"fnmatch" --- Unix filename pattern matching
********************************************

**Source code:** Lib/fnmatch.py

======================================================================

This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are
*not* the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the
"re" module).  The special characters used in shell-style wildcards
are:

+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| Pattern      | Meaning                              |
|==============|======================================|
| "*"          | matches everything                   |
+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| "?"          | matches any single character         |
+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| "[seq]"      | matches any character in *seq*       |
+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| "[!seq]"     | matches any character not in *seq*   |
+--------------+--------------------------------------+

For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For
example, "'[?]'" matches the character "'?'".

Note that the filename separator ("'/'" on Unix) is *not* special to
this module.  See module "glob" for pathname expansion ("glob" uses
"filter()" to match pathname segments).  Similarly, filenames starting
with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the
"*" and "?" patterns.

Also note that "functools.lru_cache()" with the *maxsize* of 32768 is
used to cache the compiled regex patterns in the following functions:
"fnmatch()", "fnmatchcase()", "filter()".

fnmatch.fnmatch(name, pat)

   Test whether the filename string *name* matches the pattern string
   *pat*, returning "True" or "False".  Both parameters are case-
   normalized using "os.path.normcase()". "fnmatchcase()" can be used
   to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether
   that's standard for the operating system.

   This example will print all file names in the current directory
   with the extension ".txt":

      import fnmatch
      import os

      for file in os.listdir('.'):
          if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
              print(file)

fnmatch.fnmatchcase(name, pat)

   Test whether the filename string *name* matches the pattern string
   *pat*, returning "True" or "False"; the comparison is case-
   sensitive and does not apply "os.path.normcase()".

fnmatch.filter(names, pat)

   Construct a list from those elements of the *iterable* *names* that
   match pattern *pat*. It is the same as "[n for n in names if
   fnmatch(n, pat)]", but implemented more efficiently.

fnmatch.translate(pat)

   Return the shell-style pattern *pat* converted to a regular
   expression for using with "re.match()".

   Example:

   >>> import fnmatch, re
   >>>
   >>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
   >>> regex
   '(?s:.*\\.txt)\\Z'
   >>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
   >>> reobj.match('foobar.txt')
   <re.Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'>

Vedi anche:

  Module "glob"
     Unix shell-style path expansion.
