# `stat` --- Interpreting `stat()` results

Code source : Lib/stat.py

The `stat` module defines constants and functions for interpreting the results of `os.stat()`, `os.fstat()` and `os.lstat()` (if they exist). For complete details about the `stat()`, `fstat()` and `lstat()` calls, consult the documentation for your system.

Modifié dans la version 3.4: Le module stat est implémenté en C.

Le module `stat` définit les fonctions suivantes pour tester des types de fichiers spécifiques :

stat.S_ISDIR(mode)

  Renvoie une valeur différente de zéro si c'est un mode d'un répertoire.

stat.S_ISCHR(mode)

  Renvoie une valeur différente de zéro si c'est le mode d'un fichier spécial caractère de périphérique.

stat.S_ISBLK(mode)

  Renvoie une valeur différente de zéro si c'est le mode d'un fichier spécial bloc.

stat.S_ISREG(mode)

  Renvoie une valeur différente de zéro si c'est le mode d'un fichier normal.

stat.S_ISFIFO(mode)

  Renvoie une valeur différente de zéro si c'est le mode d'une FIFO (tube nommé)

stat.S_ISLNK(mode)

  Renvoie une valeur différente de zéro si c'est le mode d'un lien symbolique.

stat.S_ISSOCK(mode)

  Renvoie une valeur différente de zéro si c'est le mode d'un socket.

stat.S_ISDOOR(mode)

  Return non-zero if the mode is from a door.

  Nouveau dans la version 3.4.

stat.S_ISPORT(mode)

  Return non-zero if the mode is from an event port.

  Nouveau dans la version 3.4.

stat.S_ISWHT(mode)

  Return non-zero if the mode is from a whiteout.

  Nouveau dans la version 3.4.

Deux autres fonctions sont définies pour permettre plus de manipulation du mode du fichier :

stat.S_IMODE(mode)

  Return the portion of the file's mode that can be set by `os.chmod()`---that is, the file's permission bits, plus the sticky bit, set-group-id, and set-user-id bits (on systems that support them).

stat.S_IFMT(mode)

  Return the portion of the file's mode that describes the file type (used by the `S_IS*()` functions above).

Normally, you would use the `os.path.is*()` functions for testing the type of a file; the functions here are useful when you are doing multiple tests of the same file and wish to avoid the overhead of the `stat()` system call for each test. These are also useful when checking for information about a file that isn't handled by `os.path`, like the tests for block and character devices.

Exemple :

    import os, sys
    from stat import *

    def walktree(top, callback):
        '''recursively descend the directory tree rooted at top,
           calling the callback function for each regular file'''

        for f in os.listdir(top):
            pathname = os.path.join(top, f)
            mode = os.lstat(pathname).st_mode
            if S_ISDIR(mode):
                # It's a directory, recurse into it
                walktree(pathname, callback)
            elif S_ISREG(mode):
                # It's a file, call the callback function
                callback(pathname)
            else:
                # Unknown file type, print a message
                print('Skipping %s' % pathname)

    def visitfile(file):
        print('visiting', file)

    if __name__ == '__main__':
        walktree(sys.argv[1], visitfile)

An additional utility function is provided to convert a file's mode in a human readable string:

stat.filemode(mode)

  Convert a file's mode to a string of the form '-rwxrwxrwx'.

  Nouveau dans la version 3.3.

  Modifié dans la version 3.4: The function supports `S_IFDOOR`, `S_IFPORT` and `S_IFWHT`.

All the variables below are simply symbolic indexes into the 10-tuple returned by `os.stat()`, `os.fstat()` or `os.lstat()`.

stat.ST_MODE

  Mode de protection de l'inode.

stat.ST_INO

  Numéro d'inode.

stat.ST_DEV

  Device inode resides on.

stat.ST_NLINK

  Nombre de liens vers l'inode.

stat.ST_UID

  Identifiant utilisateur du propriétaire.

stat.ST_GID

  Identifiant de groupe du propriétaire.

stat.ST_SIZE

  Size in bytes of a plain file; amount of data waiting on some special files.

stat.ST_ATIME

  L'heure du dernier accès.

stat.ST_MTIME

  L'heure de la dernière modification.

stat.ST_CTIME

  The "ctime" as reported by the operating system. On some systems (like Unix) is the time of the last metadata change, and, on others (like Windows), is the creation time (see platform documentation for details).

The interpretation of "file size" changes according to the file type. For plain files this is the size of the file in bytes. For FIFOs and sockets under most flavors of Unix (including Linux in particular), the "size" is the number of bytes waiting to be read at the time of the call to `os.stat()`, `os.fstat()`, or `os.lstat()`; this can sometimes be useful, especially for polling one of these special files after a non-blocking open. The meaning of the size field for other character and block devices varies more, depending on the implementation of the underlying system call.

The variables below define the flags used in the `ST_MODE` field.

Use of the functions above is more portable than use of the first set of flags:

stat.S_IFSOCK

  Socket.

stat.S_IFLNK

  Lien symbolique.

stat.S_IFREG

  Fichier normal.

stat.S_IFBLK

  Périphérique en mode bloc.

stat.S_IFDIR

  Dossier.

stat.S_IFCHR

  Périphérique en mode caractère.

stat.S_IFIFO

  FIFO.

stat.S_IFDOOR

  Door.

  Nouveau dans la version 3.4.

stat.S_IFPORT

  Event port.

  Nouveau dans la version 3.4.

stat.S_IFWHT

  Whiteout.

  Nouveau dans la version 3.4.

Note

`S_IFDOOR`, `S_IFPORT` or `S_IFWHT` sont définies à 0 si la plateforme ne prend pas en charge les types de fichiers.

Les drapeaux suivant peuvent aussi être utilisé dans l'argument mode de `os.chmod()` :

stat.S_ISUID

  Définit le bit UID.

stat.S_ISGID

  Set-group-ID bit. This bit has several special uses. For a directory it indicates that BSD semantics is to be used for that directory: files created there inherit their group ID from the directory, not from the effective group ID of the creating process, and directories created there will also get the `S_ISGID` bit set. For a file that does not have the group execution bit (`S_IXGRP`) set, the set-group-ID bit indicates mandatory file/record locking (see also `S_ENFMT`).

stat.S_ISVTX

  Sticky bit. When this bit is set on a directory it means that a file in that directory can be renamed or deleted only by the owner of the file, by the owner of the directory, or by a privileged process.

stat.S_IRWXU

  Mask for file owner permissions.

stat.S_IRUSR

  Le propriétaire possède le droit de lecture.

stat.S_IWUSR

  Le propriétaire possède le droit d'écriture.

stat.S_IXUSR

  Le propriétaire possède le droit d'exécution.

stat.S_IRWXG

  Masque pour extraire les permissions du groupe.

stat.S_IRGRP

  Le groupe possède le droit de lecture.

stat.S_IWGRP

  Le groupe possède le droit d'écriture.

stat.S_IXGRP

  Le groupe possède le droit d'exécution.

stat.S_IRWXO

  Mask for permissions for others (not in group).

stat.S_IROTH

  Others have read permission.

stat.S_IWOTH

  Others have write permission.

stat.S_IXOTH

  Others have execute permission.

stat.S_ENFMT

  System V file locking enforcement. This flag is shared with `S_ISGID`: file/record locking is enforced on files that do not have the group execution bit (`S_IXGRP`) set.

stat.S_IREAD

  Unix V7 synonym for `S_IRUSR`.

stat.S_IWRITE

  Unix V7 synonym for `S_IWUSR`.

stat.S_IEXEC

  Unix V7 synonym for `S_IXUSR`.

The following flags can be used in the flags argument of `os.chflags()`:

stat.UF_NODUMP

  Do not dump the file.

stat.UF_IMMUTABLE

  Le fichier ne peut pas être modifié.

stat.UF_APPEND

  The file may only be appended to.

stat.UF_OPAQUE

  The directory is opaque when viewed through a union stack.

stat.UF_NOUNLINK

  Le fichier ne peut pas être renommé ou supprimé.

stat.UF_COMPRESSED

  The file is stored compressed (macOS 10.6+).

stat.UF_HIDDEN

  Le fichier ne peut pas être affiché dans une GUI (macOS 10.5+).

stat.SF_ARCHIVED

  Le fichier peut être archivé.

stat.SF_IMMUTABLE

  Le fichier ne peut pas être modifié.

stat.SF_APPEND

  The file may only be appended to.

stat.SF_NOUNLINK

  Le fichier ne peut pas être renommé ou supprimé.

stat.SF_SNAPSHOT

  The file is a snapshot file.

See the *BSD or macOS systems man page chflags(2) for more information.

On Windows, the following file attribute constants are available for use when testing bits in the `st_file_attributes` member returned by `os.stat()`. See the Windows API documentation for more detail on the meaning of these constants.

stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_INTEGRITY_STREAM
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SCRUB_DATA
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL

  Nouveau dans la version 3.5.

On Windows, the following constants are available for comparing against the `st_reparse_tag` member returned by `os.lstat()`. These are well-known constants, but are not an exhaustive list.

stat.IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK
stat.IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT
stat.IO_REPARSE_TAG_APPEXECLINK

  Nouveau dans la version 3.8.