歴史とライセンス
****************


Python の歴史
=============

Python は 1990 年代の始め、オランダにある Stichting Mathematisch
Centrum (CWI, https://www.cwi.nl/ 参照)  で Guido van Rossum によって
ABC と呼ばれる言語の後継言語として生み出されました。その後多くの人々が
Python に貢献していますが、 Guido は今日でも Python 製作者の先頭に立っ
ています。

1995 年、 Guido は米国ヴァージニア州レストンにある Corporation for
National Reserch Initiatives (CNRI, https://www.cnri.reston.va.us/ 参
照) で Python の開発に携わり、いくつかのバージョンをリリースしました。

2000 年 3 月、 Guido と Python のコア開発チームは BeOpen.com に移り、
BeOpen PythonLabs チームを結成しました。同年 10 月、 PythonLabs チーム
は Digital Creations (現在の Zope Corporation, https://www.zope.org/
参照) に移りました。そして 2001 年、  Python に関する知的財産を保有す
るための非営利組織 Python Software  Foundation (PSF、
https://www.python.org/psf/ 参照) を立ち上げました。このとき Zope
Corporation は PSF の賛助会員になりました。

Python のリリースは全てオープンソース (オープンソースの定義は
https://opensource.org/ を参照してください) です。歴史的にみて、ごく一
部を除くほとんどの Python リリースは GPL 互換になっています; 各リリー
スについては下表にまとめてあります。

+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| リリース         | ベース         | 西暦年       | 権利         | GPL 互換          |
|==================|================|==============|==============|===================|
| 0.9.0 - 1.2      | n/a            | 1991-1995    | CWI          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 1.3 - 1.5.2      | 1.2            | 1995-1999    | CNRI         | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 1.6              | 1.5.2          | 2000         | CNRI         | no                |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.0              | 1.6            | 2000         | BeOpen.com   | no                |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 1.6.1            | 1.6            | 2001         | CNRI         | no                |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.1              | 2.0+1.6.1      | 2001         | PSF          | no                |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.0.1            | 2.0+1.6.1      | 2001         | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.1.1            | 2.1+2.0.1      | 2001         | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.1.2            | 2.1.1          | 2002         | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.1.3            | 2.1.2          | 2002         | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.2 以降         | 2.1.1          | 2001-現在    | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-------------------+

注釈:

  「GPL 互換」という表現は、Python が GPL で配布されているという意味で
  はありません。Python のライセンスは全て、GPL と違い、変更したバージ
  ョンを配布する際に変更をオープンソースにしなくてもかまいません。GPL
  互換のライセンスの下では、GPL でリリースされている他のソフトウェアと
  Python を組み合わせられますが、それ以外のライセンスではそうではあり
  ません。

Guido の指示の下、これらのリリースを可能にしてくださった多くのボランテ
ィアのみなさんに感謝します。


Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python
============================================================

Python software and documentation are licensed under the PSF License
Agreement.

Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code in the
documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Agreement and
the Zero-Clause BSD license.

Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses.
The licenses are listed with code falling under that license. See
Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software for an
incomplete list of these licenses.


PSF LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 3.14.0a0
-----------------------------------------

   1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation ("PSF"), and
      the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python
      3.14.0a0 software in source or binary form and its associated documentation.

   2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby
      grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
      analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
      distribute, and otherwise use Python 3.14.0a0 alone or in any derivative
      version, provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of
      copyright, i.e., "Copyright © 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation; All Rights
      Reserved" are retained in Python 3.14.0a0 alone or in any derivative version
      prepared by Licensee.

   3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or
      incorporates Python 3.14.0a0 or any part thereof, and wants to make the
      derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby
      agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python
      3.14.0a0.

   4. PSF is making Python 3.14.0a0 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis.
      PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF
      EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR
      WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE
      USE OF PYTHON 3.14.0a0 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

   5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 3.14.0a0
      FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF
      MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 3.14.0a0, OR ANY DERIVATIVE
      THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

   6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of
      its terms and conditions.

   7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship
      of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and Licensee.  This License
      Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF trademarks or trade name in a
      trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any
      third party.

   8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python 3.14.0a0, Licensee agrees
      to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.


BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0
-------------------------------------------

BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1

   1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an office at
      160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the Individual or Organization
      ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using this software in source or binary
      form and its associated documentation ("the Software").

   2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License Agreement,
      BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license
      to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative
      works, distribute, and otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative
      version, provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the
      Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.

   3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis.
      BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF
      EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR
      WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE
      USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

   4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE SOFTWARE FOR
      ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF USING,
      MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF
      ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

   5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of
      its terms and conditions.

   6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all respects
      by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of law provisions.
      Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of
      agency, partnership, or joint venture between BeOpen and Licensee.  This License
      Agreement does not grant permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a
      trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any
      third party.  As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at
      http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the permissions
      granted on that web page.

   7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee agrees to be
      bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.


CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1
---------------------------------------

   1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research
      Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 20191
      ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
      otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in source or binary form and its
      associated documentation.

   2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI hereby
      grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
      analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
      distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version,
      provided, however, that CNRI's License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright,
      i.e., "Copyright © 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All
      Rights Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version
      prepared by Licensee.  Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License Agreement,
      Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the quotes): "Python 1.6.1
      is made available subject to the terms and conditions in CNRI's License
      Agreement.  This Agreement together with Python 1.6.1 may be located on the
      internet using the following unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle):
      1895.22/1013.  This Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the
      internet using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013."

   3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or
      incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative
      work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to
      include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python 1.6.1.

   4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis.  CNRI
      MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF EXAMPLE,
      BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY
      OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF
      PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

   5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 1.6.1 FOR
      ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF
      MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, OR ANY DERIVATIVE
      THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

   6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of
      its terms and conditions.

   7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal intellectual property
      law of the United States, including without limitation the federal copyright
      law, and, to the extent such U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the
      Commonwealth of Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.
      Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based on Python
      1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was previously distributed
      under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the law of the Commonwealth of
      Virginia shall govern this License Agreement only as to issues arising under or
      with respect to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement.  Nothing in
      this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency,
      partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee.  This License Agreement
      does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or trade name in a trademark
      sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third
      party.

   8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, installing
      or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and
      conditions of this License Agreement.


CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2
--------------------------------------------------

   Copyright © 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, The
   Netherlands.  All rights reserved.

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
   documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that
   the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
   notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that
   the name of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or
   publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
   prior permission.

   STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
   SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO
   EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT
   OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,
   DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
   ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
   SOFTWARE.


ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON 3.14.0a0 DOCUMENTATION
---------------------------------------------------------------------

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
   purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
   REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
   AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
   INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
   LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
   OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
   PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software
=======================================================

This section is an incomplete, but growing list of licenses and
acknowledgements for third-party software incorporated in the Python
distribution.


Mersenne Twister
----------------

The "_random" C extension underlying the "random" module includes code
based on a download from http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat
/MT/MT2002/emt19937ar.html. The following are the verbatim comments
from the original code:

   A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/1/26.
   Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.

   Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed)
   or init_by_array(init_key, key_length).

   Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,
   All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:

    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

    3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote
       products derived from this software without specific prior written
       permission.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
   CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
   EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
   PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
   PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
   LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
   NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
   SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


   Any feedback is very welcome.
   http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/emt.html
   email: m-mat @ math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp (remove space)


ソケット
--------

The "socket" module uses the functions, "getaddrinfo()", and
"getnameinfo()", which are coded in separate source files from the
WIDE Project, https://www.wide.ad.jp/.

   Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
   All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:
   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
      without specific prior written permission.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   SUCH DAMAGE.


Asynchronous socket services
----------------------------

The "test.support.asynchat" and "test.support.asyncore" modules
contain the following notice:

   Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing

                           All Rights Reserved

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
   its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
   granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
   copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
   notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Sam
   Rushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
   distribution of the software without specific, written prior
   permission.

   SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
   INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN
   NO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
   CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
   OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
   NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
   CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


Cookie management
-----------------

The "http.cookies" module contains the following notice:

   Copyright 2000 by Timothy O'Malley <timo@alum.mit.edu>

                  All Rights Reserved

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
   and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
   granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
   copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
   notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
   Timothy O'Malley  not be used in advertising or publicity
   pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
   prior permission.

   Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
   SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
   AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR
   ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
   WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
   WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
   ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
   PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


Execution tracing
-----------------

The "trace" module contains the following notice:

   portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights...
   err...  reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the
   Python 2.2 license.
   Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx
   http://zooko.com/
   mailto:zooko@zooko.com

   Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved.
   Author: Skip Montanaro

   Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved.
   Author: Andrew Dalke

   Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved.
   Author: Skip Montanaro

   Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved.


   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and
   its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby
   granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,
   and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
   supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,
   Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
   distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.


UUencode and UUdecode functions
-------------------------------

The "uu" codec contains the following notice:

   Copyright 1994 by Lance Ellinghouse
   Cathedral City, California Republic, United States of America.
                          All Rights Reserved
   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
   documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
   provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
   both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
   supporting documentation, and that the name of Lance Ellinghouse
   not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
   of the software without specific, written prior permission.
   LANCE ELLINGHOUSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
   THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
   FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL LANCE ELLINGHOUSE CENTRUM BE LIABLE
   FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
   WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
   ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
   OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

   Modified by Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995:
   - Use binascii module to do the actual line-by-line conversion
     between ascii and binary. This results in a 1000-fold speedup. The C
     version is still 5 times faster, though.
   - Arguments more compliant with Python standard


XML Remote Procedure Calls
--------------------------

The "xmlrpc.client" module contains the following notice:

       The XML-RPC client interface is

   Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB
   Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh

   By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
   associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
   and will comply with the following terms and conditions:

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
   its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
   hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
   all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
   notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
   Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
   pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
   prior permission.

   SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
   TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
   ABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
   BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
   DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
   WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
   ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
   OF THIS SOFTWARE.


test_epoll
----------

The "test.test_epoll" module contains the following notice:

   Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
   "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
   the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
   included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
   NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
   LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
   OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
   WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


Select kqueue
-------------

"select" モジュールは kqueue インターフェースについての次の告知を含ん
でいます:

   Copyright (c) 2000 Doug White, 2006 James Knight, 2007 Christian Heimes
   All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:
   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   SUCH DAMAGE.


SipHash24
---------

The file "Python/pyhash.c" contains Marek Majkowski' implementation of
Dan Bernstein's SipHash24 algorithm. It contains the following note:

   <MIT License>
   Copyright (c) 2013  Marek Majkowski <marek@popcount.org>

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
   copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
   furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
   all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
   </MIT License>

   Original location:
      https://github.com/majek/csiphash/

   Solution inspired by code from:
      Samuel Neves (supercop/crypto_auth/siphash24/little)
      djb (supercop/crypto_auth/siphash24/little2)
      Jean-Philippe Aumasson (https://131002.net/siphash/siphash24.c)


strtod と dtoa
--------------

The file "Python/dtoa.c", which supplies C functions dtoa and strtod
for conversion of C doubles to and from strings, is derived from the
file of the same name by David M. Gay, currently available from https
://web.archive.org/web/20220517033456/http://www.netlib.org/fp/dtoa.c.
The original file, as retrieved on March 16, 2009, contains the
following copyright and licensing notice:

   /****************************************************************
    *
    * The author of this software is David M. Gay.
    *
    * Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001 by Lucent Technologies.
    *
    * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
    * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
    * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
    * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
    * documentation for such software.
    *
    * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
    * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR LUCENT MAKES ANY
    * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
    * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
    *
    ***************************************************************/


OpenSSL
-------

The modules "hashlib", "posix" and "ssl" use the OpenSSL library for
added performance if made available by the operating system.
Additionally, the Windows and macOS installers for Python may include
a copy of the OpenSSL libraries, so we include a copy of the OpenSSL
license here. For the OpenSSL 3.0 release, and later releases derived
from that, the Apache License v2 applies:

                                 Apache License
                           Version 2.0, January 2004
                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/

   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

   1. Definitions.

      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
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      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
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      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
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      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
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   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
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   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS


expat
-----

The "pyexpat" extension is built using an included copy of the expat
sources unless the build is configured "--with-system-expat":

   Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd
                                  and Clark Cooper

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
   "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
   the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
   in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
   IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
   CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
   TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
   SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


libffi
------

The "_ctypes" C extension underlying the "ctypes" module is built
using an included copy of the libffi sources unless the build is
configured "--with-system-libffi":

   Copyright (c) 1996-2008  Red Hat, Inc and others.

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
   ``Software''), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
   the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
   in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
   NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
   HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
   WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
   OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
   DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


zlib
----

The "zlib" extension is built using an included copy of the zlib
sources if the zlib version found on the system is too old to be used
for the build:

   Copyright (C) 1995-2011 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler

   This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
   warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
   arising from the use of this software.

   Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
   including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
   freely, subject to the following restrictions:

   1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
      claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
      in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
      appreciated but is not required.

   2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
      misrepresented as being the original software.

   3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

   Jean-loup Gailly        Mark Adler
   jloup@gzip.org          madler@alumni.caltech.edu


cfuhash
-------

The implementation of the hash table used by the "tracemalloc" で使用
しているハッシュテーブルの実装は、cfuhashプロジェクトのものに基づきま
す:

   Copyright (c) 2005 Don Owens
   All rights reserved.

   This code is released under the BSD license:

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:

     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
       with the distribution.

     * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
       from this software without specific prior written permission.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
   FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
   INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
   (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
   SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
   STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
   ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
   OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


libmpdec
--------

The "_decimal" C extension underlying the "decimal" module is built
using an included copy of the libmpdec library unless the build is
configured "--with-system-libmpdec":

   Copyright (c) 2008-2020 Stefan Krah. All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:

   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
   ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   SUCH DAMAGE.


W3C C14N test suite
-------------------

The C14N 2.0 test suite in the "test" package
("Lib/test/xmltestdata/c14n-20/") was retrieved from the W3C website
at https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n2-testcases/ and is distributed under
the 3-clause BSD license:

   Copyright (c) 2013 W3C(R) (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang),
   All Rights Reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:

   * Redistributions of works must retain the original copyright notice,
     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the original copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   * Neither the name of the W3C nor the names of its contributors may be
     used to endorse or promote products derived from this work without
     specific prior written permission.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


mimalloc
--------

MIT License:

   Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Microsoft Corporation, Daan Leijen

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
   copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
   furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
   copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
   IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
   LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
   OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
   SOFTWARE.


asyncio
-------

Parts of the "asyncio" module are incorporated from uvloop 0.16, which
is distributed under the MIT license:

   Copyright (c) 2015-2021 MagicStack Inc.  http://magic.io

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
   "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
   the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
   included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
   NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
   LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
   OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
   WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


Global Unbounded Sequences (GUS)
--------------------------------

The file "Python/qsbr.c" is adapted from FreeBSD's "Global Unbounded
Sequences" safe memory reclamation scheme in subr_smr.c. The file is
distributed under the 2-Clause BSD License:

   Copyright (c) 2019,2020 Jeffrey Roberson <jeff@FreeBSD.org>

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:
   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following
      disclaimer.
   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
   IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
   OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
   IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
   INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
   NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
   THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
