Kerangka Program

Modul-modul yang dijelaskan dalam bab ini adalah kerangka kerja yang sebagian besar akan menentukan struktur program Anda. Saat ini modul yang dijelaskan di sini semuanya berorientasi pada penulisan antarmuka baris perintah command-line interfaces.

Daftar lengkap modul yang dijelaskan dalam bab ini adalah:

• turtle --- Turtle graphics
  • Pengenalan
  • Get started
  • Tutorial
    • Starting a turtle environment
    • Basic drawing
      • Pen control
      • The turtle's position
    • Making algorithmic patterns
  • How to...
    • Get started as quickly as possible
    • Use the turtle module namespace
    • Use turtle graphics in a script
    • Use object-oriented turtle graphics
  • Turtle graphics reference
    • Turtle methods
    • Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen
  • Methods of RawTurtle/Turtle and corresponding functions
    • Turtle motion
      • forward()
      • fd()
      • back()
      • bk()
      • backward()
      • right()
      • rt()
      • left()
      • lt()
      • goto()
      • setpos()
      • setposition()
      • teleport()
      • setx()
      • sety()
      • setheading()
      • seth()
      • home()
      • circle()
      • dot()
      • stamp()
      • clearstamp()
      • clearstamps()
      • undo()
      • speed()
    • Tell Turtle's state
      • position()
      • pos()
      • towards()
      • xcor()
      • ycor()
      • heading()
      • distance()
    • Settings for measurement
      • degrees()
      • radians()
    • Pen control
      • Drawing state
        • pendown()
        • pd()
        • down()
        • penup()
        • pu()
        • up()
        • pensize()
        • width()
        • pen()
        • isdown()
      • Color control
        • pencolor()
        • fillcolor()
        • color()
      • Filling
        • filling()
        • begin_fill()
        • end_fill()
      • More drawing control
        • reset()
        • clear()
        • write()
    • Turtle state
      • Visibility
        • hideturtle()
        • ht()
        • showturtle()
        • st()
        • isvisible()
      • Appearance
        • shape()
        • resizemode()
        • shapesize()
        • turtlesize()
        • shearfactor()
        • tilt()
        • tiltangle()
        • shapetransform()
        • get_shapepoly()
    • Using events
      • onrelease()
      • ondrag()
    • Special Turtle methods
      • begin_poly()
      • end_poly()
      • get_poly()
      • clone()
      • getturtle()
      • getpen()
      • getscreen()
      • setundobuffer()
      • undobufferentries()
    • Compound shapes
  • Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functions
    • Window control
      • bgcolor()
      • bgpic()
      • clearscreen()
      • resetscreen()
      • screensize()
      • setworldcoordinates()
    • Animation control
      • delay()
      • tracer()
      • update()
    • Using screen events
      • listen()
      • onkey()
      • onkeyrelease()
      • onkeypress()
      • onclick()
      • onscreenclick()
      • ontimer()
      • mainloop()
      • done()
    • Input methods
      • textinput()
      • numinput()
    • Settings and special methods
      • mode()
      • colormode()
      • getcanvas()
      • getshapes()
      • register_shape()
      • addshape()
      • turtles()
      • window_height()
      • window_width()
    • Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen
      • bye()
      • exitonclick()
      • save()
      • setup()
      • title()
  • Public classes
    • RawTurtle
    • RawPen
    • Turtle
    • TurtleScreen
    • Screen
    • ScrolledCanvas
    • Shape
      • addcomponent()
    • Vec2D
  • Explanation
  • Help and configuration
    • How to use help
    • Translation of docstrings into different languages
      • write_docstringdict()
    • How to configure Screen and Turtles
  • turtledemo --- Demo scripts
  • Changes since Python 2.6
  • Changes since Python 3.0
• cmd --- Support for line-oriented command interpreters
  • Cmd
  • Cmd Objects
    • cmdloop()
    • do_help()
    • onecmd()
    • emptyline()
    • default()
    • completedefault()
    • columnize()
    • precmd()
    • postcmd()
    • preloop()
    • postloop()
    • prompt
    • identchars
    • lastcmd
    • cmdqueue
    • intro
    • doc_header
    • misc_header
    • undoc_header
    • ruler
    • use_rawinput
  • Cmd Example
• shlex --- Simple lexical analysis
  • split()
  • join()
  • quote()
  • shlex
  • shlex Objects
    • get_token()
    • push_token()
    • read_token()
    • sourcehook()
    • push_source()
    • pop_source()
    • error_leader()
    • commenters
    • wordchars
    • whitespace
    • escape
    • quotes
    • escapedquotes
    • whitespace_split
    • infile
    • instream
    • source
    • debug
    • lineno
    • token
    • eof
    • punctuation_chars
  • Parsing Rules
  • Improved Compatibility with Shells