Pustaka Standar Python
**********************

Sementara Referensi Bahasa Python menjelaskan sintaks dan semantik
bahasa Python yang tepat, manual referensi pustaka ini menggambarkan
pustaka standar yang didistribusikan dengan Python. Ini juga
menjelaskan beberapa komponen opsional yang biasanya termasuk dalam
distribusi Python.

Perpustakaan standar Python sangat luas, menawarkan berbagai fasilitas
seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh daftar isi yang tercantum di bawah ini.
Pustaka berisi modul bawaan (ditulis dalam C) yang menyediakan akses
ke fungsionalitas sistem seperti file I/O yang seharusnya tidak dapat
diakses oleh programmer Python, serta modul yang ditulis dengan Python
yang menyediakan solusi standar untuk banyak masalah yang terjadi pada
pemrograman sehari-hari. Beberapa modul ini dirancang secara eksplisit
untuk mendorong dan meningkatkan portabilitas program Python dengan
mengabstraksi spesifik platform menjadi API platform-netral.

Pemasang Python untuk platform Windows biasanya menyertakan seluruh
pustaka standar dan sering juga menyertakan banyak komponen tambahan.
Untuk sistem operasi mirip Unix, Python biasanya disediakan sebagai
kumpulan paket, jadi mungkin perlu menggunakan alat pengemasan yang
disediakan dengan sistem operasi untuk mendapatkan beberapa atau semua
komponen opsional.

Selain pustaka standar, ada koleksi berkembang beberapa ribu komponen
(dari program individu dan modul ke paket dan seluruh kerangka kerja
pengembangan aplikasi), tersedia dari Python Package Index.

* 1. Pengenalan

* 2. Fungsi Bawaan

* 3. Non-essential Built-in Functions

* 4. Konstanta Bawaan

  * 4.1. Konstanta yang ditambahkan oleh modul "site"

* 5. Tipe Bawaan

  * 5.1. Pengujian Kebenaran Nilai

  * 5.2. Boolean Operations --- "and", "or", "not"

  * 5.3. Perbandingan

  * 5.4. Numeric Types --- "int", "float", "long", "complex"

  * 5.5. Iterator Types

  * 5.6. Sequence Types --- "str", "unicode", "list", "tuple",
    "bytearray", "buffer", "xrange"

  * 5.7. Set Types --- "set", "frozenset"

  * 5.8. Mapping Types --- "dict"

  * 5.9. File Objects

  * 5.10. memoryview type

  * 5.11. Context Manager Types

  * 5.12. Other Built-in Types

  * 5.13. Atribut Spesial

* 6. Built-in Exceptions

  * 6.1. Exception hierarchy

* 7. String Services

  * 7.1. "string" --- Common string operations

  * 7.2. "re" --- Regular expression operations

  * 7.3. "struct" --- Interpret strings as packed binary data

  * 7.4. "difflib" --- Helpers for computing deltas

  * 7.5. "StringIO" --- Read and write strings as files

  * 7.6. "cStringIO" --- Faster version of "StringIO"

  * 7.7. "textwrap" --- Text wrapping and filling

  * 7.8. "codecs" --- Codec registry and base classes

  * 7.9. "unicodedata" --- Unicode Database

  * 7.10. "stringprep" --- Internet String Preparation

  * 7.11. "fpformat" --- Floating point conversions

* 8. Tipe Data

  * 8.1. "datetime" --- Basic date and time types

  * 8.2. "calendar" --- General calendar-related functions

  * 8.3. "collections" --- High-performance container datatypes

  * 8.4. "heapq" --- Heap queue algorithm

  * 8.5. "bisect" --- Array bisection algorithm

  * 8.6. "array" --- Efficient arrays of numeric values

  * 8.7. "sets" --- Unordered collections of unique elements

  * 8.8. "sched" --- Event scheduler

  * 8.9. "mutex" --- Mutual exclusion support

  * 8.10. "Queue" --- A synchronized queue class

  * 8.11. "weakref" --- Weak references

  * 8.12. "UserDict" --- Class wrapper for dictionary objects

  * 8.13. "UserList" --- Class wrapper for list objects

  * 8.14. "UserString" --- Class wrapper for string objects

  * 8.15. "types" --- Names for built-in types

  * 8.16. "new" --- Creation of runtime internal objects

  * 8.17. "copy" --- Shallow and deep copy operations

  * 8.18. "pprint" --- Data pretty printer

  * 8.19. "repr" --- Alternate "repr()" implementation

* 9. Modul Numerik dan Matematika

  * 9.1. "numbers" --- Numeric abstract base classes

  * 9.2. "math" --- Mathematical functions

  * 9.3. "cmath" --- Mathematical functions for complex numbers

  * 9.4. "decimal" --- Decimal fixed point and floating point
    arithmetic

  * 9.5. "fractions" --- Rational numbers

  * 9.6. "random" --- Generate pseudo-random numbers

  * 9.7. "itertools" --- Functions creating iterators for efficient
    looping

  * 9.8. "functools" --- Higher-order functions and operations on
    callable objects

  * 9.9. "operator" --- Standard operators as functions

* 10. File and Directory Access

  * 10.1. "os.path" --- Common pathname manipulations

  * 10.2. "fileinput" --- Iterate over lines from multiple input
    streams

  * 10.3. "stat" --- Interpreting "stat()" results

  * 10.4. "statvfs" --- Constants used with "os.statvfs()"

  * 10.5. "filecmp" --- File and Directory Comparisons

  * 10.6. "tempfile" --- Generate temporary files and directories

  * 10.7. "glob" --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion

  * 10.8. "fnmatch" --- Unix filename pattern matching

  * 10.9. "linecache" --- Random access to text lines

  * 10.10. "shutil" --- High-level file operations

  * 10.11. "dircache" --- Cached directory listings

  * 10.12. "macpath" --- Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions

* 11. Persistensi Data

  * 11.1. "pickle" --- Python object serialization

  * 11.2. "cPickle" --- A faster "pickle"

  * 11.3. "copy_reg" --- Register "pickle" support functions

  * 11.4. "shelve" --- Python object persistence

  * 11.5. "marshal" --- Internal Python object serialization

  * 11.6. "anydbm" --- Generic access to DBM-style databases

  * 11.7. "whichdb" --- Guess which DBM module created a database

  * 11.8. "dbm" --- Simple "database" interface

  * 11.9. "gdbm" --- GNU's reinterpretation of dbm

  * 11.10. "dbhash" --- DBM-style interface to the BSD database
    library

  * 11.11. "bsddb" --- Interface to Berkeley DB library

  * 11.12. "dumbdbm" --- Portable DBM implementation

  * 11.13. "sqlite3" --- DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases

* 12. Kompresi Data dan Pengarsipan

  * 12.1. "zlib" --- Compression compatible with **gzip**

  * 12.2. "gzip" --- Support for **gzip** files

  * 12.3. "bz2" --- Compression compatible with **bzip2**

  * 12.4. "zipfile" --- Work with ZIP archives

  * 12.5. "tarfile" --- Read and write tar archive files

* 13. File Formats

  * 13.1. "csv" --- CSV File Reading and Writing

  * 13.2. "ConfigParser" --- Configuration file parser

  * 13.3. "robotparser" ---  Parser for robots.txt

  * 13.4. "netrc" --- netrc file processing

  * 13.5. "xdrlib" --- Encode and decode XDR data

  * 13.6. "plistlib" --- Generate and parse Mac OS X ".plist" files

* 14. Cryptographic Services

  * 14.1. "hashlib" --- Secure hashes and message digests

  * 14.2. "hmac" --- Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication

  * 14.3. "md5" --- MD5 message digest algorithm

  * 14.4. "sha" --- SHA-1 message digest algorithm

* 15. Layanan Sistem Operasi Generik

  * 15.1. "os" --- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces

  * 15.2. "io" --- Core tools for working with streams

  * 15.3. "time" --- Akses waktu dan konversi

  * 15.4. "argparse" --- Parser for command-line options, arguments
    and sub-commands

  * 15.5. "optparse" --- Parser for command line options

  * 15.6. "getopt" --- C-style parser for command line options

  * 15.7. "logging" --- Logging facility for Python

  * 15.8. "logging.config" --- Logging configuration

  * 15.9. "logging.handlers" --- Logging handlers

  * 15.10. "getpass" --- Portable password input

  * 15.11. "curses" --- Terminal handling for character-cell
    displays

  * 15.12. "curses.textpad" --- Text input widget for curses
    programs

  * 15.13. "curses.ascii" --- Utilities for ASCII characters

  * 15.14. "curses.panel" --- A panel stack extension for curses

  * 15.15. "platform" ---  Access to underlying platform's
    identifying data

  * 15.16. "errno" --- Standard errno system symbols

  * 15.17. "ctypes" --- A foreign function library for Python

* 16. Optional Operating System Services

  * 16.1. "select" --- Waiting for I/O completion

  * 16.2. "threading" --- Higher-level threading interface

  * 16.3. "thread" --- Multiple threads of control

  * 16.4. "dummy_threading" --- Drop-in replacement for the
    "threading" module

  * 16.5. "dummy_thread" --- Drop-in replacement for the "thread"
    module

  * 16.6. "multiprocessing" --- Process-based "threading" interface

  * 16.7. "mmap" --- Memory-mapped file support

  * 16.8. "readline" --- GNU readline interface

  * 16.9. "rlcompleter" --- Completion function for GNU readline

* 17. Interprocess Communication and Networking

  * 17.1. "subprocess" --- Subprocess management

  * 17.2. "socket" --- Low-level networking interface

  * 17.3. "ssl" --- TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects

  * 17.4. "signal" --- Set handlers for asynchronous events

  * 17.5. "popen2" --- Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams

  * 17.6. "asyncore" --- Asynchronous socket handler

  * 17.7. "asynchat" --- Asynchronous socket command/response
    handler

* 18. Penanganan Data Internet

  * 18.1. "email" --- An email and MIME handling package

  * 18.2. "json" --- JSON encoder and decoder

  * 18.3. "mailcap" --- Mailcap file handling

  * 18.4. "mailbox" --- Manipulate mailboxes in various formats

  * 18.5. "mhlib" --- Access to MH mailboxes

  * 18.6. "mimetools" --- Tools for parsing MIME messages

  * 18.7. "mimetypes" --- Map filenames to MIME types

  * 18.8. "MimeWriter" --- Generic MIME file writer

  * 18.9. "mimify" --- MIME processing of mail messages

  * 18.10. "multifile" --- Support for files containing distinct
    parts

  * 18.11. "rfc822" --- Parse RFC 2822 mail headers

  * 18.12. "base64" --- RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data
    Encodings

  * 18.13. "binhex" --- Encode and decode binhex4 files

  * 18.14. "binascii" --- Convert between binary and ASCII

  * 18.15. "quopri" --- Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data

  * 18.16. "uu" --- Encode and decode uuencode files

* 19. Structured Markup Processing Tools

  * 19.1. "HTMLParser" --- Simple HTML and XHTML parser

  * 19.2. "sgmllib" --- Simple SGML parser

  * 19.3. "htmllib" --- A parser for HTML documents

  * 19.4. "htmlentitydefs" --- Definitions of HTML general entities

  * 19.5. XML Processing Modules

  * 19.6. XML vulnerabilities

  * 19.7. "xml.etree.ElementTree" --- The ElementTree XML API

  * 19.8. "xml.dom" --- The Document Object Model API

  * 19.9. "xml.dom.minidom" --- Minimal DOM implementation

  * 19.10. "xml.dom.pulldom" --- Support for building partial DOM
    trees

  * 19.11. "xml.sax" --- Support for SAX2 parsers

  * 19.12. "xml.sax.handler" --- Base classes for SAX handlers

  * 19.13. "xml.sax.saxutils" --- SAX Utilities

  * 19.14. "xml.sax.xmlreader" --- Interface for XML parsers

  * 19.15. "xml.parsers.expat" --- Fast XML parsing using Expat

* 20. Protokol Internet dan Dukungan

  * 20.1. "webbrowser" --- Convenient Web-browser controller

  * 20.2. "cgi" --- Common Gateway Interface support

  * 20.3. "cgitb" --- Traceback manager for CGI scripts

  * 20.4. "wsgiref" --- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation

  * 20.5. "urllib" --- Open arbitrary resources by URL

  * 20.6. "urllib2" --- extensible library for opening URLs

  * 20.7. "httplib" --- HTTP protocol client

  * 20.8. "ftplib" --- FTP protocol client

  * 20.9. "poplib" --- POP3 protocol client

  * 20.10. "imaplib" --- IMAP4 protocol client

  * 20.11. "nntplib" --- NNTP protocol client

  * 20.12. "smtplib" --- SMTP protocol client

  * 20.13. "smtpd" --- SMTP Server

  * 20.14. "telnetlib" --- Telnet client

  * 20.15. "uuid" --- UUID objects according to RFC 4122

  * 20.16. "urlparse" --- Parse URLs into components

  * 20.17. "SocketServer" --- A framework for network servers

  * 20.18. "BaseHTTPServer" --- Basic HTTP server

  * 20.19. "SimpleHTTPServer" --- Simple HTTP request handler

  * 20.20. "CGIHTTPServer" --- CGI-capable HTTP request handler

  * 20.21. "cookielib" --- Cookie handling for HTTP clients

  * 20.22. "Cookie" --- HTTP state management

  * 20.23. "xmlrpclib" --- XML-RPC client access

  * 20.24. "SimpleXMLRPCServer" --- Basic XML-RPC server

  * 20.25. "DocXMLRPCServer" --- Self-documenting XML-RPC server

* 21. Layanan Multimedia

  * 21.1. "audioop" --- Manipulate raw audio data

  * 21.2. "imageop" --- Manipulate raw image data

  * 21.3. "aifc" --- Read and write AIFF and AIFC files

  * 21.4. "sunau" --- Read and write Sun AU files

  * 21.5. "wave" --- Read and write WAV files

  * 21.6. "chunk" --- Read IFF chunked data

  * 21.7. "colorsys" --- Conversions between color systems

  * 21.8. "imghdr" --- Determine the type of an image

  * 21.9. "sndhdr" --- Determine type of sound file

  * 21.10. "ossaudiodev" --- Access to OSS-compatible audio devices

* 22. Internasionalisasi

  * 22.1. "gettext" --- Multilingual internationalization services

  * 22.2. "locale" --- Internationalization services

* 23. Kerangka Program

  * 23.1. "cmd" --- Support for line-oriented command interpreters

  * 23.2. "shlex" --- Simple lexical analysis

* 24. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk

  * 24.1. "Tkinter" --- Python interface to Tcl/Tk

  * 24.2. "ttk" --- Tk themed widgets

  * 24.3. "Tix" --- Extension widgets for Tk

  * 24.4. "ScrolledText" --- Scrolled Text Widget

  * 24.5. "turtle" --- Turtle graphics for Tk

  * 24.6. IDLE

  * 24.7. Other Graphical User Interface Packages

* 25. Development Tools

  * 25.1. "pydoc" --- Documentation generator and online help system

  * 25.2. "doctest" --- Test interactive Python examples

  * 25.3. "unittest" --- Unit testing framework

  * 25.4. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation

  * 25.5. "test" --- Regression tests package for Python

  * 25.6. "test.support" --- Utility functions for tests

* 26. Debugging and Profiling

  * 26.1. "bdb" --- Debugger framework

  * 26.2. "pdb" --- The Python Debugger

  * 26.3. Debugger Commands

  * 26.4. The Python Profilers

  * 26.5. "hotshot" --- High performance logging profiler

  * 26.6. "timeit" --- Measure execution time of small code snippets

  * 26.7. "trace" --- Trace or track Python statement execution

* 27. Software Packaging and Distribution

  * 27.1. "distutils" --- Building and installing Python modules

  * 27.2. "ensurepip" --- Bootstrapping the "pip" installer

* 28. Layanan Runtime Python

  * 28.1. "sys" --- System-specific parameters and functions

  * 28.2. "sysconfig" --- Provide access to Python's configuration
    information

  * 28.3. "__builtin__" --- Built-in objects

  * 28.4. "future_builtins" --- Python 3 builtins

  * 28.5. "__main__" --- Lingkungan skrip tingkat atas

  * 28.6. "warnings" --- Warning control

  * 28.7. "contextlib" --- Utilities for "with"-statement contexts

  * 28.8. "abc" --- Abstract Base Classes

  * 28.9. "atexit" --- Exit handlers

  * 28.10. "traceback" --- Print or retrieve a stack traceback

  * 28.11. "__future__" --- Future statement definitions

  * 28.12. "gc" --- Garbage Collector interface

  * 28.13. "inspect" --- Inspect live objects

  * 28.14. "site" --- Site-specific configuration hook

  * 28.15. "user" --- User-specific configuration hook

  * 28.16. "fpectl" --- Floating point exception control

* 29. Ubahsuaian Interpreter Python

  * 29.1. "code" --- Interpreter base classes

  * 29.2. "codeop" --- Compile Python code

* 30. Restricted Execution

  * 30.1. "rexec" --- Restricted execution framework

  * 30.2. "Bastion" --- Restricting access to objects

* 31. Mengimpor Modul

  * 31.1. "imp" --- Access the "import" internals

  * 31.2. "importlib" --- Convenience wrappers for "__import__()"

  * 31.3. "imputil" --- Import utilities

  * 31.4. "zipimport" --- Import modules from Zip archives

  * 31.5. "pkgutil" --- Package extension utility

  * 31.6. "modulefinder" --- Find modules used by a script

  * 31.7. "runpy" --- Locating and executing Python modules

* 32. Layanan Bahasa Python

  * 32.1. "parser" --- Access Python parse trees

  * 32.2. "ast" --- Abstract Syntax Trees

  * 32.3. "symtable" --- Access to the compiler's symbol tables

  * 32.4. "symbol" --- Constants used with Python parse trees

  * 32.5. "token" --- Constants used with Python parse trees

  * 32.6. "keyword" --- Pengujian untuk kata kunci Python

  * 32.7. "tokenize" --- Tokenizer for Python source

  * 32.8. "tabnanny" --- Detection of ambiguous indentation

  * 32.9. "pyclbr" --- Python class browser support

  * 32.10. "py_compile" --- Compile Python source files

  * 32.11. "compileall" --- Byte-compile Python libraries

  * 32.12. "dis" --- Disassembler for Python bytecode

  * 32.13. "pickletools" --- Tools for pickle developers

* 33. Python compiler package

  * 33.1. The basic interface

  * 33.2. Limitations

  * 33.3. Python Abstract Syntax

  * 33.4. Using Visitors to Walk ASTs

  * 33.5. Bytecode Generation

* 34. Miscellaneous Services

  * 34.1. "formatter" --- Generic output formatting

* 35. MS Windows Specific Services

  * 35.1. "msilib" --- Read and write Microsoft Installer files

  * 35.2. "msvcrt" --- Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime

  * 35.3. "_winreg" --- Windows registry access

  * 35.4. "winsound" --- Sound-playing interface for Windows

* 36. Layanan Khusus Unix

  * 36.1. "posix" --- The most common POSIX system calls

  * 36.2. "pwd" --- The password database

  * 36.3. "spwd" --- The shadow password database

  * 36.4. "grp" --- The group database

  * 36.5. "crypt" --- Function to check Unix passwords

  * 36.6. "dl" --- Call C functions in shared objects

  * 36.7. "termios" --- POSIX style tty control

  * 36.8. "tty" --- Terminal control functions

  * 36.9. "pty" --- Pseudo-terminal utilities

  * 36.10. "fcntl" --- The "fcntl" and "ioctl" system calls

  * 36.11. "pipes" --- Interface to shell pipelines

  * 36.12. "posixfile" --- File-like objects with locking support

  * 36.13. "resource" --- Resource usage information

  * 36.14. "nis" --- Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages)

  * 36.15. "syslog" --- Unix syslog library routines

  * 36.16. "commands" --- Utilities for running commands

* 37. Mac OS X specific services

  * 37.1. "ic" --- Access to the Mac OS X Internet Config

  * 37.2. "MacOS" --- Access to Mac OS interpreter features

  * 37.3. "macostools" --- Convenience routines for file
    manipulation

  * 37.4. "findertools" --- The **finder**'s Apple Events interface

  * 37.5. "EasyDialogs" --- Basic Macintosh dialogs

  * 37.6. "FrameWork" --- Interactive application framework

  * 37.7. "autoGIL" --- Global Interpreter Lock handling in event
    loops

  * 37.8. Mac OS Toolbox Modules

  * 37.9. "ColorPicker" --- Color selection dialog

* 38. MacPython OSA Modules

  * 38.1. "gensuitemodule" --- Generate OSA stub packages

  * 38.2. "aetools" --- OSA client support

  * 38.3. "aepack" --- Conversion between Python variables and
    AppleEvent data containers

  * 38.4. "aetypes" --- AppleEvent objects

  * 38.5. "MiniAEFrame" --- Open Scripting Architecture server
    support

* 39. SGI IRIX Specific Services

  * 39.1. "al" --- Audio functions on the SGI

  * 39.2. "AL" --- Constants used with the "al" module

  * 39.3. "cd" --- CD-ROM access on SGI systems

  * 39.4. "fl" --- FORMS library for graphical user interfaces

  * 39.5. "FL" --- Constants used with the "fl" module

  * 39.6. "flp" --- Functions for loading stored FORMS designs

  * 39.7. "fm" --- *Font Manager* interface

  * 39.8. "gl" --- *Graphics Library* interface

  * 39.9. "DEVICE" --- Constants used with the "gl" module

  * 39.10. "GL" --- Constants used with the "gl" module

  * 39.11. "imgfile" --- Support for SGI imglib files

  * 39.12. "jpeg" --- Read and write JPEG files

* 40. SunOS Specific Services

  * 40.1. "sunaudiodev" --- Access to Sun audio hardware

  * 40.2. "SUNAUDIODEV" --- Constants used with "sunaudiodev"

* 41. Undocumented Modules

  * 41.1. Miscellaneous useful utilities

  * 41.2. Platform specific modules

  * 41.3. Multimedia

  * 41.4. Undocumented Mac OS modules

  * 41.5. Obsolete

  * 41.6. SGI-specific Extension modules
