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Cryptographic Services¶

The modules described in this chapter implement various algorithms of a cryptographic nature. They are available at the discretion of the installation. On Unix systems, the crypt module may also be available. Here’s an overview:

  • hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests
    • Hash algorithms
    • SHAKE variable length digests
    • Key derivation
    • BLAKE2
      • Creating hash objects
      • Constants
      • Examples
        • Simple hashing
        • Using different digest sizes
        • Keyed hashing
        • Randomized hashing
        • Personalization
        • Tree mode
      • Credits
  • hmac — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
  • secrets — Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets
    • Random numbers
    • Generating tokens
      • How many bytes should tokens use?
    • Other functions
    • Recipes and best practices

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