Outils de développement¶
The modules described in this chapter help you write software. For example, the
pydoc
module takes a module and generates documentation based on the
module's contents. The doctest
and unittest
modules contains
frameworks for writing unit tests that automatically exercise code and verify
that the expected output is produced.
La liste des modules documentés dans ce chapitre est :
typing
— Prise en charge des annotations de type- Specification for the Python Type System
- Alias de type
- NewType
- Annotating callable objects
- Génériques
- Annotating tuples
- The type of class objects
- Annotating generators and coroutines
- Types génériques définis par l'utilisateur
- Le type
Any
- Sous-typage nominal et sous-typage structurel
- Classe de données
- Special typing primitives
- Protocoles
- ABCs for working with IO
- Functions and decorators
- Utilitaires d'introspection
- Constante
- Deprecated aliases
- Étapes d'Obsolescence des Fonctionnalités Majeures
pydoc
--- Documentation generator and online help system- Python Development Mode
doctest
— Exemples de tests interactifs en Python- Utilisation simple : vérifier des exemples dans des docstrings
- Utilisation simple : vérifier des exemples dans un fichier texte
- Comment ça marche
- API de base
- API de tests unitaires
- API avancé
- Débogage
- Éditorial
unittest
--- Unit testing framework- Exemple basique
- Interface en ligne de commande
- Découverte des tests
- Organiser le code de test
- Réutilisation d'ancien code de test
- Ignorer des tests et des erreurs prévisibles
- Distinguer les itérations de test à l'aide de sous-tests
- Classes et fonctions
- Scénarios de tests
TestCase
setUp()
tearDown()
setUpClass()
tearDownClass()
run()
skipTest()
subTest()
debug()
assertEqual()
assertNotEqual()
assertTrue()
assertFalse()
assertIs()
assertIsNot()
assertIsNone()
assertIsNotNone()
assertIn()
assertNotIn()
assertIsInstance()
assertNotIsInstance()
assertRaises()
assertRaisesRegex()
assertWarns()
assertWarnsRegex()
assertLogs()
assertNoLogs()
assertAlmostEqual()
assertNotAlmostEqual()
assertGreater()
assertGreaterEqual()
assertLess()
assertLessEqual()
assertRegex()
assertNotRegex()
assertCountEqual()
addTypeEqualityFunc()
assertMultiLineEqual()
assertSequenceEqual()
assertListEqual()
assertTupleEqual()
assertSetEqual()
assertDictEqual()
fail()
failureException
longMessage
maxDiff
countTestCases()
defaultTestResult()
id()
shortDescription()
addCleanup()
enterContext()
doCleanups()
addClassCleanup()
enterClassContext()
doClassCleanups()
IsolatedAsyncioTestCase
FunctionTestCase
- Regroupement des tests
- Chargement et exécution des tests
TestLoader
TestResult
errors
failures
skipped
expectedFailures
unexpectedSuccesses
collectedDurations
shouldStop
testsRun
buffer
failfast
tb_locals
wasSuccessful()
stop()
startTest()
stopTest()
startTestRun()
stopTestRun()
addError()
addFailure()
addSuccess()
addSkip()
addExpectedFailure()
addUnexpectedSuccess()
addSubTest()
addDuration()
TextTestResult
defaultTestLoader
TextTestRunner
main()
- Protocole de chargement des tests (load_tests Protocol)
- Scénarios de tests
- Classes et modules d'aménagements des tests
- Traitement des signaux
unittest.mock
--- mock object library- Guide rapide
- La classe Mock
Mock
assert_called()
assert_called_once()
assert_called_with()
assert_called_once_with()
assert_any_call()
assert_has_calls()
assert_not_called()
reset_mock()
mock_add_spec()
attach_mock()
configure_mock()
__dir__()
_get_child_mock()
called
call_count
return_value
side_effect
call_args
call_args_list
method_calls
mock_calls
__class__
NonCallableMock
PropertyMock
AsyncMock
ThreadingMock
- Calling
- Deleting Attributes
- Mock names and the name attribute
- Attaching Mocks as Attributes
- The patchers
- MagicMock and magic method support
- Helpers
- Order of precedence of
side_effect
,return_value
and wraps
unittest.mock
--- getting started- Utilisation de Mock ou l'art de singer
- Simulation des méthodes
- S'assurer de la bonne utilisation d'un objet
- Simulation des classes
- Naming your mocks
- Tracking all Calls
- Setting Return Values and Attributes
- Raising exceptions with mocks
- Side effect functions and iterables
- Mocking asynchronous iterators
- Mocking asynchronous context manager
- Creating a Mock from an Existing Object
- Using side_effect to return per file content
- Patch Decorators
- Further Examples
- Mocking chained calls
- Partial mocking
- Mocking a Generator Method
- Applying the same patch to every test method
- Mocking Unbound Methods
- Checking multiple calls with mock
- Coping with mutable arguments
- Nesting Patches
- Mocking a dictionary with MagicMock
- Mock subclasses and their attributes
- Mocking imports with patch.dict
- Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertions
- More complex argument matching
- Utilisation de Mock ou l'art de singer
test
--- Regression tests package for Pythontest.support
--- Utilities for the Python test suiteTestFailed
ResourceDenied
verbose
is_jython
is_android
unix_shell
LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT
INTERNET_TIMEOUT
SHORT_TIMEOUT
LONG_TIMEOUT
PGO
PIPE_MAX_SIZE
Py_DEBUG
SOCK_MAX_SIZE
TEST_SUPPORT_DIR
TEST_HOME_DIR
TEST_DATA_DIR
MAX_Py_ssize_t
max_memuse
real_max_memuse
MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS
HAVE_DOCSTRINGS
TEST_HTTP_URL
ALWAYS_EQ
NEVER_EQ
LARGEST
SMALLEST
busy_retry()
sleeping_retry()
is_resource_enabled()
python_is_optimized()
with_pymalloc()
requires()
sortdict()
findfile()
get_pagesize()
setswitchinterval()
check_impl_detail()
set_memlimit()
record_original_stdout()
get_original_stdout()
args_from_interpreter_flags()
optim_args_from_interpreter_flags()
captured_stdin()
captured_stdout()
captured_stderr()
disable_faulthandler()
gc_collect()
disable_gc()
swap_attr()
swap_item()
flush_std_streams()
print_warning()
wait_process()
calcobjsize()
calcvobjsize()
checksizeof()
anticipate_failure()
system_must_validate_cert()
run_with_locale()
run_with_tz()
requires_freebsd_version()
requires_linux_version()
requires_mac_version()
requires_gil_enabled()
requires_IEEE_754()
requires_zlib()
requires_gzip()
requires_bz2()
requires_lzma()
requires_resource()
requires_docstrings()
requires_limited_api()
cpython_only()
impl_detail()
no_tracing()
refcount_test()
bigmemtest()
bigaddrspacetest()
check_syntax_error()
open_urlresource()
reap_children()
get_attribute()
catch_unraisable_exception()
load_package_tests()
detect_api_mismatch()
patch()
run_in_subinterp()
check_free_after_iterating()
missing_compiler_executable()
check__all__()
skip_if_broken_multiprocessing_synchronize()
check_disallow_instantiation()
adjust_int_max_str_digits()
SuppressCrashReport
SaveSignals
Matcher
test.support.socket_helper
--- Utilities for socket teststest.support.script_helper
--- Utilities for the Python execution teststest.support.bytecode_helper
--- Support tools for testing correct bytecode generationtest.support.threading_helper
--- Utilities for threading teststest.support.os_helper
--- Utilities for os testsFS_NONASCII
SAVEDCWD
TESTFN
TESTFN_NONASCII
TESTFN_UNENCODABLE
TESTFN_UNDECODABLE
TESTFN_UNICODE
EnvironmentVarGuard
FakePath
set()
unset()
can_symlink()
can_xattr()
change_cwd()
create_empty_file()
fd_count()
fs_is_case_insensitive()
make_bad_fd()
rmdir()
rmtree()
skip_unless_symlink()
skip_unless_xattr()
temp_cwd()
temp_dir()
temp_umask()
unlink()
test.support.import_helper
--- Utilities for import teststest.support.warnings_helper
--- Utilities for warnings tests