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# 13.4. `netrc` — traitement de fichier netrc

Nouveau dans la version 1.5.2.

Code source : Lib/netrc.py

The `netrc` class parses and encapsulates the netrc file format used by the Unix ftp program and other FTP clients.

class `netrc.``netrc`([file])

  A `netrc` instance or subclass instance encapsulates data from a netrc file. The initialization argument, if present, specifies the file to parse. If no argument is given, the file `.netrc` in the user’s home directory will be read. Parse errors will raise `NetrcParseError` with diagnostic information including the file name, line number, and terminating token. If no argument is specified on a POSIX system, the presence of passwords in the `.netrc` file will raise a `NetrcParseError` if the file ownership or permissions are insecure (owned by a user other than the user running the process, or accessible for read or write by any other user). This implements security behavior equivalent to that of ftp and other programs that use `.netrc`.

  Modifié dans la version 2.7.6: Added the POSIX permissions check.

exception `netrc.``NetrcParseError`

  Exception raised by the `netrc` class when syntactical errors are encountered in source text. Instances of this exception provide three interesting attributes: `msg` is a textual explanation of the error, `filename` is the name of the source file, and `lineno` gives the line number on which the error was found.

## 13.4.1. Objets netrc

A `netrc` instance has the following methods:

`netrc.``authenticators`(host)

  Renvoie un triplet `(login, account, password)` pour s’authentifier auprès de l’hôte host. Si le fichier netrc ne contient pas d’entrée pour l’hôte donné, renvoie le tuple associé à l’entrée par défaut. Si aucun hôte correspondant ni aucune entrée par défaut n’est disponible, renvoie `None`.

`netrc.``__repr__`()

  Déverse les données de la classe sous forme de chaîne dans le format d’un fichier netrc. (Ceci ignore les commentaires et peut réorganiser les entrées).

Instances of `netrc` have public instance variables:

`netrc.``hosts`

  Dictionnaire faisant correspondre les noms d’hôtes dans des tuples `(login, account, password)`. L’entrée par défaut, le cas échéant, est représentée en tant que pseudo-hôte par ce nom.

`netrc.``macros`

  Dictionnaire faisant correspondre les noms de macro en listes de chaînes.

Note

Passwords are limited to a subset of the ASCII character set. Versions of this module prior to 2.3 were extremely limited. Starting with 2.3, all ASCII punctuation is allowed in passwords. However, note that whitespace and non-printable characters are not allowed in passwords. This is a limitation of the way the .netrc file is parsed and may be removed in the future.