unicodedata — Unicode Database

This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database (UCD) which defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The data contained in this database is compiled from the UCD version 16.0.0.

El módulo utiliza los mismos nombres y símbolos definidos por el Anexo #44 del estándar Unicode de la «Base de datos de caracteres Unicode». Define las siguientes funciones:

Ver también

The CÓMO (HOWTO) Unicode for more information about Unicode and how to use this module.

unicodedata.lookup(name)

Look up character by name. If a character with the given name is found, return the corresponding character. If not found, KeyError is raised. For example:

>>> unicodedata.lookup('LEFT CURLY BRACKET')
'{'

The characters returned by this function are the same as those produced by \N escape sequence in string literals. For example:

>>> unicodedata.lookup('MIDDLE DOT') == '\N{MIDDLE DOT}'
True

Distinto en la versión 3.3: Se ha agregado soporte para alias de nombre [1] y secuencias con nombre [2].

unicodedata.name(chr, default=None, /)

Returns the name assigned to the character chr as a string. If no name is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, ValueError is raised. For example:

>>> unicodedata.name('½')
'VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF'
>>> unicodedata.name('\uFFFF', 'fallback')
'fallback'
unicodedata.decimal(chr, default=None, /)

Returns the decimal value assigned to the character chr as integer. If no such value is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, ValueError is raised. For example:

>>> unicodedata.decimal('\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE}')
9
>>> unicodedata.decimal('\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}', -1)
-1
unicodedata.digit(chr, default=None, /)

Returns the digit value assigned to the character chr as integer. If no such value is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, ValueError is raised:

>>> unicodedata.digit('\N{SUPERSCRIPT NINE}')
9
unicodedata.numeric(chr, default=None, /)

Returns the numeric value assigned to the character chr as float. If no such value is defined, default is returned, or, if not given, ValueError is raised:

>>> unicodedata.numeric('½')
0.5
unicodedata.category(chr)

Returns the general category assigned to the character chr as string. General category names consist of two letters. See the General Category Values section of the Unicode Character Database documentation for a list of category codes. For example:

>>> unicodedata.category('A')  # 'L'etter, 'u'ppercase
'Lu'
unicodedata.bidirectional(chr)

Returns the bidirectional class assigned to the character chr as string. If no such value is defined, an empty string is returned. See the Bidirectional Class Values section of the Unicode Character Database documentation for a list of bidirectional codes. For example:

>>> unicodedata.bidirectional('\N{ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN}') # 'A'rabic, 'N'umber
'AN'
unicodedata.combining(chr)

Returns the canonical combining class assigned to the character chr as integer. Returns 0 if no combining class is defined. See the Canonical Combining Class Values section of the Unicode Character Database for more information.

unicodedata.east_asian_width(chr)

Returns the east asian width assigned to the character chr as string. For a list of widths and or more information, see the Unicode Standard Annex #11.

unicodedata.mirrored(chr)

Returns the mirrored property assigned to the character chr as integer. Returns 1 if the character has been identified as a «mirrored» character in bidirectional text, 0 otherwise. For example:

>>> unicodedata.mirrored('>')
1
unicodedata.decomposition(chr)

Returns the character decomposition mapping assigned to the character chr as string. An empty string is returned in case no such mapping is defined. For example:

>>> unicodedata.decomposition('Ã')
'0041 0303'
unicodedata.normalize(form, unistr)

Retorna la forma normalizada form para la cadena Unicode unistr. Los valores válidos para form son “NFC”, “NFKC”, “NFD” y “NFKD”.

El estándar Unicode define varias formas de normalización de una cadena Unicode, basándose en la definición de equivalencia canónica y equivalencia de compatibilidad. En Unicode, varios caracteres se pueden expresar de diversas formas. Por ejemplo, el carácter U+00C7 (LETRA C LATINA MAYÚSCULA CON CEDILLA) también se puede expresar con la secuencia U+0043 (LETRA C LATINA MAYÚSCULA) U+0327 (CEDILLA COMBINABLE).

Para cada carácter, hay dos formas normalizadas: la forma normal C y la forma normal D. La forma normal D (NFD) también se conoce como descomposición canónica y traduce cada carácter a su forma descompuesta. La forma normal C (NFC) primero aplica una descomposición canónica y luego vuelve a componer los caracteres combinados previamente.

In addition to these two forms, there are two additional normal forms based on compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, certain characters are supported which normally would be unified with other characters. For example, U+2160 (ROMAN NUMERAL ONE) is really the same thing as U+0049 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I). However, it is supported in Unicode for compatibility with existing character sets (for example, gb2312).

The normal form KD (NFKD) will apply the compatibility decomposition, that is, replace all compatibility characters with their equivalents. The normal form KC (NFKC) first applies the compatibility decomposition, followed by the canonical composition.

Incluso si dos cadenas Unicode están normalizadas y parecen iguales para un lector humano, si una tiene caracteres combinados y la otra no, es posible que no se comparen como iguales.

unicodedata.is_normalized(form, unistr)

Retorna si la cadena Unicode unistr está en la forma normalizada form. Los valores válidos para form son “NFC”, “NFKC”, “NFD” y “NFKD”.

Added in version 3.8.

Además, el módulo expone las siguientes constantes:

unicodedata.unidata_version

La versión de la base de datos Unicode usada en este módulo.

unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0

Este es un objeto que tiene los mismos métodos que el módulo completo, pero usa la versión 3.2 de la base de datos Unicode en su lugar. Es útil para aplicaciones que requieren esta versión específica de la base de datos Unicode (como IDNA).

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