21.1. webbrowser
— Convenient Web-browser controller¶
Source code: Lib/webbrowser.py
The webbrowser
module provides a high-level interface to allow displaying
Web-based documents to users. Under most circumstances, simply calling the
open()
function from this module will do the right thing.
Under Unix, graphical browsers are preferred under X11, but text-mode browsers will be used if graphical browsers are not available or an X11 display isn’t available. If text-mode browsers are used, the calling process will block until the user exits the browser.
If the environment variable BROWSER
exists, it is interpreted as the
os.pathsep
-separated list of browsers to try ahead of the platform
defaults. When the value of a list part contains the string %s
, then it is
interpreted as a literal browser command line to be used with the argument URL
substituted for %s
; if the part does not contain %s
, it is simply
interpreted as the name of the browser to launch. [1]
For non-Unix platforms, or when a remote browser is available on Unix, the controlling process will not wait for the user to finish with the browser, but allow the remote browser to maintain its own windows on the display. If remote browsers are not available on Unix, the controlling process will launch a new browser and wait.
The script webbrowser can be used as a command-line interface for the
module. It accepts a URL as the argument. It accepts the following optional
parameters: -n
opens the URL in a new browser window, if possible;
-t
opens the URL in a new browser page («tab»). The options are,
naturally, mutually exclusive. Usage example:
python -m webbrowser -t "http://www.python.org"
The following exception is defined:
-
exception
webbrowser.
Error
¶ Exception raised when a browser control error occurs.
The following functions are defined:
-
webbrowser.
open
(url, new=0, autoraise=True)¶ Display url using the default browser. If new is 0, the url is opened in the same browser window if possible. If new is 1, a new browser window is opened if possible. If new is 2, a new browser page («tab») is opened if possible. If autoraise is
True
, the window is raised if possible (note that under many window managers this will occur regardless of the setting of this variable).Note that on some platforms, trying to open a filename using this function, may work and start the operating system’s associated program. However, this is neither supported nor portable.
-
webbrowser.
open_new
(url)¶ Open url in a new window of the default browser, if possible, otherwise, open url in the only browser window.
-
webbrowser.
open_new_tab
(url)¶ Open url in a new page («tab») of the default browser, if possible, otherwise equivalent to
open_new()
.
-
webbrowser.
get
(using=None)¶ Return a controller object for the browser type using. If using is
None
, return a controller for a default browser appropriate to the caller’s environment.
-
webbrowser.
register
(name, constructor, instance=None)¶ Register the browser type name. Once a browser type is registered, the
get()
function can return a controller for that browser type. If instance is not provided, or isNone
, constructor will be called without parameters to create an instance when needed. If instance is provided, constructor will never be called, and may beNone
.This entry point is only useful if you plan to either set the
BROWSER
variable or callget()
with a nonempty argument matching the name of a handler you declare.
A number of browser types are predefined. This table gives the type names that
may be passed to the get()
function and the corresponding instantiations
for the controller classes, all defined in this module.
Type Name | Class Name | Notes |
---|---|---|
'mozilla' |
Mozilla('mozilla') |
|
'firefox' |
Mozilla('mozilla') |
|
'netscape' |
Mozilla('netscape') |
|
'galeon' |
Galeon('galeon') |
|
'epiphany' |
Galeon('epiphany') |
|
'skipstone' |
BackgroundBrowser('skipstone') |
|
'kfmclient' |
Konqueror() |
(1) |
'konqueror' |
Konqueror() |
(1) |
'kfm' |
Konqueror() |
(1) |
'mosaic' |
BackgroundBrowser('mosaic') |
|
'opera' |
Opera() |
|
'grail' |
Grail() |
|
'links' |
GenericBrowser('links') |
|
'elinks' |
Elinks('elinks') |
|
'lynx' |
GenericBrowser('lynx') |
|
'w3m' |
GenericBrowser('w3m') |
|
'windows-default' |
WindowsDefault |
(2) |
'macosx' |
MacOSX('default') |
(3) |
'safari' |
MacOSX('safari') |
(3) |
'google-chrome' |
Chrome('google-chrome') |
|
'chrome' |
Chrome('chrome') |
|
'chromium' |
Chromium('chromium') |
|
'chromium-browser' |
Chromium('chromium-browser') |
Notes:
- «Konqueror» is the file manager for the KDE desktop environment for Unix, and
only makes sense to use if KDE is running. Some way of reliably detecting KDE
would be nice; the
KDEDIR
variable is not sufficient. Note also that the name «kfm» is used even when using the konqueror command with KDE 2 — the implementation selects the best strategy for running Konqueror. - Only on Windows platforms.
- Only on Mac OS X platform.
Nuevo en la versión 3.3: Support for Chrome/Chromium has been added.
Here are some simple examples:
url = 'http://docs.python.org/'
# Open URL in a new tab, if a browser window is already open.
webbrowser.open_new_tab(url)
# Open URL in new window, raising the window if possible.
webbrowser.open_new(url)
21.1.1. Browser Controller Objects¶
Browser controllers provide these methods which parallel three of the module-level convenience functions:
-
controller.
open
(url, new=0, autoraise=True)¶ Display url using the browser handled by this controller. If new is 1, a new browser window is opened if possible. If new is 2, a new browser page («tab») is opened if possible.
-
controller.
open_new
(url)¶ Open url in a new window of the browser handled by this controller, if possible, otherwise, open url in the only browser window. Alias
open_new()
.
-
controller.
open_new_tab
(url)¶ Open url in a new page («tab») of the browser handled by this controller, if possible, otherwise equivalent to
open_new()
.
Footnotes
[1] | Executables named here without a full path will be searched in the
directories given in the PATH environment variable. |