Cryptographic Services

The modules described in this chapter implement various algorithms of a cryptographic nature. They are available at the discretion of the installation. On Unix systems, the crypt module may also be available. Here's an overview:

• hashlib --- Secure hashes and message digests
  • Hash algorithms
  • Usage
  • Constructors
  • Attributes
  • Hash Objects
  • SHAKE variable length digests
  • File hashing
  • Key derivation
  • BLAKE2
    • Creating hash objects
    • Constants
    • Examples
      • Simple hashing
      • Using different digest sizes
      • Keyed hashing
      • Randomized hashing
      • Personalization
      • Tree mode
    • Credits
• hmac --- Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
• secrets --- Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets
  • Random numbers
  • Generating tokens
    • How many bytes should tokens use?
  • Other functions
  • Recipes and best practices