# File objects

These APIs are a minimal emulation of the Python 2 C API for built-in file objects, which used to rely on the buffered I/O (FILE*) support from the C standard library. In Python 3, files and streams use the new `io` module, which defines several layers over the low-level unbuffered I/O of the operating system. The functions described below are convenience C wrappers over these new APIs, and meant mostly for internal error reporting in the interpreter; third-party code is advised to access the `io` APIs instead.

PyObject *PyFile_FromFd(int fd, const char *name, const char *mode, int buffering, const char *encoding, const char *errors, const char *newline, int closefd)
  Valeur de retour : nouvelle référence. Fait partie de l' ABI stable.

  Create a Python file object from the file descriptor of an already opened file fd. The arguments name, encoding, errors and newline can be `NULL` to use the defaults; buffering can be -1 to use the default. name is ignored and kept for backward compatibility. Return `NULL` on failure. For a more comprehensive description of the arguments, please refer to the `io.open()` function documentation.

  Avertissement

  Étant donné que les flux de données Python possèdent leur propre couche de tampon, les mélanger avec des descripteurs de fichiers du niveau du système d'exploitation peut produire des erreurs (comme par exemple un ordre des données inattendu).

  Modifié dans la version 3.2: ignore l'attribut name

int PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(PyObject *p)
  Fait partie de l' ABI stable.

  Return the file descriptor associated with p as an int. If the object is an integer, its value is returned. If not, the object's `fileno()` method is called if it exists; the method must return an integer, which is returned as the file descriptor value. Sets an exception and returns `-1` on failure.

PyObject *PyFile_GetLine(PyObject *p, int n)
  Valeur de retour : nouvelle référence. Fait partie de l' ABI stable.

  Cette fonction, équivalente à `p.readline([n])`, lit une ligne de l'objet p. p peut être un objet fichier ou n'importe quel objet qui possède une méthode `readline()`. Si n vaut `0`, une seule ligne est lue, indépendamment de la taille de la ligne. Si n est plus grand que `0`, un maximum de n octets seront lus en provenance du fichier ; une ligne partielle peut être renvoyée. Dans les deux cas, une chaîne de caractères vide est renvoyée si la fin du fichier est atteinte immédiatement. Cependant, si n est plus petit que `0`, une ligne est lue indépendamment de sa taille, mais `EOFError` est levée si la fin du fichier est atteinte immédiatement.

int PyFile_SetOpenCodeHook(Py_OpenCodeHookFunction handler)

  Overrides the normal behavior of `io.open_code()` to pass its parameter through the provided handler.

  The handler is a function of type:

  typedef PyObject *(*Py_OpenCodeHookFunction)(PyObject*, void*)

    Equivalent of PyObject *(*)(PyObject *path, void *userData), where path is guaranteed to be `PyUnicodeObject`.

  The userData pointer is passed into the hook function. Since hook functions may be called from different runtimes, this pointer should not refer directly to Python state.

  As this hook is intentionally used during import, avoid importing new modules during its execution unless they are known to be frozen or available in `sys.modules`.

  Once a hook has been set, it cannot be removed or replaced, and later calls to `PyFile_SetOpenCodeHook()` will fail. On failure, the function returns -1 and sets an exception if the interpreter has been initialized.

  This function is safe to call before `Py_Initialize()`.

  Raises an auditing event `setopencodehook` with no arguments.

  Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

PyObject *PyFile_OpenCodeObject(PyObject *path)

  Open path with the mode `'rb'`. path must be a Python `str` object. The behavior of this function may be overridden by `PyFile_SetOpenCodeHook()` to allow for some preprocessing of the text.

  This is analogous to `io.open_code()` in Python.

  On success, this function returns a strong reference to a Python file object. On failure, this function returns `NULL` with an exception set.

  Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

PyObject *PyFile_OpenCode(const char *path)

  Similar to `PyFile_OpenCodeObject()`, but path is a UTF-8 encoded const char*.

  Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

int PyFile_WriteObject(PyObject *obj, PyObject *p, int flags)
  Fait partie de l' ABI stable.

  Write object obj to file object p. The only supported flag for flags is `Py_PRINT_RAW`; if given, the `str()` of the object is written instead of the `repr()`.

  If obj is `NULL`, write the string `"<NULL>"`.

  Return `0` on success or `-1` on failure; the appropriate exception will be set.

int PyFile_WriteString(const char *s, PyObject *p)
  Fait partie de l' ABI stable.

  Écrit la chaîne de caractères s dans l'objet fichier p. Retourne `0` en cas de succès ou `-1` en cas d'échec ; l'exception appropriée sera mise en place.

## Soft-deprecated API

Soft deprecated since version 3.15.

These are APIs that were included in Python's C API by mistake. They are documented solely for completeness; use other `PyFile*` APIs instead.

PyObject *PyFile_NewStdPrinter(int fd)

  Use `PyFile_FromFd()` with defaults (`fd, NULL, "w", -1, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0`) instead.

PyTypeObject PyStdPrinter_Type

  Type of file-like objects used internally at Python startup when `io` is not yet available. Use Python `open()` or `PyFile_FromFd()` to create file objects instead.