Objetos tipo

type PyTypeObject

Part of the Stable ABI (as an opaque struct).

La estructura C de los objetos utilizados para describir los tipos incorporados.

PyTypeObject PyType_Type

Part of the Stable ABI.

Este es el objeto tipo para objetos tipo; es el mismo objeto que type en la capa Python.

int PyType_Check(PyObject *o)

Retorna un valor distinto de cero si el objeto o es un objeto tipo, incluidas las instancias de tipos derivados del objeto de tipo estándar. Retorna 0 en todos los demás casos. Esta función siempre finaliza con éxito.

int PyType_CheckExact(PyObject *o)

Retorna un valor distinto de cero si el objeto o es un objeto tipo, pero no un subtipo del objeto tipo estándar. Retorna 0 en todos los demás casos. Esta función siempre finaliza con éxito.

unsigned int PyType_ClearCache()

Part of the Stable ABI.

Borra la caché de búsqueda interna. Retorna la etiqueta (tag) de la versión actual.

unsigned long PyType_GetFlags(PyTypeObject *type)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Retorna el miembro tp_flags de type. Esta función está destinada principalmente para su uso con Py_LIMITED_API; se garantiza que los bits de bandera individuales serán estables en las versiones de Python, pero el acceso a tp_flags en sí mismo no forma parte de la API limitada.

Added in version 3.2.

Distinto en la versión 3.4: El tipo de retorno es ahora unsigned long en vez de long.

PyObject *PyType_GetDict(PyTypeObject *type)

Retorna el espacio de nombres interno del objeto tipo, que de otra manera solo está expuesto a través de un proxy de solo lectura (cls.__dict__). Esto es un reemplazo para acceder a tp_dict directamente. El diccionario retornado debe tratarse como de solo lectura.

Esta función está destinada a casos específicos de incrustación y vinculación de lenguajes, donde el acceso directo al diccionario es necesario y el acceso indirecto (por ejemplo, a través del proxy o PyObject_GetAttr()) no es adecuado.

Los módulos de extensión deben continuar usando tp_dict, directa o indirectamente, al configurar sus propios tipos.

Added in version 3.12.

void PyType_Modified(PyTypeObject *type)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Invalida la memoria caché de búsqueda interna para el tipo y todos sus subtipos. Esta función debe llamarse después de cualquier modificación manual de los atributos o clases base del tipo.

int PyType_AddWatcher(PyType_WatchCallback callback)

Registra callback como un observador de tipo. Retorna un ID entero no negativo que debe pasarse a llamadas futuras a PyType_Watch(). En caso de error (por ejemplo, no hay más IDs de observador disponibles), retorna -1 y establece una excepción.

In free-threaded builds, PyType_AddWatcher() is not thread-safe, so it must be called at start up (before spawning the first thread).

Added in version 3.12.

int PyType_ClearWatcher(int watcher_id)

Borra el observador identificado por watcher_id (previamente retornado de PyType_AddWatcher()). Retorna 0 en caso de éxito, -1 en caso de error (por ejemplo, si watcher_id nunca fue registrado).

Una extensión nunca debe llamar a PyType_ClearWatcher con un watcher_id que no le fue retornado por una llamada previa a PyType_AddWatcher().

Added in version 3.12.

int PyType_Watch(int watcher_id, PyObject *type)

Marca type como observado. El retrollamada (callback) otorgado watcher_id por PyType_AddWatcher() será llamado cada vez que PyType_Modified() reporte un cambio a type. (El callback puede ser llamado solo una vez para una serie de modificaciones consecutivas a type, si _PyType_Lookup() no es llamado en type entre las modificaciones; esto es un detalle de implementación y sujeto a cambios).

The callback is also invoked when a watched heap type is deallocated.

Una extensión nunca debe llamar a PyType_Watch con un watcher_id que no le fue retornado por una llamada previa a PyType_AddWatcher().

Added in version 3.12.

Distinto en la versión 3.15: The callback is now also invoked when a watched heap type is deallocated.

int PyType_Unwatch(int watcher_id, PyObject *type)

Mark type as not watched. This undoes a previous call to PyType_Watch(). type must not be NULL.

An extension should never call this function with a watcher_id that was not returned to it by a previous call to PyType_AddWatcher().

On success, this function returns 0. On failure, this function returns -1 with an exception set.

Added in version 3.12.

typedef int (*PyType_WatchCallback)(PyObject *type)

Tipo de una función de retrollamada (callback) de observador de tipo.

El retrollamada (callback) no debe modificar type o causar que PyType_Modified() sea llamado en type o cualquier tipo en su MRO; violar esta regla podría causar recursión infinita.

The callback may be called during type deallocation. In this case, the type object is temporarily resurrected (its reference count is at least 1) and all its attributes are still valid. However, the callback should not store new strong references to the type, as this would resurrect the object and prevent its deallocation.

Added in version 3.12.

Distinto en la versión 3.15: The callback may now be called during deallocation of a watched heap type.

int PyType_HasFeature(PyTypeObject *o, int feature)

Retorna un valor distinto de cero si el tipo objeto o establece la característica feature. Las características de tipo se indican mediante flags de un solo bit.

int PyType_FastSubclass(PyTypeObject *type, int flag)

Return non-zero if the type object type sets the subclass flag flag. Subclass flags are denoted by Py_TPFLAGS_*_SUBCLASS. This function is used by many _Check functions for common types.

Ver también

PyObject_TypeCheck(), which is used as a slower alternative in _Check functions for types that don’t come with subclass flags.

int PyType_IS_GC(PyTypeObject *o)

Retorna verdadero si el objeto tipo incluye soporte para el detector de ciclos; esto prueba el indicador de tipo Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC.

int PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Retorna verdadero si a es un subtipo de b.

Esta función solo busca subtipos reales, lo que significa que __subclasscheck__() no se llama en b. Llama PyObject_IsSubclass() para hacer la misma verificación que issubclass() haría.

PyObject *PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems)

Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

Generic handler for the tp_alloc slot of a type object. Uses Python’s default memory allocation mechanism to allocate memory for a new instance, zeros the memory, then initializes the memory as if by calling PyObject_Init() or PyObject_InitVar().

Do not call this directly to allocate memory for an object; call the type’s tp_alloc slot instead.

For types that support garbage collection (i.e., the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC flag is set), this function behaves like PyObject_GC_New or PyObject_GC_NewVar (except the memory is guaranteed to be zeroed before initialization), and should be paired with PyObject_GC_Del() in tp_free. Otherwise, it behaves like PyObject_New or PyObject_NewVar (except the memory is guaranteed to be zeroed before initialization) and should be paired with PyObject_Free() in tp_free.

PyObject *PyType_GenericNew(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)

Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

Generic handler for the tp_new slot of a type object. Creates a new instance using the type’s tp_alloc slot and returns the resulting object.

int PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *type)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Finalizar un objeto tipo. Se debe llamar a todos los objetos tipo para finalizar su inicialización. Esta función es responsable de agregar ranuras heredadas de la clase base de un tipo. Retorna 0 en caso de éxito o retorna -1 y establece una excepción en caso de error.

Nota

Si algunas de las clases base implementan el protocolo GC y el tipo proporcionado no incluye Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC en sus banderas, entonces el protocolo GC se implementará automáticamente desde sus padres. Por el contrario, si el tipo que se está creando incluye Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC en sus banderas, entonces debe implementar el protocolo GC por sí mismo implementando al menos el manejador tp_traverse.

PyObject *PyType_GetName(PyTypeObject *type)

Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.11.

Retorna el nombre del tipo. Equivalente a obtener el atributo __name__ del tipo.

Added in version 3.11.

PyObject *PyType_GetQualName(PyTypeObject *type)

Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.11.

Retorna el nombre calificado del tipo. Equivalente a obtener el atributo __qualname__ del tipo.

Added in version 3.11.

PyObject *PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName(PyTypeObject *type)

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.13.

Retorna el nombre completamente calificado del tipo. Equivalente a f"{type.__module__}.{type.__qualname__}", o type.__qualname__ si type.__module__ no es una cadena de caracteres o es igual a "builtins".

Added in version 3.13.

PyObject *PyType_GetModuleName(PyTypeObject *type)

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.13.

Retorna el nombre del módulo del tipo. Equivalente a obtener el atributo type.__module__.

Added in version 3.13.

void *PyType_GetSlot(PyTypeObject *type, int slot)

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.4.

Retorna el puntero de función almacenado en la ranura dada. Si el resultado es NULL, esto indica que la ranura es NULL o que la función se llamó con parámetros no válidos. Las personas que llaman suelen convertir el puntero de resultado en el tipo de función apropiado.

Consulte PyType_Slot.slot para conocer los posibles valores del argumento slot.

Added in version 3.4.

Distinto en la versión 3.10: PyType_GetSlot() ahora puede aceptar todos los tipos. Anteriormente, estaba limitado a heap types.

PyObject *PyType_GetModule(PyTypeObject *type)

Return value: Borrowed reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.10.

Retorna el objeto módulo asociado con el tipo dado cuando se creó el tipo usando PyType_FromModuleAndSpec().

The returned reference is borrowed from type, and will be valid as long as you hold a reference to type. Do not release it with Py_DECREF() or similar.

Si no hay ningún módulo asociado con el tipo dado, establece TypeError y retorna NULL.

This function is usually used to get the module in which a method is defined. Note that in such a method, PyType_GetModule(Py_TYPE(self)) may not return the intended result. Py_TYPE(self) may be a subclass of the intended class, and subclasses are not necessarily defined in the same module as their superclass. See PyCMethod to get the class that defines the method. See PyType_GetModuleByToken() for cases when PyCMethod cannot be used.

Added in version 3.9.

void *PyType_GetModuleState(PyTypeObject *type)

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.10.

Retorna el estado del objeto de módulo asociado con el tipo dado. Este es un atajo para llamar PyModule_GetState() en el resultado de PyType_GetModule().

Si no hay ningún módulo asociado con el tipo dado, establece TypeError y retorna NULL.

Si el tipo type tiene un módulo asociado pero su estado es NULL, retorna NULL sin establecer una excepción.

Added in version 3.9.

PyObject *PyType_GetModuleByToken(PyTypeObject *type, const void *mod_token)

Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Find the first superclass whose module has the given module token, and return that module.

Si no se encuentra ningún módulo, lanza TypeError y retorna NULL.

Esta función está pensada para ser utilizada junto con PyModule_GetState() para obtener el estado del módulo de los métodos de ranura (como tp_init o nb_add) y en otros lugares donde la clase que define a un método no se puede pasar utilizando la convención de llamada PyCMethod.

Added in version 3.15.

PyObject *PyType_GetModuleByDef(PyTypeObject *type, struct PyModuleDef *def)

Return value: Borrowed reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.13.

Find the first superclass whose module was created from the given PyModuleDef def, or whose module token is equal to def, and return that module.

Note that modules created from a PyModuleDef always have their token set to the PyModuleDef’s address. In other words, this function is equivalent to PyType_GetModuleByToken(), except that it:

• returns a borrowed reference, and

• has a non-void* argument type (which is a cosmetic difference in C).

The returned reference is borrowed from type, and will be valid as long as you hold a reference to type. Do not release it with Py_DECREF() or similar.

Added in version 3.11.

int PyType_GetBaseByToken(PyTypeObject *type, void *tp_token, PyTypeObject **result)

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.14.

Find the first superclass in type’s method resolution order whose Py_tp_token token is equal to tp_token.

• If found, set *result to a new strong reference to it and return 1.

• If not found, set *result to NULL and return 0.

• On error, set *result to NULL and return -1 with an exception set.

The result argument may be NULL, in which case *result is not set. Use this if you need only the return value.

The tp_token argument may not be NULL.

Added in version 3.14.

int PyUnstable_Type_AssignVersionTag(PyTypeObject *type)

This is Unstable API. It may change without warning in minor releases.

Intenta asignar una etiqueta (tag) de versión al tipo dado.

Retorna 1 si el tipo ya tenía una etiqueta (tag) de versión válida o se asignó una nueva, o 0 si no se pudo asignar una nueva etiqueta.

Added in version 3.12.

int PyType_SUPPORTS_WEAKREFS(PyTypeObject *type)

Return true if instances of type support creating weak references, false otherwise. This function always succeeds. type must not be NULL.

Ver también

• Objetos de referencia débil

• weakref

Crear tipos asignados en montículo (heap)

The following function is used to create heap types:

PyObject *PyType_FromSlots(const PySlot *slots)

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Create and return a heap type from a PySlot array. See Definition slots for general information on slots, and Type slot IDs for slots specific to type creation.

Esta función llama PyType_Ready() en el tipo nuevo.

Nota que esta función no coincide completamente con el comportamiento de llamar type() o usar la sentencia class. Con tipos base o metaclases proporcionados por el usuario, prefiera llamar type (o la metaclase) sobre las funciones PyType_From*. Específicamente:

• __new__() no es llamado en la nueva clase (y debe ser establecido a type.__new__).

• __init__() no es llamado en la nueva clase.

• __init_subclass__() no es llamado en ninguna base.

• __set_name__() no es llamado en nuevos descriptores.

Slots are typically defined as a global static constant arrays. However, sometimes slot values are not statically known at compile time. For example, slots like Py_tp_bases, Py_tp_metaclass and Py_tp_module require live Python objects. In this case, it is recommended to put such slots on the stack, and use Py_slot_subslots to refer to an array of static slots. For example:

static const PySlot my_slots[] = {
   PySlot_STATIC_DATA(Py_tp_name, "MyClass"),
   PySlot_FUNC(Py_tp_repr, my_repr_func),
   ...
   PySlot_END
};

PyObject *make_my_class(PyObject *module) {
   PySlot all_slots[] = {
      PySlot_STATIC_DATA(Py_slot_subslots, my_slots),
      PySlot_DATA(Py_tp_module, module),
      PySlot_END
   };
   return PyType_FromSlots(all_slots);
}

Heap types created without the Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE flag may be modified, for example by setting attributes on them, as with classes defined in Python code. Sometimes, such modifications are necessary to fully initialize a type, but you may wish to prevent users from changing the type after the initialization is done:

int PyType_Freeze(PyTypeObject *type)

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.14.

Make a type immutable: set the Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE flag.

All base classes of type must be immutable.

On success, return 0. On error, set an exception and return -1.

The type must not be used before it’s made immutable. For example, type instances must not be created before the type is made immutable.

Added in version 3.14.

Type slot IDs

Most type slot IDs are named like the field names of the structures PyTypeObject, PyNumberMethods, PySequenceMethods, PyMappingMethods and PyAsyncMethods with an added Py_ prefix. For example, use:

• Py_tp_dealloc to set PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc

• Py_nb_add to set PyNumberMethods.nb_add

• Py_sq_length to set PySequenceMethods.sq_length

The following slots need additional considerations when specified as slots:

• Py_tp_name

• Py_tp_basicsize and Py_tp_extra_basicsize

• Py_tp_itemsize

• Py_tp_flags

Additional slots do not directly correspond to a PyTypeObject struct field:

• Py_tp_token

• Py_tp_metaclass

• Py_tp_module

The following “offset” fields cannot be set using PyType_Slot:

• tp_weaklistoffset (use Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF en su lugar si es posible)

• tp_dictoffset (use Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT en su lugar si es posible)

• tp_vectorcall_offset (use "__vectorcalloffset__" en PyMemberDef)

If it is not possible to switch to a MANAGED flag (for example, for vectorcall or to support Python older than 3.12), specify the offset in Py_tp_members. See PyMemberDef documentation for details.

The following internal fields cannot be set at all when creating a heap type:

• tp_dict, tp_mro, tp_cache, tp_subclasses, and tp_weaklist.

The Py_tp_base slot is equivalent to Py_tp_bases; both may be set either to a type or a tuple of types. If both are specified, the value of Py_tp_bases is used.

Slot values may not be NULL, except for the following:

• Py_tp_doc

• Py_tp_token (for clarity, prefer Py_TP_USE_SPEC rather than NULL)

Distinto en la versión 3.9: Las ranuras en PyBufferProcs se pueden configurar en la API ilimitada.

Distinto en la versión 3.11: bf_getbuffer y bf_releasebuffer ahora están disponibles bajo la API limitada.

Distinto en la versión 3.14: The field tp_vectorcall can now be set using Py_tp_vectorcall. See the field’s documentation for details.

Distinto en la versión 3.15: The Py_tp_bases slot may be set to a single type object, making it equivalent to the Py_tp_base slot. Previously, a tuple of types was required.

The following slots correspond to fields in the underlying type structure, but need extra remarks for use as slots:

Py_tp_name

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Slot ID for the name of the type, used to set PyTypeObject.tp_name.

This slot (or PyType_Spec.name()) is required to create a type.

This may not be used in PyType_Spec.slots. Use PyType_Spec.name() instead.

Detalles de implementación de CPython: CPython processes slots in order. It is recommended to put Py_tp_name at the beginning of the slots array, so that if processing of a later slots fails, error messages can include the name.

Added in version 3.15.

Py_tp_basicsize

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Slot ID for the size of the instance in bytes. It is used to set PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize.

The value must be positive.

This may not be used in PyType_Spec.slots. Use PyType_Spec.basicsize() instead.

This slot may not be used with PyType_GetSlot(). Use PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize instead if needed, but be aware that a type’s size is often considered an implementation detail.

Added in version 3.15.

Py_tp_extra_basicsize

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Slot ID for type data size in bytes, that is, how much space instances of the class need in addition to space needed for superclasses.

The value is used, together with the size of superclasses, to set PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize. Python will insert padding as needed to meet tp_basicsize’s alignment requirements.

Use PyObject_GetTypeData() to get a pointer to subclass-specific memory reserved this way.

The value must be positive. To specify that instances need no additional size (that is, size should be inherited), omit the Py_tp_extra_basicsize slot rather than set it to zero.

Specifying both Py_tp_basicsize and Py_tp_extra_basicsize is an error.

This may not be used in PyType_Spec.slots. Use negative PyType_Spec.basicsize() instead.

This slot may not be used with PyType_GetSlot().

Added in version 3.15.

Py_tp_itemsize

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Slot ID for the size of one element of a variable-size type, in bytes. Used to set PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize. See tp_itemsize documentation for caveats.

The value must be positive.

If this slot is missing, tp_itemsize is inherited. Extending arbitrary variable-sized classes is dangerous, since some types use a fixed offset for variable-sized memory, which can then overlap fixed-sized memory used by a subclass. To help prevent mistakes, inheriting itemsize is only possible in the following situations:

• La base no es de tamaño variable (su tp_itemsize).

• El PyType_Spec.basicsize solicitado es positivo, sugiriendo que la distribución de memoria de la clase base es conocida.

• El PyType_Spec.basicsize solicitado es cero, sugiriendo que la subclase no accede a la memoria de la instancia directamente.

• Con la bandera Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END.

This may not be used in PyType_Spec.slots. Use PyType_Spec.itemsize() instead.

This slot may not be used with PyType_GetSlot().

Added in version 3.15.

Py_tp_flags

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Slot ID for type flags, used to set PyTypeObject.tp_flags.

The Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE flag is not set, PyType_FromSpecWithBases() sets it automatically.

This may not be used in PyType_Spec.slots. Use negative PyType_Spec.basicsize() instead.

This slot may not be used with PyType_GetSlot(). Use PyType_GetFlags() instead.

Added in version 3.15.

The following slots do not correspond to public fields in the underlying structures:

Py_tp_metaclass

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Slot ID for the metaclass used to construct the resulting type object. When omitted the metaclass is derived from bases (Py_tp_bases or the bases argument of PyType_FromMetaclass()).

Metaclasses that override tp_new are not supported, except if tp_new is NULL.

This may not be used in PyType_Spec.slots. Use PyType_FromMetaclass() to specify a metaclass with PyType_Spec.

This slot may not be used with PyType_GetSlot(). Use Py_TYPE() on the type object instead.

Added in version 3.15.

Py_tp_module

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Slot ID for recording the module in which the new class is defined.

The value must be a module object. The module is associated with the new type and can later be retrieved with PyType_GetModule(). The associated module is not inherited by subclasses; it must be specified for each class individually.

This may not be used in PyType_Spec.slots. Use PyType_FromMetaclass() to specify a module with PyType_Spec.

This slot may not be used with PyType_GetSlot(). Use PyType_GetModule() instead.

Added in version 3.15.

Py_tp_token

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.14.

Slot ID for recording a static memory layout ID for a class.

If the class is defined using a PyType_Spec, and that spec is statically allocated, the token can be set to the spec using the special value Py_TP_USE_SPEC:

static PyType_Slot foo_slots[] = {
   {Py_tp_token, Py_TP_USE_SPEC},

It can also be set to an arbitrary pointer, but you must ensure that:

• The pointer outlives the class, so it’s not reused for something else while the class exists.

• It «belongs» to the extension module where the class lives, so it will not clash with other extensions.

Use PyType_GetBaseByToken() to check if a class’s superclass has a given token – that is, check whether the memory layout is compatible.

To get the token for a given class (without considering superclasses), use PyType_GetSlot() with Py_tp_token.

Added in version 3.14.

Py_TP_USE_SPEC

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.14.

Used as a value with Py_tp_token to set the token to the class’s PyType_Spec. May only be used for classes defined using PyType_Spec.

Expands to NULL.

Added in version 3.14.

Py_tp_slots

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.15.

Slot ID that works like Py_slot_subslots, except it specifies an array of PyType_Slot structures.

Added in version 3.15.

Soft-deprecated API

The following functions are soft deprecated. They will continue to work, but new features will be added as slots for PyType_FromSlots(), not as arguments to new PyType_From* functions.

PyObject *PyType_FromMetaclass(PyTypeObject *metaclass, PyObject *module, PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)

Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.12.

Crea y retorna un tipo heap a partir del spec (ver Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE).

A non-NULL metaclass argument corresponds to the Py_tp_metaclass slot.

A non-NULL bases argument corresponds to the Py_tp_bases slot, and takes precedence over Py_tp_bases and Py_tp_bases slots.

A non-NULL module argument corresponds to the Py_tp_module slot.

Esta función llama PyType_Ready() en el tipo nuevo.

Note that this function does not fully match the behavior of calling type() or using the class statement. See the note in PyType_FromSlots() documentation for details.

Added in version 3.12.

Soft deprecated since version 3.15.0b1 (unreleased): Prefer PyType_FromSlots() in new code.

PyObject *PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(PyObject *module, PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)

Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.10.

Equivalente a PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, module, spec, bases).

Added in version 3.9.

Distinto en la versión 3.10: La función ahora acepta una sola clase como argumento bases y NULL como ranura tp_doc.

Distinto en la versión 3.12: La función ahora encuentra y usa una metaclase correspondiente a las clases base proporcionadas. Anteriormente, sólo se retornaban instancias de type.

The tp_new of the metaclass is ignored. which may result in incomplete initialization. Creating classes whose metaclass overrides tp_new is deprecated.

Distinto en la versión 3.14: Creating classes whose metaclass overrides tp_new is no longer allowed.

Soft deprecated since version 3.15.0b1 (unreleased): Prefer PyType_FromSlots() in new code.

PyObject *PyType_FromSpecWithBases(PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)

Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.3.

Equivalente a PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, bases).

Added in version 3.3.

Distinto en la versión 3.12: La función ahora encuentra y usa una metaclase correspondiente a las clases base proporcionadas. Anteriormente, sólo se retornaban instancias de type.

The tp_new of the metaclass is ignored. which may result in incomplete initialization. Creating classes whose metaclass overrides tp_new is deprecated.

Distinto en la versión 3.14: Creating classes whose metaclass overrides tp_new is no longer allowed.

Soft deprecated since version 3.15.0b1 (unreleased): Prefer PyType_FromSlots() in new code.

PyObject *PyType_FromSpec(PyType_Spec *spec)

Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

Equivalente a PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, NULL).

Distinto en la versión 3.12: La función ahora encuentra y usa una metaclase correspondiente a las clases base proporcionadas en las ranuras Py_tp_base[s]. Anteriormente, sólo se retornaban instancias de type.

The tp_new of the metaclass is ignored. which may result in incomplete initialization. Creating classes whose metaclass overrides tp_new is deprecated.

Distinto en la versión 3.14: Creating classes whose metaclass overrides tp_new is no longer allowed.

Soft deprecated since version 3.15.0b1 (unreleased): Prefer PyType_FromSlots() in new code.

type PyType_Spec

Part of the Stable ABI (including all members).

Structure defining a type’s behavior, used for soft-deprecated functions like PyType_FromMetaclass().

This structure contains several members that can instead be specified as slots for PyType_FromSlots(), and an array of slot entries with a simpler structure.

const char *name

Corresponds to Py_tp_name.

int basicsize

If positive, corresponds to Py_tp_basicsize.

If negative, corresponds to Py_tp_extra_basicsize set to the absolute value.

Distinto en la versión 3.12: Anteriormente, este campo no podía ser negativo.

int itemsize

Corresponds to Py_tp_itemsize.

unsigned int flags

Corresponds to Py_tp_flags.

PyType_Slot *slots

Array of PyType_Slot (not PySlot) structures.

Terminated by the special slot value {0, NULL}. Each slot ID should be specified at most once.

type PyType_Slot

Part of the Stable ABI (including all members).

Structure defining optional functionality of a type, used for soft-deprecated functions like PyType_FromMetaclass().

Note that a PyType_Slot array may be included in a PySlot array using Py_tp_slots, and vice versa using Py_slot_subslots.

Each PyType_Slot structure tpslot is interpreted as the following PySlot structure:

(PySlot){
   .sl_id=tpslot.slot,
   .sl_flags=PySlot_INTPTR | sub_static,
   .sl_ptr=tpslot.func
}

where sub_static is PySlot_STATIC if the slot requires the flag (such as for Py_tp_methods), or if this flag is present on the «parent» Py_tp_slots slot (if any).

int slot

Corresponds to PySlot.sl_id.

void *pfunc

Corresponds to PySlot.sl_ptr.