# `glob` --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion

Kode sumber: Lib/glob.py

The `glob` module finds all the pathnames matching a specified pattern according to the rules used by the Unix shell, although results are returned in arbitrary order. No tilde expansion is done, but `*`, `?`, and character ranges expressed with `[]` will be correctly matched. This is done by using the `os.scandir()` and `fnmatch.fnmatch()` functions in concert, and not by actually invoking a subshell.

Note that files beginning with a dot (`.`) can only be matched by patterns that also start with a dot, unlike `fnmatch.fnmatch()` or `pathlib.Path.glob()`. (For tilde and shell variable expansion, use `os.path.expanduser()` and `os.path.expandvars()`.)

Untuk mencocokan literal, bungkus karakter meta dalam tanda kurung. Misalnya, `'[?]'` cocok dengan karakter `'?'`.

Lihat juga

Modul `pathlib` menawarkan objek jalur tingkat tinggi.

glob.glob(pathname, *, root_dir=None, dir_fd=None, recursive=False, include_hidden=False)

  Return a possibly empty list of path names that match pathname, which must be a string containing a path specification. pathname can be either absolute (like `/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile`) or relative (like `../../Tools/*/*.gif`), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell). Whether or not the results are sorted depends on the file system. If a file that satisfies conditions is removed or added during the call of this function, whether a path name for that file be included is unspecified.

  If root_dir is not `None`, it should be a path-like object specifying the root directory for searching. It has the same effect on `glob()` as changing the current directory before calling it. If pathname is relative, the result will contain paths relative to root_dir.

  This function can support paths relative to directory descriptors with the dir_fd parameter.

  Jika rekursif benar, pola "`**`" akan cocok dengan semua file dan nol atau lebih direktori, subdirektori, dan tautan simbolis ke direktori. Jika pola diikuti oleh `os.sep` atau `os.altsep` maka file tidak akan cocok.

  If include_hidden is true, "`**`" pattern will match hidden directories.

  Memunculkan auditing event `glob.glob` dengan argument `pathname`, `recursive`.

  Raises an auditing event `glob.glob/2` with arguments `pathname`, `recursive`, `root_dir`, `dir_fd`.

  Catatan

  Menggunakan pola "`**`" di pohon direktori yang besar dapat menghabiskan banyak waktu.

  Berubah pada versi 3.5: Dukungan untuk glob rekursif menggunakan "`**`".

  Berubah pada versi 3.10: Added the root_dir and dir_fd parameters.

  Berubah pada versi 3.11: Added the include_hidden parameter.

glob.iglob(pathname, *, root_dir=None, dir_fd=None, recursive=False, include_hidden=False)

  Mengembalikan sebuah iterator yang menghasilkan nilai yang sama dengan `glob()` tanpa benar-benar menyimpan semuanya secara bersamaan.

  Memunculkan auditing event `glob.glob` dengan argument `pathname`, `recursive`.

  Raises an auditing event `glob.glob/2` with arguments `pathname`, `recursive`, `root_dir`, `dir_fd`.

  Berubah pada versi 3.5: Dukungan untuk glob rekursif menggunakan "`**`".

  Berubah pada versi 3.10: Added the root_dir and dir_fd parameters.

  Berubah pada versi 3.11: Added the include_hidden parameter.

glob.escape(pathname)

  Escape semua karakter khusus (`'?'`, `'*'` dan `'['`). Ini berguna jika Anda ingin mencocokkan string literal arbitrer yang mungkin memiliki karakter khusus di dalamnya. Karakter khusus dalam drive/titik berbagi UNC tidak di-escape, mis. pada Windows `escape('//?/c:/Quo vadis?.txt')` mengembalikan `'//?/c:/Quo vadis[?].txt'`.

  Baru pada versi 3.4.

For example, consider a directory containing the following files: `1.gif`, `2.txt`, `card.gif` and a subdirectory `sub` which contains only the file `3.txt`. `glob()` will produce the following results. Notice how any leading components of the path are preserved.

    >>> import glob
    >>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
    ['./1.gif', './2.txt']
    >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
    ['1.gif', 'card.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('?.gif')
    ['1.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('**/*.txt', recursive=True)
    ['2.txt', 'sub/3.txt']
    >>> glob.glob('./**/', recursive=True)
    ['./', './sub/']

Jika direktori berisi file yang dimulai dengan `.` mereka tidak akan dicocokkan secara default. Misalnya, pertimbangkan direktori yang berisi `card.gif` dan `.card.gif`

    >>> import glob
    >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
    ['card.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('.c*')
    ['.card.gif']

Lihat juga

Module `fnmatch`

  Shell-style filename (not path) expansion