Context Variables Objects
*************************

Added in version 3.7.

Berubah pada versi 3.7.1:

Catatan:

  In Python 3.7.1 the signatures of all context variables C APIs were
  **changed** to use "PyObject" pointers instead of "PyContext",
  "PyContextVar", and "PyContextToken", e.g.:

     // in 3.7.0:
     PyContext *PyContext_New(void);

     // in 3.7.1+:
     PyObject *PyContext_New(void);

  See bpo-34762 for more details.

This section details the public C API for the "contextvars" module.

type PyContext

   The C structure used to represent a "contextvars.Context" object.

type PyContextVar

   The C structure used to represent a "contextvars.ContextVar"
   object.

type PyContextToken

   The C structure used to represent a "contextvars.Token" object.

PyTypeObject PyContext_Type

   The type object representing the *context* type.

PyTypeObject PyContextVar_Type

   The type object representing the *context variable* type.

PyTypeObject PyContextToken_Type

   The type object representing the *context variable token* type.

Type-check macros:

int PyContext_CheckExact(PyObject *o)

   Return true if *o* is of type "PyContext_Type". *o* must not be
   "NULL".  This function always succeeds.

int PyContextVar_CheckExact(PyObject *o)

   Return true if *o* is of type "PyContextVar_Type". *o* must not be
   "NULL".  This function always succeeds.

int PyContextToken_CheckExact(PyObject *o)

   Return true if *o* is of type "PyContextToken_Type". *o* must not
   be "NULL".  This function always succeeds.

Context object management functions:

PyObject *PyContext_New(void)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Create a new empty context object.  Returns "NULL" if an error has
   occurred.

PyObject *PyContext_Copy(PyObject *ctx)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Create a shallow copy of the passed *ctx* context object. Returns
   "NULL" if an error has occurred.

PyObject *PyContext_CopyCurrent(void)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Create a shallow copy of the current thread context. Returns "NULL"
   if an error has occurred.

int PyContext_Enter(PyObject *ctx)

   Set *ctx* as the current context for the current thread. Returns
   "0" on success, and "-1" on error.

int PyContext_Exit(PyObject *ctx)

   Deactivate the *ctx* context and restore the previous context as
   the current context for the current thread.  Returns "0" on
   success, and "-1" on error.

int PyContext_AddWatcher(PyContext_WatchCallback callback)

   Register *callback* as a context object watcher for the current
   interpreter. Return an ID which may be passed to
   "PyContext_ClearWatcher()". In case of error (e.g. no more watcher
   IDs available), return "-1" and set an exception.

   Added in version 3.14.

int PyContext_ClearWatcher(int watcher_id)

   Clear watcher identified by *watcher_id* previously returned from
   "PyContext_AddWatcher()" for the current interpreter. Return "0" on
   success, or "-1" and set an exception on error (e.g. if the given
   *watcher_id* was never registered.)

   Added in version 3.14.

type PyContextEvent

   Enumeration of possible context object watcher events:

   * "Py_CONTEXT_SWITCHED": The *current context* has switched to a
     different context.  The object passed to the watch callback is
     the now-current "contextvars.Context" object, or None if no
     context is current.

   Added in version 3.14.

typedef int (*PyContext_WatchCallback)(PyContextEvent event, PyObject *obj)

   Context object watcher callback function.  The object passed to the
   callback is event-specific; see "PyContextEvent" for details.

   If the callback returns with an exception set, it must return "-1";
   this exception will be printed as an unraisable exception using
   "PyErr_FormatUnraisable()". Otherwise it should return "0".

   There may already be a pending exception set on entry to the
   callback. In this case, the callback should return "0" with the
   same exception still set. This means the callback may not call any
   other API that can set an exception unless it saves and clears the
   exception state first, and restores it before returning.

   Added in version 3.14.

Context variable functions:

PyObject *PyContextVar_New(const char *name, PyObject *def)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Create a new "ContextVar" object.  The *name* parameter is used for
   introspection and debug purposes.  The *def* parameter specifies a
   default value for the context variable, or "NULL" for no default.
   If an error has occurred, this function returns "NULL".

int PyContextVar_Get(PyObject *var, PyObject *default_value, PyObject **value)

   Get the value of a context variable.  Returns "-1" if an error has
   occurred during lookup, and "0" if no error occurred, whether or
   not a value was found.

   If the context variable was found, *value* will be a pointer to it.
   If the context variable was *not* found, *value* will point to:

   * *default_value*, if not "NULL";

   * the default value of *var*, if not "NULL";

   * "NULL"

   Except for "NULL", the function returns a new reference.

PyObject *PyContextVar_Set(PyObject *var, PyObject *value)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Set the value of *var* to *value* in the current context.  Returns
   a new token object for this change, or "NULL" if an error has
   occurred.

int PyContextVar_Reset(PyObject *var, PyObject *token)

   Reset the state of the *var* context variable to that it was in
   before "PyContextVar_Set()" that returned the *token* was called.
   This function returns "0" on success and "-1" on error.
