"importlib.resources" -- パッケージリソースの読み取り、オープン、アクセス
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**ソースコード:** Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py

======================================================================

Added in version 3.7.

This module leverages Python's import system to provide access to
*resources* within *packages*.

"Resources" are file-like resources associated with a module or
package in Python. The resources may be contained directly in a
package, within a subdirectory contained in that package, or adjacent
to modules outside a package. Resources may be text or binary. As a
result, Python module sources (.py) of a package and compilation
artifacts (pycache) are technically de-facto resources of that
package. In practice, however, resources are primarily those non-
Python artifacts exposed specifically by the package author.

Resources can be opened or read in either binary or text mode.

リソースは大体ディレクトリの中のファイルに似ていますが、これは単なる例
え話であることを頭に入れておくことが重要です。例えば、パッケージとその
リソースは "zipimport" を使って zip ファイルからインポートすることがで
きます。

注釈:

  このモジュールは、 pkg_resources Basic Resource Access に似た機能を
  、そのパッケージのパフォーマンスのオーバーヘッドを伴わずに提供します
  。 これにより、パッケージに含まれるリソースの読み込みがより簡単にな
  り、より安定した一貫した意味付けができるようになります。このモジュー
  ルのスタンドアローンバックポートでは、 importlib.resources の使用 と
  pkg_resources から importlib.resources への移行 についての詳細情報を
  提供しています。

"Loaders" でリソースの読み込みをサポートしたい場合は、
"importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader" で指定された
"get_resource_reader(fullname)" メソッドを実装しなければいけません。

class importlib.resources.Anchor

   Represents an anchor for resources, either a "module object" or a
   module name as a string. Defined as "Union[str, ModuleType]".

importlib.resources.files(anchor: Anchor | None = None)

   Returns a "Traversable" object representing the resource container
   (think directory) and its resources (think files). A Traversable
   may contain other containers (think subdirectories).

   *anchor* is an optional "Anchor". If the anchor is a package,
   resources are resolved from that package. If a module, resources
   are resolved adjacent to that module (in the same package or the
   package root). If the anchor is omitted, the caller's module is
   used.

   Added in version 3.9.

   バージョン 3.12 で変更: *package* parameter was renamed to
   *anchor*. *anchor* can now be a non-package module and if omitted
   will default to the caller's module. *package* is still accepted
   for compatibility but will raise a "DeprecationWarning". Consider
   passing the anchor positionally or using "importlib_resources >=
   5.10" for a compatible interface on older Pythons.

importlib.resources.as_file(traversable)

   Given a "Traversable" object representing a file or directory,
   typically from "importlib.resources.files()", return a context
   manager for use in a "with" statement. The context manager provides
   a "pathlib.Path" object.

   Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file or
   directory created when the resource was extracted from e.g. a zip
   file.

   Use "as_file" when the Traversable methods ("read_text", etc) are
   insufficient and an actual file or directory on the file system is
   required.

   Added in version 3.9.

   バージョン 3.12 で変更: Added support for *traversable*
   representing a directory.


Deprecated functions
====================

An older, deprecated set of functions is still available, but is
scheduled for removal in a future version of Python. The main drawback
of these functions is that they do not support directories: they
assume all resources are located directly within a *package*.

importlib.resources.Package

      Whenever a function accepts a "Package" argument, you can pass
      in either a "module object" or a module name as a string.  You
      can only pass module objects whose
      "__spec__.submodule_search_locations" is not "None".

      The "Package" type is defined as "Union[str, ModuleType]".

   バージョン 3.12 で非推奨.

importlib.resources.Resource

   For *resource* arguments of the functions below, you can pass in
   the name of a resource as a string or a "path-like object".

   The "Resource" type is defined as "Union[str, os.PathLike]".

importlib.resources.open_binary(package, resource)

   Open for binary reading the *resource* within *package*.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).  This
   function returns a "typing.BinaryIO" instance, a binary I/O stream
   open for reading.

   バージョン 3.11 で非推奨: Calls to this function can be replaced
   by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).open('rb')

importlib.resources.open_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

   Open for text reading the *resource* within *package*.  By default,
   the resource is opened for reading as UTF-8.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).
   *encoding* and *errors* have the same meaning as with built-in
   "open()".

   This function returns a "typing.TextIO" instance, a text I/O stream
   open for reading.

   バージョン 3.11 で非推奨: Calls to this function can be replaced
   by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).open('r', encoding=encoding)

importlib.resources.read_binary(package, resource)

   Read and return the contents of the *resource* within *package* as
   "bytes".

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).  This
   function returns the contents of the resource as "bytes".

   バージョン 3.11 で非推奨: Calls to this function can be replaced
   by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).read_bytes()

importlib.resources.read_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

   Read and return the contents of *resource* within *package* as a
   "str". By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).
   *encoding* and *errors* have the same meaning as with built-in
   "open()".  This function returns the contents of the resource as
   "str".

   バージョン 3.11 で非推奨: Calls to this function can be replaced
   by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).read_text(encoding=encoding)

importlib.resources.path(package, resource)

   Return the path to the *resource* as an actual file system path.
   This function returns a context manager for use in a "with"
   statement. The context manager provides a "pathlib.Path" object.

   Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created
   when the resource needs to be extracted from e.g. a zip file.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).

   バージョン 3.11 で非推奨: Calls to this function can be replaced
   using "as_file()":

      as_file(files(package).joinpath(resource))

importlib.resources.is_resource(package, name)

   Return "True" if there is a resource named *name* in the package,
   otherwise "False". This function does not consider directories to
   be resources. *package* is either a name or a module object which
   conforms to the "Package" requirements.

   バージョン 3.11 で非推奨: Calls to this function can be replaced
   by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).is_file()

importlib.resources.contents(package)

   Return an iterable over the named items within the package.  The
   iterable returns "str" resources (e.g. files) and non-resources
   (e.g. directories).  The iterable does not recurse into
   subdirectories.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.

   バージョン 3.11 で非推奨: Calls to this function can be replaced
   by:

      (resource.name for resource in files(package).iterdir() if resource.is_file())
