5. Mac で Python を使う
***********************

著者:
   Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>

Python on a Mac running macOS is in principle very similar to Python
on any other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional
features such as the integrated development environment (IDE) and the
Package Manager that are worth pointing out.


5.1. Getting and Installing Python
==================================

macOS used to come with Python 2.7 pre-installed between versions 10.8
and 12.3. You are invited to install the most recent version of Python
3 from the Python website. A current "universal2 binary" build of
Python, which runs natively on the Mac's new Apple Silicon and legacy
Intel processors, is available there.

インストールを行うといくつかのものが手に入ります:

* A "Python 3.12" folder in your "Applications" folder. In here you
  find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of
  official Python distributions; and **Python Launcher**, which
  handles double-clicking Python scripts from the Finder.

* A framework "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework", which includes
  the Python executable and libraries. The installer adds this
  location to your shell path. To uninstall Python, you can remove
  these three things. A symlink to the Python executable is placed in
  "/usr/local/bin/".

注釈:

  On macOS 10.8-12.3, the Apple-provided build of Python is installed
  in "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework" and
  "/usr/bin/python", respectively. You should never modify or delete
  these, as they are Apple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-
  party software.  Remember that if you choose to install a newer
  Python version from python.org, you will have two different but
  functional Python installations on your computer, so it will be
  important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you
  want to do.

IDLE includes a Help menu that allows you to access Python
documentation. If you are completely new to Python you should start
reading the tutorial introduction in that document.

もし他の Unix プラットフォームで Python を使い慣れている場合には Unix
シェルからの Python スクリプトの実行についての節を読むことをおすすめし
ます。


5.1.1. Python スクリプトの実行方法
----------------------------------

Your best way to get started with Python on macOS is through the IDLE
integrated development environment; see section IDE and use the Help
menu when the IDE is running.

If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command
line or from the Finder you first need an editor to create your
script. macOS comes with a number of standard Unix command line
editors, **vim** **nano** among them. If you want a more Mac-like
editor, **BBEdit** from Bare Bones Software (see
https://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good
choices, as is **TextMate** (see https://macromates.com). Other
editors include **MacVim** (https://macvim.org) and **Aquamacs**
(https://aquamacs.org).

ターミナルからスクリプトを実行するには "/usr/local/bin" がシェルのパス
に含まれていることを確認してください。

Finder からスクリプトを実行するのには 2 つの方法があります:

* Drag it to **Python Launcher**.

* Select **Python Launcher** as the default application to open your
  script (or any ".py" script) through the finder Info window and
  double-click it. **Python Launcher** has various preferences to
  control how your script is launched. Option-dragging allows you to
  change these for one invocation, or use its Preferences menu to
  change things globally.


5.1.2. GUI でスクリプトを実行
-----------------------------

古いバージョンの Python には、気を付けておかないといけない macOS の癖
があります: Aqua ウィンドウマネージャとやりとりをする (別の言い方をす
ると GUI を持つ) プログラムは特別な方法で実行する必要があります。 その
ようなスクリプトを実行するには **python** ではなく **pythonw** を使っ
てください。

Python 3.9 では、 **python** と **pythonw** のどちらでも使えます。


5.1.3. Configuration
--------------------

Python on macOS honors all standard Unix environment variables such as
"PYTHONPATH", but setting these variables for programs started from
the Finder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your ".profile"
or ".cshrc" at startup. You need to create a file
"~/.MacOSX/environment.plist". See Apple's Technical Q&A QA1067 for
details.

For more information on installation Python packages, see section 追加
の Python パッケージのインストール.


5.2. IDE
========

Python ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A good
introduction to using IDLE can be found at
https://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.


5.3. 追加の Python パッケージのインストール
===========================================

This section has moved to the Python Packaging User Guide.


5.4. GUI Programming
====================

Python で Mac 上の GUI アプリケーションをビルドする方法がいくつかあり
ます。

*PyObjC* is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework,
which is the foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on
PyObjC is available from pyobjc.

Python 標準の GUI ツールキットは、クロスプラットフォームの Tk ツールキ
ット (https://www.tcl.tk) 上に構築された "tkinter" です。 Tk の Aqua
ネイティブバージョンは Apple が macOS にバンドルしており、最新バージョ
ンは https://www.activestate.com からダウンロードおよびインストールで
きます; またソースからビルドすることもできます。

A number of alternative macOS GUI toolkits are available:

* PySide: Official Python bindings to the Qt GUI toolkit.

* PyQt: Alternative Python bindings to Qt.

* Kivy: A cross-platform GUI toolkit that supports desktop and mobile
  platforms.

* Toga: Part of the BeeWare Project; supports desktop, mobile, web and
  console apps.

* wxPython: A cross-platform toolkit that supports desktop operating
  systems.


5.5. Distributing Python Applications
=====================================

A range of tools exist for converting your Python code into a
standalone distributable application:

* py2app: Supports creating macOS ".app" bundles from a Python
  project.

* Briefcase: Part of the BeeWare Project; a cross-platform packaging
  tool that supports creation of ".app" bundles on macOS, as well as
  managing signing and notarization.

* PyInstaller: A cross-platform packaging tool that creates a single
  file or folder as a distributable artifact.


5.6. 他のリソース
=================

The Pythonmac-SIG mailing list is an excellent support resource for
Python users and developers on the Mac:

https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/pythonmac-sig/

他の役に立つリソースは MacPython wiki です:

https://wiki.python.org/moin/MacPython
