11.8. fnmatch
— Unix filename pattern matching¶
Source code: Lib/fnmatch.py
This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are not the
same as regular expressions (which are documented in the re
module). The
special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:
Pattern | Meaning |
---|---|
* |
matches everything |
? |
matches any single character |
[seq] |
matches any character in seq |
[!seq] |
matches any character not in seq |
For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets.
For example, '[?]'
matches the character '?'
.
Note that the filename separator ('/'
on Unix) is not special to this
module. See module glob
for pathname expansion (glob
uses
fnmatch()
to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with
a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the *
and ?
patterns.
-
fnmatch.
fnmatch
(filename, pattern)¶ Test whether the filename string matches the pattern string, returning
True
orFalse
. Both parameters are case-normalized usingos.path.normcase()
.fnmatchcase()
can be used to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that’s standard for the operating system.This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension
.txt
:import fnmatch import os for file in os.listdir('.'): if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'): print(file)
-
fnmatch.
fnmatchcase
(filename, pattern)¶ Test whether filename matches pattern, returning
True
orFalse
; the comparison is case-sensitive and does not applyos.path.normcase()
.
-
fnmatch.
filter
(names, pattern)¶ Return the subset of the list of names that match pattern. It is the same as
[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]
, but implemented more efficiently.
-
fnmatch.
translate
(pattern)¶ Return the shell-style pattern converted to a regular expression for using with
re.match()
.Example:
>>> import fnmatch, re >>> >>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt') >>> regex '.*\\.txt\\Z(?ms)' >>> reobj = re.compile(regex) >>> reobj.match('foobar.txt') <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'>
Ver también
- Module
glob
- Unix shell-style path expansion.