Interpreter initialization and finalization
*******************************************

See Python Initialization Configuration for details on how to
configure the interpreter prior to initialization.


Before Python initialization
============================

In an application embedding Python, the "Py_Initialize()" function
must be called before using any other Python/C API functions; with the
exception of a few functions and the global configuration variables.

The following functions can be safely called before Python is
initialized:

* Functions that initialize the interpreter:

  * "Py_Initialize()"

  * "Py_InitializeEx()"

  * "Py_InitializeFromConfig()"

  * "Py_BytesMain()"

  * "Py_Main()"

  * the runtime pre-initialization functions covered in Python
    Initialization Configuration

* Configuration functions:

  * "PyImport_AppendInittab()"

  * "PyImport_ExtendInittab()"

  * "PyInitFrozenExtensions()"

  * "PyMem_SetAllocator()"

  * "PyMem_SetupDebugHooks()"

  * "PyObject_SetArenaAllocator()"

  * "Py_SetProgramName()"

  * "Py_SetPythonHome()"

  * the configuration functions covered in Python Initialization
    Configuration

* Informative functions:

  * "Py_IsInitialized()"

  * "PyMem_GetAllocator()"

  * "PyObject_GetArenaAllocator()"

  * "Py_GetBuildInfo()"

  * "Py_GetCompiler()"

  * "Py_GetCopyright()"

  * "Py_GetPlatform()"

  * "Py_GetVersion()"

  * "Py_IsInitialized()"

* Utilities:

  * "Py_DecodeLocale()"

  * the status reporting and utility functions covered in Python
    Initialization Configuration

* Memory allocators:

  * "PyMem_RawMalloc()"

  * "PyMem_RawRealloc()"

  * "PyMem_RawCalloc()"

  * "PyMem_RawFree()"

* Synchronization:

  * "PyMutex_Lock()"

  * "PyMutex_Unlock()"

Note:

  Despite their apparent similarity to some of the functions listed
  above, the following functions **should not be called** before the
  interpreter has been initialized: "Py_EncodeLocale()",
  "PyEval_InitThreads()", and "Py_RunMain()".


Global configuration variables
==============================

Python has variables for the global configuration to control different
features and options. By default, these flags are controlled by
command line options.

When a flag is set by an option, the value of the flag is the number
of times that the option was set. For example, "-b" sets
"Py_BytesWarningFlag" to 1 and "-bb" sets "Py_BytesWarningFlag" to 2.

int Py_BytesWarningFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.bytes_warning" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Issue a warning when comparing "bytes" or "bytearray" with "str" or
   "bytes" with "int".  Issue an error if greater or equal to "2".

   Set by the "-b" option.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_DebugFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.parser_debug" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Turn on parser debugging output (for expert only, depending on
   compilation options).

   Set by the "-d" option and the "PYTHONDEBUG" environment variable.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.write_bytecode" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   If set to non-zero, Python won't try to write ".pyc" files on the
   import of source modules.

   Set by the "-B" option and the "PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE"
   environment variable.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_FrozenFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Private flag used by "_freeze_module" and "frozenmain" programs.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_HashRandomizationFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.hash_seed" and "PyConfig.use_hash_seed" should be used
   instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

   Set to "1" if the "PYTHONHASHSEED" environment variable is set to a
   non-empty string.

   If the flag is non-zero, read the "PYTHONHASHSEED" environment
   variable to initialize the secret hash seed.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.use_environment" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Ignore all "PYTHON*" environment variables, e.g. "PYTHONPATH" and
   "PYTHONHOME", that might be set.

   Set by the "-E" and "-I" options.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_InspectFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.inspect" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   When a script is passed as first argument or the "-c" option is
   used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the
   command, even when "sys.stdin" does not appear to be a terminal.

   Set by the "-i" option and the "PYTHONINSPECT" environment
   variable.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_InteractiveFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.interactive" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Set by the "-i" option.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_IsolatedFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.isolated" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Run Python in isolated mode. In isolated mode "sys.path" contains
   neither the script's directory nor the user's site-packages
   directory.

   Set by the "-I" option.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.4.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding" should be used instead,
   see Python Initialization Configuration.

   If the flag is non-zero, use the "mbcs" encoding with "replace"
   error handler, instead of the UTF-8 encoding with "surrogatepass"
   error handler, for the *filesystem encoding and error handler*.

   Set to "1" if the "PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING" environment
   variable is set to a non-empty string.

   See **PEP 529** for more details.

   Disponibilité: Windows.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   If the flag is non-zero, use "io.FileIO" instead of
   "io._WindowsConsoleIO" for "sys" standard streams.

   Set to "1" if the "PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO" environment variable
   is set to a non-empty string.

   See **PEP 528** for more details.

   Disponibilité: Windows.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_NoSiteFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.site_import" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Disable the import of the module "site" and the site-dependent
   manipulations of "sys.path" that it entails.  Also disable these
   manipulations if "site" is explicitly imported later (call
   "site.main()" if you want them to be triggered).

   Set by the "-S" option.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_NoUserSiteDirectory

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.user_site_directory" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Don't add the "user site-packages directory" to "sys.path".

   Set by the "-s" and "-I" options, and the "PYTHONNOUSERSITE"
   environment variable.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_OptimizeFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.optimization_level" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Set by the "-O" option and the "PYTHONOPTIMIZE" environment
   variable.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_QuietFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.quiet" should be used instead, see Python Initialization
   Configuration.

   Don't display the copyright and version messages even in
   interactive mode.

   Set by the "-q" option.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.2.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.buffered_stdio" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Force the stdout and stderr streams to be unbuffered.

   Set by the "-u" option and the "PYTHONUNBUFFERED" environment
   variable.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.

int Py_VerboseFlag

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.verbose" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the
   place (filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded.  If
   greater or equal to "2", print a message for each file that is
   checked for when searching for a module. Also provides information
   on module cleanup at exit.

   Set by the "-v" option and the "PYTHONVERBOSE" environment
   variable.

   Deprecated since version 3.12, removed in version 3.15.


Initializing and finalizing the interpreter
===========================================

void Py_Initialize()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   Initialize the Python interpreter.  In an application embedding
   Python, this should be called before using any other Python/C API
   functions; see Before Python Initialization for the few exceptions.

   This initializes the table of loaded modules ("sys.modules"), and
   creates the fundamental modules "builtins", "__main__" and "sys".
   It also initializes the module search path ("sys.path"). It does
   not set "sys.argv"; use the Python Initialization Configuration API
   for that. This is a no-op when called for a second time (without
   calling "Py_FinalizeEx()" first).  There is no return value; it is
   a fatal error if the initialization fails.

   Use "Py_InitializeFromConfig()" to customize the Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   Note:

     On Windows, changes the console mode from "O_TEXT" to "O_BINARY",
     which will also affect non-Python uses of the console using the C
     Runtime.

void Py_InitializeEx(int initsigs)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   This function works like "Py_Initialize()" if *initsigs* is "1". If
   *initsigs* is "0", it skips initialization registration of signal
   handlers, which may be useful when CPython is embedded as part of a
   larger application.

   Use "Py_InitializeFromConfig()" to customize the Python
   Initialization Configuration.

PyStatus Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig *config)

   Initialize Python from *config* configuration, as described in
   Initialization with PyConfig.

   See the Python Initialization Configuration section for details on
   pre-initializing the interpreter, populating the runtime
   configuration structure, and querying the returned status
   structure.

int Py_IsInitialized()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   Return true (nonzero) when the Python interpreter has been
   initialized, false (zero) if not.  After "Py_FinalizeEx()" is
   called, this returns false until "Py_Initialize()" is called again.

   Modifié dans la version 3.15: This function no longer returns true
   until initialization has fully completed, including import of the
   "site" module.  Previously it could return true while
   "Py_Initialize()" was still running.

int Py_IsFinalizing()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable depuis la version 3.13.*

   Return true (non-zero) if the main Python interpreter is *shutting
   down*. Return false (zero) otherwise.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.13.

int Py_FinalizeEx()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable depuis la version 3.6.*

   Undo all initializations made by "Py_Initialize()" and subsequent
   use of Python/C API functions, and destroy all sub-interpreters
   (see "Py_NewInterpreter()" below) that were created and not yet
   destroyed since the last call to "Py_Initialize()".  This is a no-
   op when called for a second time (without calling "Py_Initialize()"
   again first).

   Since this is the reverse of "Py_Initialize()", it should be called
   in the same thread with the same interpreter active.  That means
   the main thread and the main interpreter. This should never be
   called while "Py_RunMain()" is running.

   Normally the return value is "0". If there were errors during
   finalization (flushing buffered data), "-1" is returned.

   Note that Python will do a best effort at freeing all memory
   allocated by the Python interpreter.  Therefore, any C-Extension
   should make sure to correctly clean up all of the previously
   allocated PyObjects before using them in subsequent calls to
   "Py_Initialize()".  Otherwise it could introduce vulnerabilities
   and incorrect behavior.

   This function is provided for a number of reasons.  An embedding
   application might want to restart Python without having to restart
   the application itself. An application that has loaded the Python
   interpreter from a dynamically loadable library (or DLL) might want
   to free all memory allocated by Python before unloading the DLL.
   During a hunt for memory leaks in an application a developer might
   want to free all memory allocated by Python before exiting from the
   application.

   **Bugs and caveats:** The destruction of modules and objects in
   modules is done in random order; this may cause destructors
   ("__del__()" methods) to fail when they depend on other objects
   (even functions) or modules.  Dynamically loaded extension modules
   loaded by Python are not unloaded.  Small amounts of memory
   allocated by the Python interpreter may not be freed (if you find a
   leak, please report it).  Memory tied up in circular references
   between objects is not freed.  Interned strings will all be
   deallocated regardless of their reference count. Some memory
   allocated by extension modules may not be freed.  Some extensions
   may not work properly if their initialization routine is called
   more than once; this can happen if an application calls
   "Py_Initialize()" and "Py_FinalizeEx()" more than once.
   "Py_FinalizeEx()" must not be called recursively from within
   itself.  Therefore, it must not be called by any code that may be
   run as part of the interpreter shutdown process, such as "atexit"
   handlers, object finalizers, or any code that may be run while
   flushing the stdout and stderr files.

   Raises an auditing event "cpython._PySys_ClearAuditHooks" with no
   arguments.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

void Py_Finalize()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   This is a backwards-compatible version of "Py_FinalizeEx()" that
   disregards the return value.

int Py_BytesMain(int argc, char **argv)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable depuis la version 3.8.*

   Similar to "Py_Main()" but *argv* is an array of bytes strings,
   allowing the calling application to delegate the text decoding step
   to the CPython runtime.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

int Py_Main(int argc, wchar_t **argv)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   The main program for the standard interpreter, encapsulating a full
   initialization/finalization cycle, as well as additional behaviour
   to implement reading configurations settings from the environment
   and command line, and then executing "__main__" in accordance with
   Ligne de commande.

   This is made available for programs which wish to support the full
   CPython command line interface, rather than just embedding a Python
   runtime in a larger application.

   The *argc* and *argv* parameters are similar to those which are
   passed to a C program's "main()" function, except that the *argv*
   entries are first converted to "wchar_t" using "Py_DecodeLocale()".
   It is also important to note that the argument list entries may be
   modified to point to strings other than those passed in (however,
   the contents of the strings pointed to by the argument list are not
   modified).

   The return value is "2" if the argument list does not represent a
   valid Python command line, and otherwise the same as
   "Py_RunMain()".

   In terms of the CPython runtime configuration APIs documented in
   the runtime configuration section (and without accounting for error
   handling), "Py_Main" is approximately equivalent to:

      PyConfig config;
      PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
      PyConfig_SetArgv(&config, argc, argv);
      Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
      PyConfig_Clear(&config);

      Py_RunMain();

   In normal usage, an embedding application will call this function
   *instead* of calling "Py_Initialize()", "Py_InitializeEx()" or
   "Py_InitializeFromConfig()" directly, and all settings will be
   applied as described elsewhere in this documentation. If this
   function is instead called *after* a preceding runtime
   initialization API call, then exactly which environmental and
   command line configuration settings will be updated is version
   dependent (as it depends on which settings correctly support being
   modified after they have already been set once when the runtime was
   first initialized).

int Py_RunMain(void)

   Executes the main module in a fully configured CPython runtime.

   Executes the command ("PyConfig.run_command"), the script
   ("PyConfig.run_filename") or the module ("PyConfig.run_module")
   specified on the command line or in the configuration. If none of
   these values are set, runs the interactive Python prompt (REPL)
   using the "__main__" module's global namespace.

   If "PyConfig.inspect" is not set (the default), the return value
   will be "0" if the interpreter exits normally (that is, without
   raising an exception), the exit status of an unhandled
   "SystemExit", or "1" for any other unhandled exception.

   If "PyConfig.inspect" is set (such as when the "-i" option is
   used), rather than returning when the interpreter exits, execution
   will instead resume in an interactive Python prompt (REPL) using
   the "__main__" module's global namespace. If the interpreter exited
   with an exception, it is immediately raised in the REPL session.
   The function return value is then determined by the way the *REPL
   session* terminates: "0", "1", or the status of a "SystemExit", as
   specified above.

   This function always finalizes the Python interpreter before it
   returns.

   See Python Configuration for an example of a customized Python that
   always runs in isolated mode using "Py_RunMain()".

int PyUnstable_AtExit(PyInterpreterState *interp, void (*func)(void*), void *data)

   *Fait partie de l' API instable. Peut changer sans avertissement
   d'une version mineure à l'autre.*

   Register an "atexit" callback for the target interpreter *interp*.
   This is similar to "Py_AtExit()", but takes an explicit interpreter
   and data pointer for the callback.

   There must be an *attached thread state* for *interp*.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.13.


Cautions regarding interpreter finalization
===========================================

In the late stage of *interpreter shutdown*, after attempting to wait
for non-daemon threads to exit (though this can be interrupted by
"KeyboardInterrupt") and running the "atexit" functions, the runtime
is marked as finalizing, meaning that "Py_IsFinalizing()" and
"sys.is_finalizing()" return true.  At this point, only the
finalization thread (the thread that initiated finalization; this is
typically the main thread) is allowed to *attach* a thread state.

Other threads that attempt to attach during finalization, either
explicitly (such as via "PyThreadState_Ensure()" or
"Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS") or implicitly (such as in-between bytecode
instructions), will enter a **permanently blocked state**. Generally,
this is harmless, but this can result in deadlocks. For example, a
thread may be permanently blocked while holding a lock, meaning that
the finalization thread can never acquire that lock.

Prior to CPython 3.13, the thread would exit instead of hanging, which
led to other issues (see the warning note at
"PyThread_exit_thread()").

Gross? Yes. Starting in Python 3.15, there are a number of C APIs that
make it possible to avoid these issues by temporarily preventing
finalization:

Voir aussi:

  **PEP 788** explains the design, motivation and rationale for these
  APIs.

type PyInterpreterGuard
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable (sous forme d'une *struct* opaque)
   depuis la version 3.15.*

   An opaque interpreter guard structure.

   By holding an interpreter guard, the caller can ensure that the
   interpreter will not finalize until the guard is closed (through
   "PyInterpreterGuard_Close()").

   When a guard is held, a thread attempting to finalize the
   interpreter will block until the guard is closed before starting
   finalization. After finalization has started, threads are forever
   unable to acquire guards for that interpreter. This means that if
   you forget to close an interpreter guard, the process will
   **permanently hang** during finalization!

   Holding a guard for an interpreter is similar to holding a *strong
   reference* to a Python object, except finalization does not happen
   automatically after all guards are released: it requires an
   explicit "Py_EndInterpreter()" call.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

PyInterpreterGuard *PyInterpreterGuard_FromCurrent(void)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable depuis la version 3.15.*

   Create a finalization guard for the current interpreter. This will
   prevent finalization until the guard is closed.

   For example:

      // Temporarily prevent finalization.
      PyInterpreterGuard *guard = PyInterpreterGuard_FromCurrent();
      if (guard == NULL) {
         // Finalization has already started or we're out of memory.
         return NULL;
      }

      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS;
      // Do some critical processing here. For example, we can safely acquire
      // locks that might be acquired by the finalization thread.
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS;

      // Now that we're done with our critical processing, the interpreter is
      // allowed to finalize again.
      PyInterpreterGuard_Close(guard);

   On success, this function returns a guard for the current
   interpreter; on failure, it returns "NULL" with an exception set.

   This function will fail only if the current interpreter has already
   started finalizing, or if the process is out of memory.

   The guard pointer returned by this function must be eventually
   closed with "PyInterpreterGuard_Close()"; failing to do so will
   result in the Python process infinitely hanging.

   The caller must hold an *attached thread state*.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

PyInterpreterGuard *PyInterpreterGuard_FromView(PyInterpreterView *view)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable depuis la version 3.15.*

   Create a finalization guard for an interpreter through a view.

   On success, this function returns a guard to the interpreter
   represented by *view*. The view is still valid after calling this
   function. The guard must eventually be closed with
   "PyInterpreterGuard_Close()".

   If the interpreter no longer exists, is already finalizing, or out
   of memory, then this function returns "NULL" without setting an
   exception.

   The caller does not need to hold an *attached thread state*.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

void PyInterpreterGuard_Close(PyInterpreterGuard *guard)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable depuis la version 3.15.*

   Close an interpreter guard, allowing the interpreter to start
   finalization if no other guards remain. If an interpreter guard is
   never closed, the interpreter will infinitely wait when trying to
   enter finalization!

   After an interpreter guard is closed, it may not be used in
   "PyThreadState_Ensure()". Doing so will result in undefined
   behavior.

   This function cannot fail, and the caller doesn't need to hold an
   *attached thread state*.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.15.


Interpreter views
=================

In some cases, it may be necessary to access an interpreter that may
have been deleted. This can be done using interpreter views.

type PyInterpreterView
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable (sous forme d'une *struct* opaque)
   depuis la version 3.15.*

   An opaque view of an interpreter.

   This is a thread-safe way to access an interpreter that may have be
   finalizing or already destroyed.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

PyInterpreterView *PyInterpreterView_FromCurrent(void)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable depuis la version 3.15.*

   Create a view to the current interpreter.

   This function is generally meant to be used alongside
   "PyInterpreterGuard_FromView()" or
   "PyThreadState_EnsureFromView()".

   On success, this function returns a view to the current
   interpreter; on failure, it returns "NULL" with an exception set.

   The caller must hold an *attached thread state*.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

void PyInterpreterView_Close(PyInterpreterView *view)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable depuis la version 3.15.*

   Close an interpreter view.

   If an interpreter view is never closed, the view's memory will
   never be freed, but there are no other consequences. (In contrast,
   forgetting to close a guard will infinitely hang the main thread
   during finalization.)

   This function cannot fail, and the caller doesn't need to hold an
   *attached thread state*.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

PyInterpreterView *PyInterpreterView_FromMain(void)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable depuis la version 3.15.*

   Create a view for the main interpreter (the first and default
   interpreter in a Python process; see "PyInterpreterState_Main()").

   On success, this function returns a view to the main interpreter;
   on failure, it returns "NULL" without an exception set. Failure
   indicates that the process is out of memory.

   Use this function when an interpreter pointer or view cannot be
   supplied by the caller, such as when a native threading library
   does not provide a "void *arg" parameter that could carry a
   "PyInterpreterGuard" or "PyInterpreterView". In code that supports
   subinterpreters, prefer "PyInterpreterView_FromCurrent()" so the
   guard tracks the calling interpreter rather than the main one.

   The caller does not need to hold an *attached thread state*.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.15.


Process-wide parameters
=======================

void Py_SetProgramName(const wchar_t *name)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.program_name" should be used instead, see Python
   Initialization Configuration.

   This function should be called before "Py_Initialize()" is called
   for the first time, if it is called at all.  It tells the
   interpreter the value of the "argv[0]" argument to the "main()"
   function of the program (converted to wide characters). This is
   used by some other functions below to find the Python run-time
   libraries relative to the interpreter executable.  The default
   value is "'python'".  The argument should point to a zero-
   terminated wide character string in static storage whose contents
   will not change for the duration of the program's execution.  No
   code in the Python interpreter will change the contents of this
   storage.

   Use "Py_DecodeLocale()" to decode a bytes string to get a wchar_t*
   string.

   Deprecated since version 3.11, removed in version 3.15.

const char *Py_GetVersion()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   Return the version of this Python interpreter.  This is a string
   that looks something like

      "3.0a5+ (py3k:63103M, May 12 2008, 00:53:55) \n[GCC 4.2.3]"

   The first word (up to the first space character) is the current
   Python version; the first characters are the major and minor
   version separated by a period.  The returned string points into
   static storage; the caller should not modify its value.  The value
   is available to Python code as "sys.version".

   See also the "Py_Version" constant.

const char *Py_GetPlatform()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   Return the platform identifier for the current platform.  On Unix,
   this is formed from the "official" name of the operating system,
   converted to lower case, followed by the major revision number;
   e.g., for Solaris 2.x, which is also known as SunOS 5.x, the value
   is "'sunos5'".  On macOS, it is "'darwin'".  On Windows, it is
   "'win'".  The returned string points into static storage; the
   caller should not modify its value.  The value is available to
   Python code as "sys.platform".

const char *Py_GetCopyright()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   Return the official copyright string for the current Python
   version, for example

   "'Copyright 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam'"

   The returned string points into static storage; the caller should
   not modify its value.  The value is available to Python code as
   "sys.copyright".

const char *Py_GetCompiler()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   Return an indication of the compiler used to build the current
   Python version, in square brackets, for example:

      "[GCC 2.7.2.2]"

   The returned string points into static storage; the caller should
   not modify its value.  The value is available to Python code as
   part of the variable "sys.version".

const char *Py_GetBuildInfo()
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   Return information about the sequence number and build date and
   time of the current Python interpreter instance, for example

      "#67, Aug  1 1997, 22:34:28"

   The returned string points into static storage; the caller should
   not modify its value.  The value is available to Python code as
   part of the variable "sys.version".

void PySys_SetArgvEx(int argc, wchar_t **argv, int updatepath)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.argv", "PyConfig.parse_argv" and "PyConfig.safe_path"
   should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

   Set "sys.argv" based on *argc* and *argv*.  These parameters are
   similar to those passed to the program's "main()" function with the
   difference that the first entry should refer to the script file to
   be executed rather than the executable hosting the Python
   interpreter.  If there isn't a script that will be run, the first
   entry in *argv* can be an empty string.  If this function fails to
   initialize "sys.argv", a fatal condition is signalled using
   "Py_FatalError()".

   If *updatepath* is zero, this is all the function does.  If
   *updatepath* is non-zero, the function also modifies "sys.path"
   according to the following algorithm:

   * If the name of an existing script is passed in "argv[0]", the
     absolute path of the directory where the script is located is
     prepended to "sys.path".

   * Otherwise (that is, if *argc* is "0" or "argv[0]" doesn't point
     to an existing file name), an empty string is prepended to
     "sys.path", which is the same as prepending the current working
     directory (""."").

   Use "Py_DecodeLocale()" to decode a bytes string to get a wchar_t*
   string.

   See also "PyConfig.orig_argv" and "PyConfig.argv" members of the
   Python Initialization Configuration.

   Note:

     It is recommended that applications embedding the Python
     interpreter for purposes other than executing a single script
     pass "0" as *updatepath*, and update "sys.path" themselves if
     desired. See **CVE 2008-5983**.On versions before 3.1.3, you can
     achieve the same effect by manually popping the first "sys.path"
     element after having called "PySys_SetArgv()", for example using:

        PyRun_SimpleString("import sys; sys.path.pop(0)\n");

   Ajouté dans la version 3.1.3.

   Deprecated since version 3.11, removed in version 3.15.

void PySys_SetArgv(int argc, wchar_t **argv)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.argv" and "PyConfig.parse_argv" should be used instead,
   see Python Initialization Configuration.

   This function works like "PySys_SetArgvEx()" with *updatepath* set
   to "1" unless the **python** interpreter was started with the "-I".

   Use "Py_DecodeLocale()" to decode a bytes string to get a wchar_t*
   string.

   See also "PyConfig.orig_argv" and "PyConfig.argv" members of the
   Python Initialization Configuration.

   Modifié dans la version 3.4: The *updatepath* value depends on
   "-I".

   Deprecated since version 3.11, removed in version 3.15.

void Py_SetPythonHome(const wchar_t *home)
    * Fait partie de l' ABI stable.*

   This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting
   "PyConfig.home" should be used instead, see Python Initialization
   Configuration.

   Set the default "home" directory, that is, the location of the
   standard Python libraries.  See "PYTHONHOME" for the meaning of the
   argument string.

   The argument should point to a zero-terminated character string in
   static storage whose contents will not change for the duration of
   the program's execution.  No code in the Python interpreter will
   change the contents of this storage.

   Use "Py_DecodeLocale()" to decode a bytes string to get a wchar_t*
   string.

   Deprecated since version 3.11, removed in version 3.15.
