# `unicodedata` --- Unicode Database

This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database (UCD) which defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The data contained in this database is compiled from the UCD version 17.0.0.

The module uses the same names and symbols as defined by Unicode Standard Annex #44, "Unicode Character Database". It defines the following functions:

Voir aussi

The Guide Unicode for more information about Unicode and how to use this module.

unicodedata.lookup(name, /)

  Look up character by name. If a character with the given name is found, return the corresponding character. If not found, `KeyError` is raised. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.lookup('LEFT CURLY BRACKET')
      '{'

  The characters returned by this function are the same as those produced by `\N` escape sequence in string literals. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.lookup('MIDDLE DOT') == '\N{MIDDLE DOT}'
      True

  Modifié dans la version 3.3: La gestion des alias [1] et des séquences nommées [2] a été ajouté.

unicodedata.name(chr, default=None, /)

  Returns the name assigned to the character chr as a string. If no name is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, `ValueError` is raised. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.name('½')
      'VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF'
      >>> unicodedata.name('\uFFFF', 'fallback')
      'fallback'

unicodedata.decimal(chr, default=None, /)

  Returns the decimal value assigned to the character chr as integer. If no such value is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, `ValueError` is raised. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.decimal('\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE}')
      9
      >>> unicodedata.decimal('\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}', -1)
      -1

unicodedata.digit(chr, default=None, /)

  Returns the digit value assigned to the character chr as integer. If no such value is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, `ValueError` is raised:

      >>> unicodedata.digit('\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}')
      9

unicodedata.numeric(chr, default=None, /)

  Returns the numeric value assigned to the character chr as float. If no such value is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, `ValueError` is raised:

      >>> unicodedata.numeric('½')
      0.5

unicodedata.category(chr, /)

  Returns the general category assigned to the character chr as string. General category names consist of two letters. See the General Category Values section of the Unicode Character Database documentation for a list of category codes. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.category('A')  # 'L'etter, 'u'ppercase
      'Lu'

unicodedata.bidirectional(chr, /)

  Returns the bidirectional class assigned to the character chr as string. If no such value is defined, an empty string is returned. See the Bidirectional Class Values section of the Unicode Character Database documentation for a list of bidirectional codes. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.bidirectional('\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN}') # 'A'rabic, 'N'umber
      'AN'

unicodedata.combining(chr, /)

  Returns the canonical combining class assigned to the character chr as integer. Returns `0` if no combining class is defined. See the Canonical Combining Class Values section of the Unicode Character Database for more information.

unicodedata.east_asian_width(chr, /)

  Returns the east asian width assigned to the character chr as string. For a list of widths and or more information, see the Unicode Standard Annex #11.

unicodedata.mirrored(chr, /)

  Returns the mirrored property assigned to the character chr as integer. Returns `1` if the character has been identified as a "mirrored" character in bidirectional text, `0` otherwise. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.mirrored('>')
      1

unicodedata.isxidstart(chr, /)

  Return `True` if chr is a valid identifier start per the Unicode Standard Annex #31, that is, it has the `XID_Start` property. Return `False` otherwise. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.isxidstart('S')
      True
      >>> unicodedata.isxidstart('0')
      False

  Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

unicodedata.isxidcontinue(chr, /)

  Return `True` if chr is a valid identifier character per the Unicode Standard Annex #31, that is, it has the `XID_Continue` property. Return `False` otherwise. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.isxidcontinue('S')
      True
      >>> unicodedata.isxidcontinue(' ')
      False

  Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

unicodedata.decomposition(chr, /)

  Returns the character decomposition mapping assigned to the character chr as string. An empty string is returned in case no such mapping is defined. For example:

      >>> unicodedata.decomposition('Ã')
      '0041 0303'

unicodedata.grapheme_cluster_break(chr, /)

  Returns the Grapheme_Cluster_Break property assigned to the character.

  Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

unicodedata.indic_conjunct_break(chr, /)

  Returns the Indic_Conjunct_Break property assigned to the character.

  Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

unicodedata.extended_pictographic(chr, /)

  Returns `True` if the character has the Extended_Pictographic property, `False` otherwise.

  Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

unicodedata.normalize(form, unistr, /)

  Renvoie la forme normale form de la chaîne de caractère Unicode unistr. Les valeurs valides de form sont NFC, NFKC, NFD, et NFKD.

  Le standard Unicode définit les différentes variantes de normalisation d'une chaîne de caractères Unicode en se basant sur les définitions d'équivalence canonique et d'équivalence de compatibilité. En Unicode, plusieurs caractères peuvent être exprimés de différentes façons. Par exemple, le caractère U+00C7 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA) peut aussi être exprimé comme la séquence U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C) U+0327 (COMBINING CEDILLA).

  Pour chaque caractère, il existe deux formes normales: la forme normale C et la forme normale D. La forme normale D (NFD) est aussi appelée décomposition canonique, et traduit chaque caractère dans sa forme décomposée. La forme normale C (NFC) applique d'abord la décomposition canonique, puis compose à nouveau les caractères pré-combinés.

  In addition to these two forms, there are two additional normal forms based on compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, certain characters are supported which normally would be unified with other characters. For example, U+2160 (ROMAN NUMERAL ONE) is really the same thing as U+0049 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I). However, it is supported in Unicode for compatibility with existing character sets (for example, gb2312).

  The normal form KD (NFKD) will apply the compatibility decomposition, that is, replace all compatibility characters with their equivalents. The normal form KC (NFKC) first applies the compatibility decomposition, followed by the canonical composition.

  Même si deux chaînes de caractères Unicode sont normalisées et ont la même apparence pour un lecteur humain , si un a des caractères combinés et l'autre n'en a pas, elles peuvent ne pas être égales lors d'une comparaison.

unicodedata.is_normalized(form, unistr, /)

  Return whether the Unicode string unistr is in the normal form form. Valid values for form are 'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD', and 'NFKD'.

  Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

unicodedata.iter_graphemes(unistr, start=0, end=sys.maxsize, /)

  Returns an iterator to iterate over grapheme clusters. With optional start, iteration begins at that position. With optional end, iteration stops at that position.

  Converting an emitted item to string returns a substring corresponding to the grapheme cluster. Its `start` and `end` attributes denote the start and end of the grapheme cluster.

  It uses extended grapheme cluster rules defined by Unicode Standard Annex #29, "Unicode Text Segmentation".

  Ajouté dans la version 3.15.

De plus, ce module expose la constante suivante :

unicodedata.unidata_version

  La version de la base de données Unicode utilisée dans ce module.

unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0

  This is an object that has most of the methods of the entire module, but uses the Unicode database version 3.2 instead, for applications that require this specific version of the Unicode database (such as IDNA).

Notes

[1]

https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt

[2]

https://www.unicode.org/Public/17.0.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt