# `token` — Constants used with Python parse trees

Source code: Lib/token.py

This module provides constants which represent the numeric values of leaf nodes of the parse tree (terminal tokens). Refer to the file `Grammar/Tokens` in the Python distribution for the definitions of the names in the context of the language grammar. The specific numeric values which the names map to may change between Python versions.

The module also provides a mapping from numeric codes to names and some functions. The functions mirror definitions in the Python C header files.

Note that a token’s value may depend on tokenizer options. For example, a `"+"` token may be reported as either `PLUS` or `OP`, or a `"match"` token may be either `NAME` or `SOFT_KEYWORD`.

token.tok_name

  Dictionary mapping the numeric values of the constants defined in this module back to name strings, allowing more human-readable representation of parse trees to be generated.

token.ISTERMINAL(x)

  Return `True` for terminal token values.

token.ISNONTERMINAL(x)

  Return `True` for non-terminal token values.

token.ISEOF(x)

  Return `True` if x is the marker indicating the end of input.

The token constants are:

token.NAME

  Token value that indicates an identifier. Note that keywords are also initially tokenized as `NAME` tokens.

token.NUMBER

  Token value that indicates a numeric literal

token.STRING

  Token value that indicates a string or byte literal, excluding formatted string literals. The token string is not interpreted: it includes the surrounding quotation marks and the prefix (if given); backslashes are included literally, without processing escape sequences.

token.OP

  A generic token value that indicates an operator or delimiter.

  Dettaglio dell’implementazione di CPython: This value is only reported by the `tokenize` module. Internally, the tokenizer uses exact token types instead.

token.COMMENT

  Token value used to indicate a comment. The parser ignores `COMMENT` tokens.

token.NEWLINE

  Token value that indicates the end of a logical line.

token.NL

  Token value used to indicate a non-terminating newline. `NL` tokens are generated when a logical line of code is continued over multiple physical lines. The parser ignores `NL` tokens.

token.INDENT

  Token value used at the beginning of a logical line to indicate the start of an indented block.

token.DEDENT

  Token value used at the beginning of a logical line to indicate the end of an indented block.

token.FSTRING_START

  Token value used to indicate the beginning of an f-string literal.

  Dettaglio dell’implementazione di CPython: The token string includes the prefix and the opening quote(s), but none of the contents of the literal.

token.FSTRING_MIDDLE

  Token value used for literal text inside an f-string literal, including format specifications.

  Dettaglio dell’implementazione di CPython: Replacement fields (that is, the non-literal parts of f-strings) use the same tokens as other expressions, and are delimited by `LBRACE`, `RBRACE`, `EXCLAMATION` and `COLON` tokens.

token.FSTRING_END

  Token value used to indicate the end of a f-string.

  Dettaglio dell’implementazione di CPython: The token string contains the closing quote(s).

token.TSTRING_START

  Token value used to indicate the beginning of a template string literal.

  Dettaglio dell’implementazione di CPython: The token string includes the prefix and the opening quote(s), but none of the contents of the literal.

  Added in version 3.14.

token.TSTRING_MIDDLE

  Token value used for literal text inside a template string literal including format specifications.

  Dettaglio dell’implementazione di CPython: Replacement fields (that is, the non-literal parts of t-strings) use the same tokens as other expressions, and are delimited by `LBRACE`, `RBRACE`, `EXCLAMATION` and `COLON` tokens.

  Added in version 3.14.

token.TSTRING_END

  Token value used to indicate the end of a template string literal.

  Dettaglio dell’implementazione di CPython: The token string contains the closing quote(s).

  Added in version 3.14.

token.ENDMARKER

  Token value that indicates the end of input. Used in top-level grammar rules.

token.ENCODING

  Token value that indicates the encoding used to decode the source bytes into text. The first token returned by `tokenize.tokenize()` will always be an `ENCODING` token.

  Dettaglio dell’implementazione di CPython: This token type isn’t used by the C tokenizer but is needed for the `tokenize` module.

The following token types are not produced by the `tokenize` module, and are defined for special uses in the tokenizer or parser:

token.TYPE_IGNORE

  Token value indicating that a `type: ignore` comment was recognized. Such tokens are produced instead of regular `COMMENT` tokens only with the `PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS` flag.

token.TYPE_COMMENT

  Token value indicating that a type comment was recognized. Such tokens are produced instead of regular `COMMENT` tokens only with the `PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS` flag.

token.SOFT_KEYWORD

  Token value indicating a soft keyword.

  The tokenizer never produces this value. To check for a soft keyword, pass a `NAME` token’s string to `keyword.issoftkeyword()`.

token.ERRORTOKEN

  Token value used to indicate wrong input.

  The `tokenize` module generally indicates errors by raising exceptions instead of emitting this token. It can also emit tokens such as `OP` or `NAME` with strings that are later rejected by the parser.

The remaining tokens represent specific operators and delimiters. (The `tokenize` module reports these as `OP`; see `exact_type` in the `tokenize` documentation for details.)

Token | Value
--- | ---
token.LPAR | `"("`
token.RPAR | `")"`
token.LSQB | `"["`
token.RSQB | `"]"`
token.COLON | `":"`
token.COMMA | `","`
token.SEMI | `";"`
token.PLUS | `"+"`
token.MINUS | `"-"`
token.STAR | `"*"`
token.SLASH | `"/"`
token.VBAR | `"|"`
token.AMPER | `"&"`
token.LESS | `"<"`
token.GREATER | `">"`
token.EQUAL | `"="`
token.DOT | `"."`
token.PERCENT | `"%"`
token.LBRACE | `"{"`
token.RBRACE | `"}"`
token.EQEQUAL | `"=="`
token.NOTEQUAL | `"!="`
token.LESSEQUAL | `"<="`
token.GREATEREQUAL | `">="`
token.TILDE | `"~"`
token.CIRCUMFLEX | `"^"`
token.LEFTSHIFT | `"<<"`
token.RIGHTSHIFT | `">>"`
token.DOUBLESTAR | `"**"`
token.PLUSEQUAL | `"+="`
token.MINEQUAL | `"-="`
token.STAREQUAL | `"*="`
token.SLASHEQUAL | `"/="`
token.PERCENTEQUAL | `"%="`
token.AMPEREQUAL | `"&="`
token.VBAREQUAL | `"|="`
token.CIRCUMFLEXEQUAL | `"^="`
token.LEFTSHIFTEQUAL | `"<<="`
token.RIGHTSHIFTEQUAL | `">>="`
token.DOUBLESTAREQUAL | `"**="`
token.DOUBLESLASH | `"//"`
token.DOUBLESLASHEQUAL | `"//="`
token.AT | `"@"`
token.ATEQUAL | `"@="`
token.RARROW | `"->"`
token.ELLIPSIS | `"..."`
token.COLONEQUAL | `":="`
token.EXCLAMATION | `"!"`

The following non-token constants are provided:

token.N_TOKENS

  The number of token types defined in this module.

token.EXACT_TOKEN_TYPES

  A dictionary mapping the string representation of a token to its numeric code.

  Added in version 3.8.

Cambiato nella versione 3.5: Added `AWAIT` and `ASYNC` tokens.

Cambiato nella versione 3.7: Added `COMMENT`, `NL` and `ENCODING` tokens.

Cambiato nella versione 3.7: Removed `AWAIT` and `ASYNC` tokens. «async» and «await» are now tokenized as `NAME` tokens.

Cambiato nella versione 3.8: Added `TYPE_COMMENT`, `TYPE_IGNORE`, `COLONEQUAL`. Added `AWAIT` and `ASYNC` tokens back (they’re needed to support parsing older Python versions for `ast.parse()` with `feature_version` set to 6 or lower).

Cambiato nella versione 3.12: Added `EXCLAMATION`.

Cambiato nella versione 3.13: Removed `AWAIT` and `ASYNC` tokens again.