Memasang Modul-modul Python
***************************

Email:
   distutils-sig@python.org

Sebagai proyek pengembangan open source yang populer, Python memiliki
komunitas pendukung aktif dan pengguna yang juga membuat perangkat
lunak mereka tersedia untuk pengembang Python lain untuk digunakan di
bawah persyaratan lisensi sumber terbuka.

Hal ini memungkinkan pengguna Python untuk berbagi dan berkolaborasi
secara efektif, mendapatkan manfaat dari solusi yang telah dibuat oleh
orang lain untuk masalah umum (dan kadang-kadang bahkan langka!),
Serta berpotensi memberikan kontribusi solusi mereka sendiri ke
kumpulan umum.

Panduan ini mencakup bagian instalasi dari proses. Untuk panduan untuk
membuat dan berbagi proyek Python Anda sendiri, lihat panduan
distribusi.

Catatan:

  Untuk pengguna korporat dan institusi lainnya, sadarilah bahwa
  banyak organisasi memiliki kebijakan mereka sendiri tentang
  penggunaan dan kontribusi untuk perangkat lunak sumber terbuka.
  Harap pertimbangkan kebijakan tersebut saat menggunakan alat
  distribusi dan instalasi yang disediakan dengan Python.


Istilah utama
=============

* "pip" adalah program penginstal yang disukai. Mulai dari Python 3.4,
  disertakan secara bawaan pada *installer* biner Python.

* Sebuah *virtual environment* adalah lingkungan Python semi-
  terisolasi yang memungkinkan paket diinstal untuk digunakan oleh
  aplikasi tertentu, dibandingkan diinstal sistem luas atau global.

* "venv" is the standard tool for creating virtual environments, and
  has been part of Python since Python 3.3. Starting with Python 3.4,
  it defaults to installing "pip" into all created virtual
  environments.

* "virtualenv" is a third party alternative (and predecessor) to
  "venv". It allows virtual environments to be used on versions of
  Python prior to 3.4, which either don't provide "venv" at all, or
  aren't able to automatically install "pip" into created
  environments.

* The Python Package Index is a public repository of open source
  licensed packages made available for use by other Python users.

* the Python Packaging Authority is the group of developers and
  documentation authors responsible for the maintenance and evolution
  of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata and file
  format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation,
  and issue trackers on both GitHub and Bitbucket.

* "distutils" is the original build and distribution system first
  added to the Python standard library in 1998. While direct use of
  "distutils" is being phased out, it still laid the foundation for
  the current packaging and distribution infrastructure, and it not
  only remains part of the standard library, but its name lives on in
  other ways (such as the name of the mailing list used to coordinate
  Python packaging standards development).

Berubah pada versi 3.5: Penggunaan "venv" sekarang disarankan untuk
membuat lingkungan virtual.

Lihat juga:

  Panduan Pengguna *Python Packaging*: Pembuatan dan penggunaan
  *virtual environments*


Penggunaan dasar
================

The standard packaging tools are all designed to be used from the
command line.

The following command will install the latest version of a module and
its dependencies from the Python Package Index:

   python -m pip install SomePackage

Catatan:

  For POSIX users (including macOS and Linux users), the examples in
  this guide assume the use of a *virtual environment*.For Windows
  users, the examples in this guide assume that the option to adjust
  the system PATH environment variable was selected when installing
  Python.

It's also possible to specify an exact or minimum version directly on
the command line. When using comparator operators such as ">", "<" or
some other special character which get interpreted by shell, the
package name and the version should be enclosed within double quotes:

   python -m pip install SomePackage==1.0.4    # specific version
   python -m pip install "SomePackage>=1.0.4"  # minimum version

Normally, if a suitable module is already installed, attempting to
install it again will have no effect. Upgrading existing modules must
be requested explicitly:

   python -m pip install --upgrade SomePackage

More information and resources regarding "pip" and its capabilities
can be found in the Python Packaging User Guide.

Creation of virtual environments is done through the "venv" module.
Installing packages into an active virtual environment uses the
commands shown above.

Lihat juga:

  Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Python Distribution Packages


Bagaimana saya ...?
===================

Ini adalah jawaban cepat atau tautan untuk beberapa tugas umum.


... install "pip" in versions of Python prior to Python 3.4?
------------------------------------------------------------

Python only started bundling "pip" with Python 3.4. For earlier
versions, "pip" needs to be "bootstrapped" as described in the Python
Packaging User Guide.

Lihat juga:

  Python Packaging User Guide: Requirements for Installing Packages


... install packages just for the current user?
-----------------------------------------------

Passing the "--user" option to "python -m pip install" will install a
package just for the current user, rather than for all users of the
system.


... memasang paket-paket Python saintifik?
------------------------------------------

A number of scientific Python packages have complex binary
dependencies, and aren't currently easy to install using "pip"
directly. At this point in time, it will often be easier for users to
install these packages by other means rather than attempting to
install them with "pip".

Lihat juga:

  Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Scientific Packages


... work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel?
----------------------------------------------------------------

On Linux, macOS, and other POSIX systems, use the versioned Python
commands in combination with the "-m" switch to run the appropriate
copy of "pip":

   python2   -m pip install SomePackage  # default Python 2
   python2.7 -m pip install SomePackage  # specifically Python 2.7
   python3   -m pip install SomePackage  # default Python 3
   python3.4 -m pip install SomePackage  # specifically Python 3.4

Appropriately versioned "pip" commands may also be available.

On Windows, use the "py" Python launcher in combination with the "-m"
switch:

   py -2   -m pip install SomePackage  # default Python 2
   py -2.7 -m pip install SomePackage  # specifically Python 2.7
   py -3   -m pip install SomePackage  # default Python 3
   py -3.4 -m pip install SomePackage  # specifically Python 3.4


Permasalahan umum pemasangan
============================


Installing into the system Python on Linux
------------------------------------------

On Linux systems, a Python installation will typically be included as
part of the distribution. Installing into this Python installation
requires root access to the system, and may interfere with the
operation of the system package manager and other components of the
system if a component is unexpectedly upgraded using "pip".

On such systems, it is often better to use a virtual environment or a
per-user installation when installing packages with "pip".


Pip tidak terpasang
-------------------

It is possible that "pip" does not get installed by default. One
potential fix is:

   python -m ensurepip --default-pip

There are also additional resources for installing pip.


Memasang ekstensi biner
-----------------------

Python has typically relied heavily on source based distribution, with
end users being expected to compile extension modules from source as
part of the installation process.

With the introduction of support for the binary "wheel" format, and
the ability to publish wheels for at least Windows and macOS through
the Python Package Index, this problem is expected to diminish over
time, as users are more regularly able to install pre-built extensions
rather than needing to build them themselves.

Some of the solutions for installing scientific software that are not
yet available as pre-built "wheel" files may also help with obtaining
other binary extensions without needing to build them locally.

Lihat juga: Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions
