============================


New Features
============


Other Language Changes
======================

* Incorrect usage of "await" and asynchronous comprehensions is now
  detected even if the code is optimized away by the "-O" command line
  option. For example, "python -O -c 'assert await 1'" now produces a
  "SyntaxError". (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in gh-121637.)

* Writes to "__debug__" are now detected even if the code is optimized
  away by the "-O" command line option. For example, "python -O -c
  'assert (__debug__ := 1)'" now produces a "SyntaxError".
  (Contributed by Irit Katriel in gh-122245.)

* Added class methods "float.from_number()" and
  "complex.from_number()" to convert a number to "float" or "complex"
  type correspondingly. They raise an error if the argument is a
  string. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in gh-84978.)


New Modules
===========

* None yet.


Improved Modules
================


ast
---

* Added "ast.compare()" for comparing two ASTs. (Contributed by
  Batuhan Taskaya and Jeremy Hylton in bpo-15987.)

* Add support for "copy.replace()" for AST nodes.

  (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in gh-121141.)


ctypes
------

* The layout of bit fields in "Structure" and "Union" now matches
  platform defaults (GCC/Clang or MVSC) more closely. In particular,
  fields no longer overlap. (Contributed by Matthias Görgens in
  gh-97702.)

* The "Structure._layout_" class attribute can now be set to help
  match a non-default ABI. (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in gh-97702.)


dis
---

* Added support for rendering full source location information of
  "instructions", rather than only the line number. This feature is
  added to the following interfaces via the "show_positions" keyword
  argument:

  * "dis.Bytecode",

  * "dis.dis()", "dis.distb()", and

  * "dis.disassemble()".

  This feature is also exposed via "dis --show-positions".

  (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in gh-123165.)


fractions
---------

Added support for converting any objects that have the
"as_integer_ratio()" method to a "Fraction". (Contributed by Serhiy
Storchaka in gh-82017.)


http
----

Directory lists and error pages generated by the "http.server" module
allow the browser to apply its default dark mode. (Contributed by
Yorik Hansen in gh-123430.)


json
----

Add notes for JSON serialization errors that allow to identify the
source of the error. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in gh-122163.)

Enable "json" module to work as a script using the "-m" switch:
"python -m json". See the JSON command-line interface documentation.
(Contributed by Trey Hunner in gh-122873.)


operator
--------

* Two new functions "operator.is_none" and "operator.is_not_none" have
  been added, such that "operator.is_none(obj)" is equivalent to "obj
  is None" and "operator.is_not_none(obj)" is equivalent to "obj is
  not None". (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Nico Mexis in
  gh-115808.)


os
--

* Added the "os.environ.refresh()" method to update "os.environ" with
  changes to the environment made by "os.putenv()", by
  "os.unsetenv()", or made outside Python in the same process.
  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in gh-120057.)


pathlib
-------

* Add methods to "pathlib.Path" to recursively copy or move files and
  directories:

  * "copy()" copies a file or directory tree to a destination.

  * "copy_into()" copies *into* a destination directory.

  * "move()" moves a file or directory tree to a destination.

  * "move_into()" moves *into* a destination directory.

  (Contributed by Barney Gale in gh-73991.)


pdb
---

* Hard-coded breakpoints ("breakpoint()" and "pdb.set_trace()") now
  reuse the most recent "Pdb" instance that calls "set_trace()",
  instead of creating a new one each time. As a result, all the
  instance specific data like "display" and "commands" are preserved
  across hard-coded breakpoints. (Contributed by Tian Gao in
  gh-121450.)


pickle
------

* Set the default protocol version on the "pickle" module to 5. For
  more details, please see pickle protocols.


symtable
--------

* Expose the following "symtable.Symbol" methods:

  * "is_free_class()"

  * "is_comp_iter()"

  * "is_comp_cell()"

  (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in gh-120029.)


Optimizations
=============


asyncio
-------

* "asyncio" now uses double linked list implementation for native
  tasks which speeds up execution by 10% on standard pyperformance
  benchmarks and reduces memory usage. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in
  gh-107803.)


Deprecated
==========

* "builtins": Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag*
  argument in the "complex()" constructor is now deprecated; it should
  only be passed as a single positional argument. (Contributed by
  Serhiy Storchaka in gh-109218.)

* "os": *Soft deprecate* "os.popen()" and "os.spawn*" functions. They
  should no longer be used to write new code.  The "subprocess" module
  is recommended instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in
  gh-120743.)

* "symtable": Deprecate "symtable.Class.get_methods()" due to the lack
  of interest. (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in gh-119698.)


Pending Removal in Python 3.15
------------------------------

* "http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler" will be removed along with its
  related "--cgi" flag to "python -m http.server".  It was obsolete
  and rarely used.  No direct replacement exists.  *Anything* is
  better than CGI to interface a web server with a request handler.

* "locale": "locale.getdefaultlocale()" was deprecated in Python 3.11
  and originally planned for removal in Python 3.13 (gh-90817), but
  removal has been postponed to Python 3.15. Use "locale.setlocale()",
  "locale.getencoding()" and "locale.getlocale()" instead.
  (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in gh-111187.)

* "pathlib": "pathlib.PurePath.is_reserved()" is deprecated and
  scheduled for removal in Python 3.15. Use "os.path.isreserved()" to
  detect reserved paths on Windows.

* "platform": "java_ver()" is deprecated and will be removed in 3.15.
  It was largely untested, had a confusing API, and was only useful
  for Jython support. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-116349.)

* "threading": Passing any arguments to "threading.RLock()" is now
  deprecated. C version allows any numbers of args and kwargs, but
  they are just ignored. Python version does not allow any arguments.
  All arguments will be removed from "threading.RLock()" in Python
  3.15. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-102029.)

* "typing.NamedTuple":

  * The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating "NamedTuple"
    classes ("NT = NamedTuple("NT", x=int)") is deprecated, and will
    be disallowed in 3.15. Use the class-based syntax or the
    functional syntax instead.

  * When using the functional syntax to create a "NamedTuple" class,
    failing to pass a value to the *fields* parameter ("NT =
    NamedTuple("NT")") is deprecated. Passing "None" to the *fields*
    parameter ("NT = NamedTuple("NT", None)") is also deprecated. Both
    will be disallowed in Python 3.15. To create a "NamedTuple" class
    with 0 fields, use "class NT(NamedTuple): pass" or "NT =
    NamedTuple("NT", [])".

* "typing.TypedDict": When using the functional syntax to create a
  "TypedDict" class, failing to pass a value to the *fields* parameter
  ("TD = TypedDict("TD")") is deprecated. Passing "None" to the
  *fields* parameter ("TD = TypedDict("TD", None)") is also
  deprecated. Both will be disallowed in Python 3.15. To create a
  "TypedDict" class with 0 fields, use "class TD(TypedDict): pass" or
  "TD = TypedDict("TD", {})".

* "wave": Deprecate the "getmark()", "setmark()" and "getmarkers()"
  methods of the "wave.Wave_read" and "wave.Wave_write" classes. They
  will be removed in Python 3.15. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in
  gh-105096.)


Pending Removal in Python 3.16
------------------------------

* "array": "array.array" "'u'" type ("wchar_t"): use the "'w'" type
  instead ("Py_UCS4").

* "builtins": "~bool", bitwise inversion on bool.

* "symtable": Deprecate "symtable.Class.get_methods()" due to the lack
  of interest. (Contributed by Bénédikt Tran in gh-119698.)

* "shutil": Deprecate "shutil.ExecError", which hasn't been raised by
  any "shutil" function since Python 3.4. It's now an alias for
  "RuntimeError".


Pending Removal in Future Versions
----------------------------------

The following APIs will be removed in the future, although there is
currently no date scheduled for their removal.

* "argparse": Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive
  groups are deprecated.

* "array"'s "'u'" format code (gh-57281)

* "builtins":

  * "bool(NotImplemented)".

  * Generators: "throw(type, exc, tb)" and "athrow(type, exc, tb)"
    signature is deprecated: use "throw(exc)" and "athrow(exc)"
    instead, the single argument signature.

  * Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by
    keywords, for example "0in x", "1or x", "0if 1else 2".  It allows
    confusing and ambiguous expressions like "[0x1for x in y]" (which
    can be interpreted as "[0x1 for x in y]" or "[0x1f or x in y]").
    A syntax warning is raised if the numeric literal is immediately
    followed by one of keywords "and", "else", "for", "if", "in", "is"
    and "or".  In a future release it will be changed to a syntax
    error. (gh-87999)

  * Support for "__index__()" and "__int__()" method returning non-int
    type: these methods will be required to return an instance of a
    strict subclass of "int".

  * Support for "__float__()" method returning a strict subclass of
    "float": these methods will be required to return an instance of
    "float".

  * Support for "__complex__()" method returning a strict subclass of
    "complex": these methods will be required to return an instance of
    "complex".

  * Delegation of "int()" to "__trunc__()" method.

  * Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag* argument in the
    "complex()" constructor is now deprecated; it should only be
    passed as a single positional argument. (Contributed by Serhiy
    Storchaka in gh-109218.)

* "calendar": "calendar.January" and "calendar.February" constants are
  deprecated and replaced by "calendar.JANUARY" and
  "calendar.FEBRUARY". (Contributed by Prince Roshan in gh-103636.)

* "codeobject.co_lnotab": use the "codeobject.co_lines()" method
  instead.

* "datetime":

  * "utcnow()": use "datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)".

  * "utcfromtimestamp()": use
    "datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)".

* "gettext": Plural value must be an integer.

* "importlib":

  * "load_module()" method: use "exec_module()" instead.

  * "cache_from_source()" *debug_override* parameter is deprecated:
    use the *optimization* parameter instead.

* "importlib.metadata":

  * "EntryPoints" tuple interface.

  * Implicit "None" on return values.

* "logging": the "warn()" method has been deprecated since Python 3.3,
  use "warning()" instead.

* "mailbox": Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use
  BytesIO and binary mode instead.

* "os": Calling "os.register_at_fork()" in multi-threaded process.

* "pydoc.ErrorDuringImport": A tuple value for *exc_info* parameter is
  deprecated, use an exception instance.

* "re": More strict rules are now applied for numerical group
  references and group names in regular expressions.  Only sequence of
  ASCII digits is now accepted as a numerical reference.  The group
  name in bytes patterns and replacement strings can now only contain
  ASCII letters and digits and underscore. (Contributed by Serhiy
  Storchaka in gh-91760.)

* "sre_compile", "sre_constants" and "sre_parse" modules.

* "shutil": "rmtree()"'s *onerror* parameter is deprecated in Python
  3.12; use the *onexc* parameter instead.

* "ssl" options and protocols:

  * "ssl.SSLContext" without protocol argument is deprecated.

  * "ssl.SSLContext": "set_npn_protocols()" and
    "selected_npn_protocol()" are deprecated: use ALPN instead.

  * "ssl.OP_NO_SSL*" options

  * "ssl.OP_NO_TLS*" options

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3"

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS"

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1"

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1"

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2"

  * "ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3"

  * "ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1"

  * "ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1"

* "sysconfig.is_python_build()" *check_home* parameter is deprecated
  and ignored.

* "threading" methods:

  * "threading.Condition.notifyAll()": use "notify_all()".

  * "threading.Event.isSet()": use "is_set()".

  * "threading.Thread.isDaemon()", "threading.Thread.setDaemon()": use
    "threading.Thread.daemon" attribute.

  * "threading.Thread.getName()", "threading.Thread.setName()": use
    "threading.Thread.name" attribute.

  * "threading.currentThread()": use "threading.current_thread()".

  * "threading.activeCount()": use "threading.active_count()".

* "typing.Text" (gh-92332).

* "unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase": it is deprecated to return a
  value that is not "None" from a test case.

* "urllib.parse" deprecated functions: "urlparse()" instead

  * "splitattr()"

  * "splithost()"

  * "splitnport()"

  * "splitpasswd()"

  * "splitport()"

  * "splitquery()"

  * "splittag()"

  * "splittype()"

  * "splituser()"

  * "splitvalue()"

  * "to_bytes()"

* "urllib.request": "URLopener" and "FancyURLopener" style of invoking
  requests is deprecated. Use newer "urlopen()" functions and methods.

* "wsgiref": "SimpleHandler.stdout.write()" should not do partial
  writes.

* "xml.etree.ElementTree": Testing the truth value of an "Element" is
  deprecated. In a future release it will always return "True". Prefer
  explicit "len(elem)" or "elem is not None" tests instead.

* "zipimport.zipimporter.load_module()" is deprecated: use
  "exec_module()" instead.


Removed
=======


argparse
--------

* Remove the *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters of
  "argparse.BooleanOptionalAction". They were deprecated since 3.12.


ast
---

* Remove the following classes. They were all deprecated since Python
  3.8, and have emitted deprecation warnings since Python 3.12:

  * "ast.Num"

  * "ast.Str"

  * "ast.Bytes"

  * "ast.NameConstant"

  * "ast.Ellipsis"

  Use "ast.Constant" instead. As a consequence of these removals,
  user-defined "visit_Num", "visit_Str", "visit_Bytes",
  "visit_NameConstant" and "visit_Ellipsis" methods on custom
  "ast.NodeVisitor" subclasses will no longer be called when the
  "NodeVisitor" subclass is visiting an AST. Define a "visit_Constant"
  method instead.

  Also, remove the following deprecated properties on "ast.Constant",
  which were present for compatibility with the now-removed AST
  classes:

  * "ast.Constant.n"

  * "ast.Constant.s"

  Use "ast.Constant.value" instead.

  (Contributed by Alex Waygood in gh-119562.)


asyncio
-------

* Remove the following classes and functions. They were all deprecated
  and emitted deprecation warnings since Python 3.12:

  * "asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher"

  * "asyncio.SafeChildWatcher"

  * "asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher"

  * "asyncio.FastChildWatcher"

  * "asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher"

  * "asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher"

  * "asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher()"

  * "asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher()"

  * "asyncio.get_child_watcher()"

  * "asyncio.set_child_watcher()"

  (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in gh-120804.)


collections.abc
---------------

* Remove "collections.abc.ByteString". It had previously raised a
  "DeprecationWarning" since Python 3.12.


email
-----

* Remove the *isdst* parameter from "email.utils.localtime()".
  (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in gh-118798.)


importlib
---------

* Remove deprecated "importlib.abc" classes:

  * "importlib.abc.ResourceReader"

  * "importlib.abc.Traversable"

  * "importlib.abc.TraversableResources"

  Use "importlib.resources.abc" classes instead:

  * "importlib.resources.abc.Traversable"

  * "importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources"

  (Contributed by Jason R. Coombs and Hugo van Kemenade in gh-93963.)


itertools
---------

* Remove "itertools" support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle
  operations. These had previously raised a "DeprecationWarning" since
  Python 3.12. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in gh-101588.)


pathlib
-------

* Remove support for passing additional keyword arguments to
  "pathlib.Path". In previous versions, any such arguments are
  ignored.

* Remove support for passing additional positional arguments to
  "pathlib.PurePath.relative_to()" and "is_relative_to()". In previous
  versions, any such arguments are joined onto *other*.


pty
---

* Remove deprecated "pty.master_open()" and "pty.slave_open()". They
  had previously raised a "DeprecationWarning" since Python 3.12. Use
  "pty.openpty()" instead. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in
  gh-118824.)


sqlite3
-------

* Remove "version" and "version_info" from "sqlite3". (Contributed by
  Hugo van Kemenade in gh-118924.)

* Disallow using a sequence of parameters with named placeholders.
  This had previously raised a "DeprecationWarning" since Python 3.12;
  it will now raise a "sqlite3.ProgrammingError". (Contributed by
  Erlend E. Aasland in gh-118928 and gh-101693.)


typing
------

* Remove "typing.ByteString". It had previously raised a
  "DeprecationWarning" since Python 3.12.


urllib
------

* Remove deprecated "Quoter" class from "urllib.parse". It had
  previously raised a "DeprecationWarning" since Python 3.11.
  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-118827.)


Others
------

* Using "NotImplemented" in a boolean context will now raise a
  "TypeError". It had previously raised a "DeprecationWarning" since
  Python 3.9. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in gh-118767.)

* The "int()" built-in no longer delegates to "__trunc__()". Classes
  that want to support conversion to integer must implement either
  "__int__()" or "__index__()". (Contributed by Mark Dickinson in
  gh-119743.)


Porting to Python 3.14
======================

This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes
that may require changes to your code.


Changes in the Python API
-------------------------

* "functools.partial" is now a method descriptor. Wrap it in
  "staticmethod()" if you want to preserve the old behavior.
  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Dominykas Grigonis in
  gh-121027.)


Build Changes
=============


C API Changes
=============


New Features
------------

* Add "PyLong_GetSign()" function to get the sign of "int" objects.
  (Contributed by Sergey B Kirpichev in gh-116560.)

* Add a new "PyUnicodeWriter" API to create a Python "str" object:

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_Create()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_Discard()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_Finish()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUCS4()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_WriteWideChar()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_Format()".

  * "PyUnicodeWriter_DecodeUTF8Stateful()".

  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in gh-119182.)

* Add "PyIter_NextItem()" to replace "PyIter_Next()", which has an
  ambiguous return value. (Contributed by Irit Katriel and Erlend
  Aasland in gh-105201.)

* "Py_Finalize()" now deletes all interned strings. This is backwards
  incompatible to any C-Extension that holds onto an interned string
  after a call to "Py_Finalize()" and is then reused after a call to
  "Py_Initialize()".  Any issues arising from this behavior will
  normally result in crashes during the exectuion of the subsequent
  call to "Py_Initialize()" from accessing uninitialized memory. To
  fix, use an address sanitizer to identify any use-after-free coming
  from an interned string and deallocate it during module shutdown.
  (Contribued by Eddie Elizondo in gh-113601.)

* Add new functions to convert C "<stdint.h>" numbers from/to Python
  "int":

  * "PyLong_FromInt32()"

  * "PyLong_FromInt64()"

  * "PyLong_FromUInt32()"

  * "PyLong_FromUInt64()"

  * "PyLong_AsInt32()"

  * "PyLong_AsInt64()"

  * "PyLong_AsUInt32()"

  * "PyLong_AsUInt64()"

  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in gh-120389.)

* Add "PyBytes_Join(sep, iterable)" function, similar to
  "sep.join(iterable)" in Python. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in
  gh-121645.)

* Add "Py_HashBuffer()" to compute and return the hash value of a
  buffer. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Victor Stinner in
  gh-122854.)

* Add functions to get and set the current runtime Python
  configuration (**PEP 741**):

  * "PyConfig_Get()"

  * "PyConfig_GetInt()"

  * "PyConfig_Set()"

  * "PyConfig_Names()"

  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in gh-107954.)

* Add functions to configure the Python initialization (**PEP 741**):

  * "PyInitConfig_Create()"

  * "PyInitConfig_Free()"

  * "PyInitConfig_GetError()"

  * "PyInitConfig_GetExitCode()"

  * "PyInitConfig_HasOption()"

  * "PyInitConfig_GetInt()"

  * "PyInitConfig_GetStr()"

  * "PyInitConfig_GetStrList()"

  * "PyInitConfig_FreeStrList()"

  * "PyInitConfig_SetInt()"

  * "PyInitConfig_SetStr()"

  * "PyInitConfig_SetStrList()"

  * "PyInitConfig_AddModule()"

  * "Py_InitializeFromInitConfig()"

  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in gh-107954.)


Porting to Python 3.14
----------------------

* In the limited C API 3.14 and newer, "Py_TYPE()" is now implemented
  as an opaque function call to hide implementation details.
  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in gh-120600.)


Deprecated
----------

* Macros "Py_IS_NAN", "Py_IS_INFINITY" and "Py_IS_FINITE" are *soft
  deprecated*, use instead "isnan", "isinf" and "isfinite" available
  from "math.h" since C99.  (Contributed by Sergey B Kirpichev in
  gh-119613.)

* "asyncio.iscoroutinefunction()" is deprecated and will be removed in
  Python 3.16, use "inspect.iscoroutinefunction()" instead.
  (Contributed by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in gh-122875.)


Pending Removal in Python 3.15
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The bundled copy of "libmpdecimal".

* "PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock()": use "PyImport_ImportModule()"
  instead.

* "PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT()": use "PyWeakref_GetRef()" instead.

* "PyWeakref_GetObject()": use "PyWeakref_GetRef()" instead.

* "Py_UNICODE_WIDE" type: use "wchar_t" instead.

* "Py_UNICODE" type: use "wchar_t" instead.

* Python initialization functions:

  * "PySys_ResetWarnOptions()": clear "sys.warnoptions" and
    "warnings.filters" instead.

  * "Py_GetExecPrefix()": get "sys.exec_prefix" instead.

  * "Py_GetPath()": get "sys.path" instead.

  * "Py_GetPrefix()": get "sys.prefix" instead.

  * "Py_GetProgramFullPath()": get "sys.executable" instead.

  * "Py_GetProgramName()": get "sys.executable" instead.

  * "Py_GetPythonHome()": get "PyConfig.home" or the "PYTHONHOME"
    environment variable instead.


Pending Removal in Future Versions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed, although there
is currently no date scheduled for their removal.

* "Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE": unneeded since Python 3.8.

* "PyErr_Fetch()": use "PyErr_GetRaisedException()" instead.

* "PyErr_NormalizeException()": use "PyErr_GetRaisedException()"
  instead.

* "PyErr_Restore()": use "PyErr_SetRaisedException()" instead.

* "PyModule_GetFilename()": use "PyModule_GetFilenameObject()"
  instead.

* "PyOS_AfterFork()": use "PyOS_AfterFork_Child()" instead.

* "PySlice_GetIndicesEx()": use "PySlice_Unpack()" and
  "PySlice_AdjustIndices()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject()": use "PyCodec_Decode()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode()": use "PyCodec_Decode()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject()": use "PyCodec_Encode()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode()": use "PyCodec_Encode()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_READY()": unneeded since Python 3.12

* "PyErr_Display()": use "PyErr_DisplayException()" instead.

* "_PyErr_ChainExceptions()": use "_PyErr_ChainExceptions1" instead.

* "PyBytesObject.ob_shash" member: call "PyObject_Hash()" instead.

* "PyDictObject.ma_version_tag" member.

* Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:

  * "PyThread_create_key()": use "PyThread_tss_alloc()" instead.

  * "PyThread_delete_key()": use "PyThread_tss_free()" instead.

  * "PyThread_set_key_value()": use "PyThread_tss_set()" instead.

  * "PyThread_get_key_value()": use "PyThread_tss_get()" instead.

  * "PyThread_delete_key_value()": use "PyThread_tss_delete()"
    instead.

  * "PyThread_ReInitTLS()": unneeded since Python 3.7.


Removed
-------

* Creating "immutable types" with mutable bases was deprecated since
  3.12 and now raises a "TypeError".
