# Runners

Source code: Lib/asyncio/runners.py

This section outlines high-level asyncio primitives to run asyncio code.

They are built on top of an event loop with the aim to simplify async code usage for common wide-spread scenarios.

## Running an asyncio Program

asyncio.run(coro, *, debug=None, loop_factory=None)

  Execute coro in an asyncio event loop and return the result.

  The argument can be any awaitable object.

  This function runs the awaitable, taking care of managing the asyncio event loop, finalizing asynchronous generators, and closing the executor.

  This function cannot be called when another asyncio event loop is running in the same thread.

  If debug is `True`, the event loop will be run in debug mode. `False` disables debug mode explicitly. `None` is used to respect the global Debug Mode settings.

  If loop_factory is not `None`, it is used to create a new event loop; otherwise `asyncio.new_event_loop()` is used. The loop is closed at the end. This function should be used as a main entry point for asyncio programs, and should ideally only be called once. It is recommended to use loop_factory to configure the event loop instead of policies. Passing `asyncio.EventLoop` allows running asyncio without the policy system.

  The executor is given a timeout duration of 5 minutes to shutdown. If the executor hasn't finished within that duration, a warning is emitted and the executor is closed.

  Contoh:

      async def main():
          await asyncio.sleep(1)
          print('hello')

      asyncio.run(main())

  Added in version 3.7.

  Berubah pada versi 3.9: Updated to use `loop.shutdown_default_executor()`.

  Berubah pada versi 3.10: debug is `None` by default to respect the global debug mode settings.

  Berubah pada versi 3.12: Added loop_factory parameter.

  Berubah pada versi 3.14: coro can be any awaitable object.

  Catatan

  The `asyncio` policy system is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16; from there on, an explicit loop_factory is needed to configure the event loop.

## Runner context manager

class asyncio.Runner(*, debug=None, loop_factory=None)

  A context manager that simplifies multiple async function calls in the same context.

  Sometimes several top-level async functions should be called in the same event loop and `contextvars.Context`.

  If debug is `True`, the event loop will be run in debug mode. `False` disables debug mode explicitly. `None` is used to respect the global Debug Mode settings.

  loop_factory could be used for overriding the loop creation. It is the responsibility of the loop_factory to set the created loop as the current one. By default `asyncio.new_event_loop()` is used and set as current event loop with `asyncio.set_event_loop()` if loop_factory is `None`.

  Basically, `asyncio.run()` example can be rewritten with the runner usage:

      async def main():
          await asyncio.sleep(1)
          print('hello')

      with asyncio.Runner() as runner:
          runner.run(main())

  Added in version 3.11.

  run(coro, *, context=None)

    Execute coro in the embedded event loop.

    The argument can be any awaitable object.

    If the argument is a coroutine, it is wrapped in a Task.

    An optional keyword-only context argument allows specifying a custom `contextvars.Context` for the code to run in. The runner's default context is used if context is `None`.

    Returns the awaitable's result or raises an exception.

    This function cannot be called when another asyncio event loop is running in the same thread.

    Berubah pada versi 3.14: coro can be any awaitable object.

  close()

    Close the runner.

    Finalize asynchronous generators, shutdown default executor, close the event loop and release embedded `contextvars.Context`.

  get_loop()

    Return the event loop associated with the runner instance.

  Catatan

  `Runner` uses the lazy initialization strategy, its constructor doesn't initialize underlying low-level structures.

  Embedded loop and context are created at the `with` body entering or the first call of `run()` or `get_loop()`.

## Handling Keyboard Interruption

Added in version 3.11.

When `signal.SIGINT` is raised by `Ctrl`-`C`, `KeyboardInterrupt` exception is raised in the main thread by default. However this doesn't work with `asyncio` because it can interrupt asyncio internals and can hang the program from exiting.

To mitigate this issue, `asyncio` handles `signal.SIGINT` as follows:

1. `asyncio.Runner.run()` installs a custom `signal.SIGINT` handler before any user code is executed and removes it when exiting from the function.

2. The `Runner` creates the main task for the passed coroutine for its execution.

3. When `signal.SIGINT` is raised by `Ctrl`-`C`, the custom signal handler cancels the main task by calling `asyncio.Task.cancel()` which raises `asyncio.CancelledError` inside the main task. This causes the Python stack to unwind, `try/except` and `try/finally` blocks can be used for resource cleanup. After the main task is cancelled, `asyncio.Runner.run()` raises `KeyboardInterrupt`.

4. A user could write a tight loop which cannot be interrupted by `asyncio.Task.cancel()`, in which case the second following `Ctrl`-`C` immediately raises the `KeyboardInterrupt` without cancelling the main task.