# 31.4. `zipimport` — Import modules from Zip archives

Nouveau dans la version 2.3.

This module adds the ability to import Python modules (`*.py`, `*.py[co]`) and packages from ZIP-format archives. It is usually not needed to use the `zipimport` module explicitly; it is automatically used by the built-in `import` mechanism for `sys.path` items that are paths to ZIP archives.

Typically, `sys.path` is a list of directory names as strings. This module also allows an item of `sys.path` to be a string naming a ZIP file archive. The ZIP archive can contain a subdirectory structure to support package imports, and a path within the archive can be specified to only import from a subdirectory. For example, the path `example.zip/lib/` would only import from the `lib/` subdirectory within the archive.

Any files may be present in the ZIP archive, but only files `.py` and `.py[co]` are available for import. ZIP import of dynamic modules (`.pyd`, `.so`) is disallowed. Note that if an archive only contains `.py` files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive by adding the corresponding `.pyc` or `.pyo` file, meaning that if a ZIP archive doesn’t contain `.pyc` files, importing may be rather slow.

Using the built-in `reload()` function will fail if called on a module loaded from a ZIP archive; it is unlikely that `reload()` would be needed, since this would imply that the ZIP has been altered during runtime.

ZIP archives with an archive comment are currently not supported.

Voir aussi

PKZIP Application Note

  Documentation sur le format de fichier ZIP par Phil Katz, créateur du format et des algorithmes utilisés.

PEP 273 - Import Modules from Zip Archives

  Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python 2.3 follows the specification in PEP 273, but uses an implementation written by Just van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in PEP 302.

PEP 302 - New Import Hooks

  The PEP to add the import hooks that help this module work.

This module defines an exception:

exception `zipimport.``ZipImportError`

  Exception raised by zipimporter objects. It’s a subclass of `ImportError`, so it can be caught as `ImportError`, too.

## 31.4.1. zipimporter Objects

`zipimporter` is the class for importing ZIP files.

class `zipimport.``zipimporter`(archivepath)

  Create a new zipimporter instance. archivepath must be a path to a ZIP file, or to a specific path within a ZIP file. For example, an archivepath of `foo/bar.zip/lib` will look for modules in the `lib` directory inside the ZIP file `foo/bar.zip` (provided that it exists).

  `ZipImportError` is raised if archivepath doesn’t point to a valid ZIP archive.

  `find_module`(fullname[, path])

    Search for a module specified by fullname. fullname must be the fully qualified (dotted) module name. It returns the zipimporter instance itself if the module was found, or `None` if it wasn’t. The optional path argument is ignored—it’s there for compatibility with the importer protocol.

  `get_code`(fullname)

    Return the code object for the specified module. Raise `ZipImportError` if the module couldn’t be found.

  `get_data`(pathname)

    Return the data associated with pathname. Raise `IOError` if the file wasn’t found.

  `get_filename`(fullname)

    Return the value `__file__` would be set to if the specified module was imported. Raise `ZipImportError` if the module couldn’t be found.

  Nouveau dans la version 2.7.

  `get_source`(fullname)

    Return the source code for the specified module. Raise `ZipImportError` if the module couldn’t be found, return `None` if the archive does contain the module, but has no source for it.

  `is_package`(fullname)

    Return `True` if the module specified by fullname is a package. Raise `ZipImportError` if the module couldn’t be found.

  `load_module`(fullname)

    Load the module specified by fullname. fullname must be the fully qualified (dotted) module name. It returns the imported module, or raises `ZipImportError` if it wasn’t found.

  `archive`

    The file name of the importer’s associated ZIP file, without a possible subpath.

  `prefix`

    The subpath within the ZIP file where modules are searched. This is the empty string for zipimporter objects which point to the root of the ZIP file.

  The `archive` and `prefix` attributes, when combined with a slash, equal the original archivepath argument given to the `zipimporter` constructor.

## 31.4.2. Exemples

Here is an example that imports a module from a ZIP archive - note that the `zipimport` module is not explicitly used.

    $ unzip -l example.zip
    Archive:  example.zip
      Length     Date   Time    Name
     --------    ----   ----    ----
         8467  11-26-02 22:30   jwzthreading.py
     --------                   -------
         8467                   1 file
    $ ./python
    Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)
    >>> import sys
    >>> sys.path.insert(0, 'example.zip')  # Add .zip file to front of path
    >>> import jwzthreading
    >>> jwzthreading.__file__
    'example.zip/jwzthreading.py'