"http" --- HTTP modules
***********************

**Code source :** Lib/http/__init__.py

======================================================================

"http" est un paquet qui rassemble plusieurs modules servant à
travailler avec le protocole HTTP (*HyperText Transfer Procotol*) :

* Le module "http.client" est un client HTTP bas niveau. Pour accéder
  à des ressources web, utiliser le module haut niveau
  "urllib.request"

* Le module "http.server" contient des classes serveur HTTP basiques
  basées sur "socketserver"

* Le module "http.cookies" contient des utilitaires liés à la gestion
  d'état HTTP via les cookies

* Le module "http.cookiejar" fournit un mécanisme de persistance des
  cookies

The "http" module also defines the following enums that help you work
with http related code:

class http.HTTPStatus

   Ajouté dans la version 3.5.

   Sous-classe de "enum.IntEnum" qui définit un ensemble de codes
   d'état HTTP, messages explicatifs et descriptions complètes écrites
   en anglais.

   Utilisation :

      >>> from http import HTTPStatus
      >>> HTTPStatus.OK
      HTTPStatus.OK
      >>> HTTPStatus.OK == 200
      True
      >>> HTTPStatus.OK.value
      200
      >>> HTTPStatus.OK.phrase
      'OK'
      >>> HTTPStatus.OK.description
      'Request fulfilled, document follows'
      >>> list(HTTPStatus)
      [HTTPStatus.CONTINUE, HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS, ...]


Codes d'état HTTP
=================

Supported, IANA-registered status codes available in "http.HTTPStatus"
are:

+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Code    | Message                             | Détails                                                                         |
|=========|=====================================|=================================================================================|
| "100"   | "CONTINUE"                          | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.2.1                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "101"   | "SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS"               | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.2.2                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "102"   | "PROCESSING"                        | *WebDAV* **RFC 2518**, Section 10.1                                             |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "103"   | "EARLY_HINTS"                       | An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints **RFC 8297**                           |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "200"   | "OK"                                | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.3.1                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "201"   | "CREATED"                           | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.3.2                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "202"   | "ACCEPTED"                          | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.3.3                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "203"   | "NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION"     | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.3.4                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "204"   | "NO_CONTENT"                        | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.3.5                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "205"   | "RESET_CONTENT"                     | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.3.6                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "206"   | "PARTIAL_CONTENT"                   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.3.7                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "207"   | "MULTI_STATUS"                      | *WebDAV* **RFC 4918**, Section 11.1                                             |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "208"   | "ALREADY_REPORTED"                  | *WebDAV* Binding Extensions **RFC 5842**, Section 7.1 (Expérimental)            |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "226"   | "IM_USED"                           | Delta Encoding in HTTP **RFC 3229**, Section 10.4.1                             |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "300"   | "MULTIPLE_CHOICES"                  | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.4.1                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "301"   | "MOVED_PERMANENTLY"                 | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.4.2                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "302"   | "FOUND"                             | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.4.3                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "303"   | "SEE_OTHER"                         | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.4.4                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "304"   | "NOT_MODIFIED"                      | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.4.5                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "305"   | "USE_PROXY"                         | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.4.6                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "307"   | "TEMPORARY_REDIRECT"                | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.4.8                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "308"   | "PERMANENT_REDIRECT"                | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.4.9                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "400"   | "BAD_REQUEST"                       | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.1                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "401"   | "UNAUTHORIZED"                      | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.2                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "402"   | "PAYMENT_REQUIRED"                  | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.3                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "403"   | "FORBIDDEN"                         | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.4                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "404"   | "NOT_FOUND"                         | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.5                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "405"   | "METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED"                | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.6                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "406"   | "NOT_ACCEPTABLE"                    | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.7                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "407"   | "PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED"     | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.8                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "408"   | "REQUEST_TIMEOUT"                   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.9                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "409"   | "CONFLICT"                          | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.10                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "410"   | "GONE"                              | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.11                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "411"   | "LENGTH_REQUIRED"                   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.12                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "412"   | "PRECONDITION_FAILED"               | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.13                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "413"   | "CONTENT_TOO_LARGE"                 | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.14                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "414"   | "URI_TOO_LONG"                      | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.15                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "415"   | "UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE"            | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.16                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "416"   | "RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE"             | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.17                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "417"   | "EXPECTATION_FAILED"                | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.18                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "418"   | "IM_A_TEAPOT"                       | HTCPCP/1.0 **RFC 2324**, Section 2.3.2                                          |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "421"   | "MISDIRECTED_REQUEST"               | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.20                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "422"   | "UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT"             | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.21                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "423"   | "LOCKED"                            | *WebDAV* **RFC 4918**, Section 11.3                                             |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "424"   | "FAILED_DEPENDENCY"                 | *WebDAV* **RFC 4918**, Section 11.4                                             |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "425"   | "TOO_EARLY"                         | Using Early Data in HTTP **RFC 8470**                                           |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "426"   | "UPGRADE_REQUIRED"                  | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.5.22                                    |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "428"   | "PRECONDITION_REQUIRED"             | Additional HTTP Status Codes **RFC 6585**                                       |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "429"   | "TOO_MANY_REQUESTS"                 | Additional HTTP Status Codes **RFC 6585**                                       |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "431"   | "REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE"   | Additional HTTP Status Codes **RFC 6585**                                       |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "451"   | "UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS"     | An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles **RFC 7725**                      |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "500"   | "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR"             | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.6.1                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "501"   | "NOT_IMPLEMENTED"                   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.6.2                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "502"   | "BAD_GATEWAY"                       | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.6.3                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "503"   | "SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE"               | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.6.4                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "504"   | "GATEWAY_TIMEOUT"                   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.6.5                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "505"   | "HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED"        | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 15.6.6                                     |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "506"   | "VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES"           | Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP **RFC 2295**, Section 8.1               |
|         |                                     | (Expérimental)                                                                  |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "507"   | "INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE"              | *WebDAV* **RFC 4918**, Section 11.5                                             |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "508"   | "LOOP_DETECTED"                     | *WebDAV Binding Extensions* **RFC 5842**, Section 7.2 (Expérimental)            |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "510"   | "NOT_EXTENDED"                      | An HTTP Extension Framework **RFC 2774**, Section 7 (Expérimental)              |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "511"   | "NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED"   | Codes d'état HTTP supplémentaires **RFC 6585**, Section 6                       |
+---------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Dans le but de préserver la compatibilité descendante, les valeurs
d'énumération sont aussi présentes dans le module "http.client" sous
forme de constantes. Les noms de valeurs de l'énumération sont
accessibles de deux manières : par exemple, le code HTTP 200 est
accessible sous les noms "http.HTTPStatus.OK" et "http.client.OK".

Modifié dans la version 3.7: Ajouté le code d'état "421
MISDIRECTED_REQUEST".

Ajouté dans la version 3.8: Added "451 UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS"
status code.

Ajouté dans la version 3.9: Added "103 EARLY_HINTS", "418 IM_A_TEAPOT"
and "425 TOO_EARLY" status codes.

Modifié dans la version 3.13: Implemented RFC9110 naming for status
constants. Old constant names are preserved for backwards
compatibility: "413 REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE", "414
REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG", "416 REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE" and "422
UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY".


HTTP status category
====================

Ajouté dans la version 3.12.

The enum values have several properties to indicate the HTTP status
category:

+----------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Property             | Indicates that           | Détails                                |
|======================|==========================|========================================|
| "is_informational"   | "100 <= status <= 199"   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section   |
|                      |                          | 15                                     |
+----------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| "is_success"         | "200 <= status <= 299"   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section   |
|                      |                          | 15                                     |
+----------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| "is_redirection"     | "300 <= status <= 399"   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section   |
|                      |                          | 15                                     |
+----------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| "is_client_error"    | "400 <= status <= 499"   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section   |
|                      |                          | 15                                     |
+----------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| "is_server_error"    | "500 <= status <= 599"   | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section   |
|                      |                          | 15                                     |
+----------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+

   Utilisation :

      >>> from http import HTTPStatus
      >>> HTTPStatus.OK.is_success
      True
      >>> HTTPStatus.OK.is_client_error
      False

class http.HTTPMethod

   Ajouté dans la version 3.11.

   A subclass of "enum.StrEnum" that defines a set of HTTP methods and
   descriptions written in English.

   Utilisation :

      >>> from http import HTTPMethod
      >>>
      >>> HTTPMethod.GET
      <HTTPMethod.GET>
      >>> HTTPMethod.GET == 'GET'
      True
      >>> HTTPMethod.GET.value
      'GET'
      >>> HTTPMethod.GET.description
      'Retrieve the target.'
      >>> list(HTTPMethod)
      [<HTTPMethod.CONNECT>,
       <HTTPMethod.DELETE>,
       <HTTPMethod.GET>,
       <HTTPMethod.HEAD>,
       <HTTPMethod.OPTIONS>,
       <HTTPMethod.PATCH>,
       <HTTPMethod.POST>,
       <HTTPMethod.PUT>,
       <HTTPMethod.TRACE>]


HTTP methods
============

Supported, IANA-registered methods available in "http.HTTPMethod" are:

+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Méthode     | Message                             | Détails                                                            |
|=============|=====================================|====================================================================|
| "GET"       | "GET"                               | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 9.3.1                         |
+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "HEAD"      | "HEAD"                              | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 9.3.2                         |
+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "POST"      | "POST"                              | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 9.3.3                         |
+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "PUT"       | "PUT"                               | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 9.3.4                         |
+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "DELETE"    | "DELETE"                            | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 9.3.5                         |
+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "CONNECT"   | "CONNECT"                           | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 9.3.6                         |
+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "OPTIONS"   | "OPTIONS"                           | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 9.3.7                         |
+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "TRACE"     | "TRACE"                             | HTTP Semantics **RFC 9110**, Section 9.3.8                         |
+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| "PATCH"     | "PATCH"                             | HTTP/1.1 **RFC 5789**                                              |
+-------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
