"unicodedata" --- Unicode Database
**********************************

======================================================================

This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database (UCD)
which defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The
data contained in this database is compiled from the UCD version
16.0.0.

The module uses the same names and symbols as defined by Unicode
Standard Annex #44, "Unicode Character Database".  It defines the
following functions:

Vedi anche:

  The Unicode HOWTO for more information about Unicode and how to use
  this module.

unicodedata.lookup(name)

   Look up character by name.  If a character with the given name is
   found, return the corresponding character.  If not found,
   "KeyError" is raised. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.lookup('LEFT CURLY BRACKET')
      '{'

   The characters returned by this function are the same as those
   produced by "\N" escape sequence in string literals. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.lookup('MIDDLE DOT') == '\N{MIDDLE DOT}'
      True

   Cambiato nella versione 3.3: Support for name aliases [1] and named
   sequences [2] has been added.

unicodedata.name(chr, default=None, /)

   Returns the name assigned to the character *chr* as a string. If no
   name is defined, *default* is returned, or, if not given,
   "ValueError" is raised. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.name('½')
      'VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF'
      >>> unicodedata.name('\uFFFF', 'fallback')
      'fallback'

unicodedata.decimal(chr, default=None, /)

   Returns the decimal value assigned to the character *chr* as
   integer. If no such value is defined, *default* is returned, or, if
   not given, "ValueError" is raised. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.decimal('\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE}')
      9
      >>> unicodedata.decimal('\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}', -1)
      -1

unicodedata.digit(chr, default=None, /)

   Returns the digit value assigned to the character *chr* as integer.
   If no such value is defined, *default* is returned, or, if not
   given, "ValueError" is raised:

      >>> unicodedata.digit('\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}')
      9

unicodedata.numeric(chr, default=None, /)

   Returns the numeric value assigned to the character *chr* as float.
   If no such value is defined, *default* is returned, or, if not
   given, "ValueError" is raised:

      >>> unicodedata.numeric('½')
      0.5

unicodedata.category(chr)

   Returns the general category assigned to the character *chr* as
   string. General category names consist of two letters. See the
   General Category Values section of the Unicode Character Database
   documentation for a list of category codes. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.category('A')  # 'L'etter, 'u'ppercase
      'Lu'

unicodedata.bidirectional(chr)

   Returns the bidirectional class assigned to the character *chr* as
   string. If no such value is defined, an empty string is returned.
   See the Bidirectional Class Values section of the Unicode Character
   Database documentation for a list of bidirectional codes. For
   example:

      >>> unicodedata.bidirectional('\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN}') # 'A'rabic, 'N'umber
      'AN'

unicodedata.combining(chr)

   Returns the canonical combining class assigned to the character
   *chr* as integer. Returns "0" if no combining class is defined. See
   the Canonical Combining Class Values section of the Unicode
   Character Database for more information.

unicodedata.east_asian_width(chr)

   Returns the east asian width assigned to the character *chr* as
   string. For a list of widths and or more information, see the
   Unicode Standard Annex #11.

unicodedata.mirrored(chr)

   Returns the mirrored property assigned to the character *chr* as
   integer. Returns "1" if the character has been identified as a
   "mirrored" character in bidirectional text, "0" otherwise. For
   example:

      >>> unicodedata.mirrored('>')
      1

unicodedata.decomposition(chr)

   Returns the character decomposition mapping assigned to the
   character *chr* as string. An empty string is returned in case no
   such mapping is defined. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.decomposition('Ã')
      '0041 0303'

unicodedata.normalize(form, unistr)

   Return the normal form *form* for the Unicode string *unistr*.
   Valid values for *form* are 'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD', and 'NFKD'.

   The Unicode standard defines various normalization forms of a
   Unicode string, based on the definition of canonical equivalence
   and compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, several characters can
   be expressed in various way. For example, the character U+00C7
   (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA) can also be expressed as the
   sequence U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C) U+0327 (COMBINING
   CEDILLA).

   For each character, there are two normal forms: normal form C and
   normal form D. Normal form D (NFD) is also known as canonical
   decomposition, and translates each character into its decomposed
   form. Normal form C (NFC) first applies a canonical decomposition,
   then composes pre-combined characters again.

   In addition to these two forms, there are two additional normal
   forms based on compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, certain
   characters are supported which normally would be unified with other
   characters. For example, U+2160 (ROMAN NUMERAL ONE) is really the
   same thing as U+0049 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I). However, it is
   supported in Unicode for compatibility with existing character sets
   (for example, gb2312).

   The normal form KD (NFKD) will apply the compatibility
   decomposition, that is, replace all compatibility characters with
   their equivalents. The normal form KC (NFKC) first applies the
   compatibility decomposition, followed by the canonical composition.

   Even if two unicode strings are normalized and look the same to a
   human reader, if one has combining characters and the other
   doesn't, they may not compare equal.

unicodedata.is_normalized(form, unistr)

   Return whether the Unicode string *unistr* is in the normal form
   *form*. Valid values for *form* are 'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD', and
   'NFKD'.

   Added in version 3.8.

In addition, the module exposes the following constant:

unicodedata.unidata_version

   The version of the Unicode database used in this module.

unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0

   This is an object that has the same methods as the entire module,
   but uses the Unicode database version 3.2 instead, for applications
   that require this specific version of the Unicode database (such as
   IDNA).

-[ Footnotes ]-

[1] https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt

[2] https://www.unicode.org/Public/16.0.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt
