Referencia del Lenguaje Python

Este manual de referencia describe la sintaxis y la «semántica base» del lenguaje. Es conciso, pero intenta ser exacto y completo. La semántica de los tipos de objetos integrados no esenciales y de las funciones y módulos integrados están descritos en The Python Standard Library. Para obtener una introducción informal al lenguaje, consulte Tutorial de Python. Para programadores C o C++, existen dos manuales adicionales: Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter describe detalladamente cómo escribir un módulo de extensión de Python, y Python/C API Reference Manual describe en detalle las interfaces disponibles para los programadores C/C++.

• 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Alternate Implementations
  • 1.2. Notation
• 2. Lexical analysis
  • 2.1. Line structure
  • 2.2. Other tokens
  • 2.3. Identifiers and keywords
  • 2.4. Literals
  • 2.5. Operators
  • 2.6. Delimiters
• 3. Data model
  • 3.1. Objects, values and types
  • 3.2. The standard type hierarchy
  • 3.3. Special method names
  • 3.4. Coroutines
• 4. Execution model
  • 4.1. Structure of a program
  • 4.2. Naming and binding
  • 4.3. Exceptions
• 5. The import system
  • 5.1. importlib
  • 5.2. Packages
  • 5.3. Searching
  • 5.4. Loading
  • 5.5. The Path Based Finder
  • 5.6. Replacing the standard import system
  • 5.7. Package Relative Imports
  • 5.8. Special considerations for __main__
  • 5.9. Open issues
  • 5.10. References
• 6. Expressions
  • 6.1. Arithmetic conversions
  • 6.2. Atoms
  • 6.3. Primaries
  • 6.4. Await expression
  • 6.5. The power operator
  • 6.6. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations
  • 6.7. Binary arithmetic operations
  • 6.8. Shifting operations
  • 6.9. Binary bitwise operations
  • 6.10. Comparisons
  • 6.11. Boolean operations
  • 6.12. Conditional expressions
  • 6.13. Lambdas
  • 6.14. Expression lists
  • 6.15. Evaluation order
  • 6.16. Operator precedence
• 7. Simple statements
  • 7.1. Expression statements
  • 7.2. Assignment statements
  • 7.3. The assert statement
  • 7.4. The pass statement
  • 7.5. The del statement
  • 7.6. The return statement
  • 7.7. The yield statement
  • 7.8. The raise statement
  • 7.9. The break statement
  • 7.10. The continue statement
  • 7.11. The import statement
  • 7.12. The global statement
  • 7.13. The nonlocal statement
• 8. Compound statements
  • 8.1. The if statement
  • 8.2. The while statement
  • 8.3. The for statement
  • 8.4. The try statement
  • 8.5. The with statement
  • 8.6. Function definitions
  • 8.7. Class definitions
  • 8.8. Coroutines
• 9. Top-level components
  • 9.1. Complete Python programs
  • 9.2. File input
  • 9.3. Interactive input
  • 9.4. Expression input
• 10. Full Grammar specification