# 5. Mac で Python を使う

著者:

  Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>

Python on a Mac running macOS is in principle very similar to Python on any other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such as the integrated development environment (IDE) and the Package Manager that are worth pointing out.

## 5.1. Getting and Installing Python

macOS used to come with Python 2.7 pre-installed between versions 10.8 and 12.3. You are invited to install the most recent version of Python 3 from the Python website. A current "universal2 binary" build of Python, which runs natively on the Mac's new Apple Silicon and legacy Intel processors, is available there.

インストールを行うといくつかのものが手に入ります:

- A `Python 3.12` folder in your `Applications` folder. In here you find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of official Python distributions; and Python Launcher, which handles double-clicking Python scripts from the Finder.

- A framework `/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework`, which includes the Python executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your shell path. To uninstall Python, you can remove these three things. A symlink to the Python executable is placed in `/usr/local/bin/`.

注釈

On macOS 10.8-12.3, the Apple-provided build of Python is installed in `/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework` and `/usr/bin/python`, respectively. You should never modify or delete these, as they are Apple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-party software. Remember that if you choose to install a newer Python version from python.org, you will have two different but functional Python installations on your computer, so it will be important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you want to do.

IDLE includes a Help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If you are completely new to Python you should start reading the tutorial introduction in that document.

もし他の Unix プラットフォームで Python を使い慣れている場合には Unix シェルからの Python スクリプトの実行についての節を読むことをおすすめします。

### 5.1.1. Python スクリプトの実行方法

Your best way to get started with Python on macOS is through the IDLE integrated development environment; see section IDE and use the Help menu when the IDE is running.

If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command line or from the Finder you first need an editor to create your script. macOS comes with a number of standard Unix command line editors, vim nano among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor, BBEdit from Bare Bones Software (see https://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as is TextMate (see https://macromates.com). Other editors include MacVim (https://macvim.org) and Aquamacs (https://aquamacs.org).

ターミナルからスクリプトを実行するには `/usr/local/bin` がシェルのパスに含まれていることを確認してください。

Finder からスクリプトを実行するのには 2 つの方法があります:

- Drag it to Python Launcher.

- Select Python Launcher as the default application to open your script (or any `.py` script) through the finder Info window and double-click it. Python Launcher has various preferences to control how your script is launched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one invocation, or use its Preferences menu to change things globally.

### 5.1.2. GUI でスクリプトを実行

古いバージョンの Python には、気を付けておかないといけない macOS の癖があります: Aqua ウィンドウマネージャとやりとりをする (別の言い方をすると GUI を持つ) プログラムは特別な方法で実行する必要があります。 そのようなスクリプトを実行するには python ではなく pythonw を使ってください。

Python 3.9 では、 python と pythonw のどちらでも使えます。

### 5.1.3. Configuration

Python on macOS honors all standard Unix environment variables such as `PYTHONPATH`, but setting these variables for programs started from the Finder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your `.profile` or `.cshrc` at startup. You need to create a file `~/.MacOSX/environment.plist`. See Apple's Technical Q&A QA1067 for details.

For more information on installation Python packages, see section 追加の Python パッケージのインストール.

## 5.2. IDE

Python ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A good introduction to using IDLE can be found at https://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.

## 5.3. 追加の Python パッケージのインストール

This section has moved to the Python Packaging User Guide.

## 5.4. GUI Programming

Python で Mac 上の GUI アプリケーションをビルドする方法がいくつかあります。

PyObjC is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which is the foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC is available from pyobjc.

Python 標準の GUI ツールキットは、クロスプラットフォームの Tk ツールキット (https://www.tcl.tk) 上に構築された `tkinter` です。 Tk の Aqua ネイティブバージョンは Apple が macOS にバンドルしており、最新バージョンは https://www.activestate.com からダウンロードおよびインストールできます; またソースからビルドすることもできます。

A number of alternative macOS GUI toolkits are available:

- PySide: Official Python bindings to the Qt GUI toolkit.

- PyQt: Alternative Python bindings to Qt.

- Kivy: A cross-platform GUI toolkit that supports desktop and mobile platforms.

- Toga: Part of the BeeWare Project; supports desktop, mobile, web and console apps.

- wxPython: A cross-platform toolkit that supports desktop operating systems.

## 5.5. Distributing Python Applications

A range of tools exist for converting your Python code into a standalone distributable application:

- py2app: Supports creating macOS `.app` bundles from a Python project.

- Briefcase: Part of the BeeWare Project; a cross-platform packaging tool that supports creation of `.app` bundles on macOS, as well as managing signing and notarization.

- PyInstaller: A cross-platform packaging tool that creates a single file or folder as a distributable artifact.

## 5.6. 他のリソース

The Pythonmac-SIG mailing list is an excellent support resource for Python users and developers on the Mac:

https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/pythonmac-sig/

他の役に立つリソースは MacPython wiki です:

https://wiki.python.org/moin/MacPython